阳江-初中英语知识--名词 10页

阳江-初中英语知识第二章：名词㈠.课标考点解析1.名词要求掌握：A.名词的数。B.名词的所有格。C.不可数名词量的表达法。D.名词词义的理解和近义名词的辨析。2.中考命题方向A.试题的热点：词义的理解，不可数名词梁的表示，名词双重所有格，名词做定语，一词多义等用法。B.试题特点：名词在中考中所占分数不是很多，一般情况为2--4分。题型多为天空的那个题，选择题和作文题中。C.试题的趋势：纵观几年的中考试题，可以看出，对于名词的考查越来越趋向于考查学生对于名词用法的辨析方面，让学生区别一组意思相近而用法不同的名词。3.考试策略点拨A.要牢记新课标中所规定的词汇和短语的基本意思以及它们的用法。B.辨别意义相关或相近的词汇和短语。C.对于不可数名词以及可数名词的单复数的考查仍然是中考测试的重点和难点之一。尤其是对于不可数名词的量的表达法。（二）中考名词知识演练1.Therearemany_____________ontheWestHillFarm.10A.sheepB.cowC.pigD.deers10102._____________mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.10A.TimandPeter’sB.Tim’sandPeterC.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeter10103.Theforeignteacherwantstoknowthe_____________names.10A.child’sB.children’sC.childrens’D.childs’1010\n1.Pleasekeepquiet.Ifyoumakealotof_____________,youmaydisturbothers.10A.voiceB.noiseC.soundD.singing10102.Afterplayingfootballformorethanhalfanhour,thestudentstook_____________rest.10A.afewminute’sB.afewminutes’C.alittleminute’sD.alittleminutes’10103.Heishungry.Givehim_____________toeat.10A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread.C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads1010（三）考点解析和习题检测I:一词多义①.词义理解有些名词在不同的语言环境中有不同的词义。此类题型占在考查考生能否通过上下文的理解正确辨析并恰当使用合适的词汇。②.近义词如:sound,voice,noiseNews,message,information典型例题：1.Thereisgood_____________foryou.Ihavefoundyourlostwatch.10A.newsB.ideasC.messageD.thoughts10解析：A。考查近义词的辨析。句意：有一个好消息告诉你。Ideas;消息。Message;留言。Thoughts；想法。News；消息2.AndyLiuhasabeautiful_____________.Listen!Heissingingverywell.10A.voiceB.lookC.soundD.smell10解析:A.考查近义词的辨析。Look；外貌。Voice；指代人的嗓音。Sound;指自然界中物体所发出的声音。Smell；闻起来。动词习题操练1.我想要两杯橘子汁。太渴了。_______________________________________________________________________________2.有许多人都利用暑假去上海旅游。_______________________________________________________________________________3.金窝，银窝，不如自己的狗窝。10\n_______________________________________________________________________________1.老师说他们需要挑选三个歌手去参加学校的演唱会。_______________________________________________________________________________Ⅱ.可数名词的复数可数名词的复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1.规则A.直接加—sB.以—s,--x,--sh,--ch的单词，常在词尾加—es。C.以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，+es.D.以—O结尾的词变复数，加s。除Negro,hero,tomato,potato之外。E.将词尾f(fe)变为v+es.2.不规则。A．改a为eman—men;woman—womenB．改oo为eefoot—feet;goose—geeseC．其他特殊变化Child—children;mouse—mice.3.两个名词组成的名词词组常在最后一个名词加----s.Girlstudents;twinsisters.注意：但如果前面名词是man和woman时，两个名词都要变。Womanteacher---womenteachersMandoctor---mendoctors.4.表示名族的单复数的变化有三种A．单复数相同。Chinese—ChineseB．将man改为men。Englishman—Englishmen;Frenchman—FrenchmenC．其余在后面加s。America—American.5.有些名词通常用复数形式。People,police,trousers.习题操练Partone:写出下列名词的复数形式。1.10\n1.class_____________2.watch_____________3.zoo_____________4.tomato_____________5.family_____________6.knife_____________7.German_____________8.Japanese_____________9.deer_____________10.half_____________11.goose_____________12.key_____________13.thief_____________14.sheep_____________15.clothes_____________16.boy_____________10Parttwo:将下列的词组译成英语。101.两本英语书_____________2.三张白纸_____________3.十位女医生_____________4.五位男同学_____________5.三副太阳镜_____________6.许多西红柿_____________7.20只羊_____________8.一条裤子_____________9.四位小孩_____________10.三架钢琴_____________10Partthree:选择题1.________isspokenthemostwidelyintheworld. A.Chinese       B.English        C.French      D.Russian2.Iamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme_______,please?A.somebread    B.sometea     C.somecakes    D.someeggs3.What’swrongwithmyson’s________?Hecan’tseethingsclearlyA.eyes      B.ears        C.mouth      D.nose4．TheAlps（阿尔卑斯山）anareaof200,000squarekilometers.A.isB.areC.hasD.have5．ApairofglasseswhatIneedatthemoment.A.isB.areC.hasD.have6.weliveintheWesten.A.Beijing’soutskirtB.Beijing’soutskirtsC.outskirtofBeijingD.outskirtsofBeijing7.Fivepoundsasmuchasitusedto.A.don’tbuyB.doesn’tbuyC.arebuyingD.isbuying8.plasticsaremadeinthischemicalworks.A.ManykindofB.ManykindsofC.ManykindsD.Manykind9.“Laowanghasjustmovedintoanewflat.”“Didhehavetobuyforit?”A.manynewfurniture(家具)B.muchnewfurnituresC.muchnewfurnitureD.manynewfurnitures10.changed;whatevermencando,womencandotoo.10\nA.ThetimehasB.ThetimesC.TimeshaveD.TimesPartfour:简单句写作黑人和英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。当他们有空时，他们经常会在哎家里和孩子么一起弹钢琴。平时，他们都很忙，没有多少时间去照顾他们。每到周末，他们就会带孩子们开自己的车子去逛街，他们买了许多的衣服和食物。大家都玩得非常开心。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ⅲ.不可数名词1.不能用a/an来修饰。如：water,milk,bread等但可以用some/much来进行修饰。Somemilk,muchbread等2．但如果要表示不可数名词的数量，必须在它的前面加表示数量的短语。即合理运用量词。Acupoftea,aboxofchocolate,twopiecesofpaper典型例题1.Internethasplayedaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Wecangetmuch__________onit.10A.photoB.ideasC.messageD.information10解析：D。由much可知，后面必须用不可数名词。A,B,C均为可数名词。故用D。2.Mr.Brownalwayshas_____________totellus.10A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews10解析:B.考查不可数名词。News为不可数名词。需用量词piece来构成数量短语的形式。Some修饰piece，须用复数的形式。3.Myparentswenttotheirdoctorfor_____________.10A.anadviceB.adviceC.theadvicesD.advising10解析：B。考查不可数名词的用法。Advice为不可数名词。故不能用不定冠词来进行修饰。习题操练Partone:将下列词组译成英语101．四公斤肉_____________2．五块面包_____________3．一些水_____________4．三袋米_____________5．两杯果汁_____________6．10张纸_____________10\n1．六片树叶_____________2．一瓶油_____________3．一碗米饭_____________10.四袋盐_____________10Parttwo:选择题(  )1.Shewasveryhappy.She________inthemathtest.A.makesafewmistake            B.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakes                  D.makesfewmistake(  )2.Weneedsomemore________.Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potato       B.potatos            C.potatoes        D.potatoe(  )3.________are________forcuttingthings.A.Knife/used        B.Knives/used         C.Knife/using     D.Knives/using(  )4.Whatbig________thetigerhas!A.tooth           B.teeth               C.tooths            D.toothes(  )5.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree________.A.leafs           B.leaves              C.leaf                D.leave(  )6.--Canwehavesome________?--Yes,please.A.banana           B.oranges             C.apple               D.pear(  )7.Onthetabletherearefive________.A.tomatos        B.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoes            D.tomato(  )8.Theygotmuch________fromthosenewbooks.A.ideas               B.photos             C.information           D.storiesⅣ.名词所有格Of+名词表示无生命的。Thelegsofdesks.S’:有生命的复数可数名词Myparents’car‘s有生命的单数可数名词Lucy’slivingroom.注意：不以S结尾+’s1.表示时间，距离，国家等名词以S结尾+’s1.表示几个人共同拥有的名词，只在最后一个名词的后面加上’sEg:LucyandLily’sbooks10\n1.当所有格’s修饰的名词表示shop,home,office,barber等概念时。这些被修饰的名词常常省略。Eg:atmysister’s2.双重所有格。Afriendofmyfather’s典型例题1.Hetoldmethathewouldhave_____________holiday.10A.atwo-monthB.two-months’C.twomonthD.two-months’10解析：A。考查名词所有格的用法。句意：他告诉我他将有两个月的假期。Twomonths’holiday.选A。2._____________fathersarebothscientists.10A.Jim’sandBobB.Jim’sandBob’sC.JimandBob’sD.JimandBob10解析：B。考查名词所有格的用法。句意：吉姆的爸爸和鲍勃的爸爸都是科学家。如果一样东西，两人共同拥有时，则只在后一名词后面加’s。如果不是共有的，则两个名词之后都要加’s.3.---Wherehaveyoubeen,Jim?---Ihavebeento_____________。10A.theHenryhouseB.theHenry’shouseC.Henry’sD.TheHenry’s10解析：C。考查名词所有格的用法。句意：我已经去了亨利的家。名词所有格后面跟表示住宅，学校，店铺等名词时，这些名词往往省去。习题操练Partone:将下列的中文翻译成英文101.教师节_____________2.学生的阅览室_____________3.Tom和Tim的教室_____________4.在理发店_____________5.我妈妈的手提包_____________6.课文的标题_____________7.房门的钥匙_____________8.中国地图_____________10Parttwo:根据汉语提示，用正确的单词形式填空。1.Excuseme,whichisthewaytothe__________________(儿童节)Hospital?2.---Isthereanythingimportantin__________________(今天)newspaper?----No,thereisnot.10\n1.----Whosearetheraincoats?----Theyarethey__________________(学生)2.Thisis__________________(Tom和Jerry)room.Don’tgetintoIt.3.JimandMikearegoodfriendsof__________________。（我）4._________________________________（你兄弟的那个小女儿）isveryclever.Partthree:完成句子1.你能告诉我这个问题的答案吗？Canyoutellme_____________________________________________?2.这是我同学的一个朋友。Thisis_____________________________________________.3.昨天，他给了我三则关于学习的建议。Yesterday,hegaveme____________________________________onstudy.4.汪先生现在正坐在医务所里。Mr.Wangissitting___________________________now.5.请不要在老师的办公室里说话。Pleasedon’tspeakinthe__________________.6.你必须步行20分钟的路程到那个火车站。Youhavetotakea__________________________tothestation.（四）中考备考演练Partone:写出下列名词的复数形式：1.pencil-box___________2.wife_______3.Sunday________4.city______5.dress_______6.Englishman________7.match_______8.Chinese________9.zoo________10.exam________11.German__________12.Ihavealotof________(作业)todoeveryday.13.His_______(裤子)arenew,butmineareold.14.Itisthebestoneofthe_________(照片)inmyfamily.15.Aretheybuildingany_______(图书馆)inthecity?16.Canyoucutthisbigpearintotwo_______(半)?17.Attheendof_______(八月),youmustgetreadyforthenewschoolyear.18.Treesareplantedinmostofthemountainv________.19.Ilikea_______.It’sneitherhotnorcold.20.T_______comesafterMonday.Parttwo:将下列词组翻译成英语101、一群孩子_________________2、两箱子苹果_________________10\n3、三篮子蔬菜_________________4、九块面包_________________5、十杯牛奶_________________6、五块肉_________________7、多种植物_________________8、一副眼镜_________________9、两块冰_________________10、三张纸_________________10Partthree:选择题1.June1stis____Dayallovertheworld.A.Child’sB.Childs’C.Children’sD.Childrens’2.September10this___DayinChina,isn’tit?A.Teacher’sB.Teachers’C.TeacherD.Teacherof3._____ismadeof_____.A.Glass;glassB.Aglass;glassC.Glasses;glassesD.Aglass;glasses4.Thisis_______news.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.sogoodaD.suchgood5.What______itis!Let’sgoswimming.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afinedayD.badweather6.TheylikeChinese_____.A.foodandpeoplesB.foodsandpeopleC.foodsandpeopleD.foodandpeople7.LucyandIgotoschool_____everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses8.–Arethose_____?-No,theyaren’t.They’re_____.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows9.Whatareyoulisteningto,Jane?____or____?A.amusic;anewsB.music;newsC.music;newsD.music;anewsHowmany____and____arethereinyourclass?A.boystudent;girlonesB.girlsstudents;boysonesC.boysstudent;girloneD.girlstudents;boyones11.Agroupof____aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenD.Germans;Frenchmans12.Thatbusdriverdranktwo_____.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsofteaD.cupoftea13.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof_______.A.Bob’smotherB.Bob’smother’sC.motherofBobD.Bobmother’s14.Thetallmanwithabignoseis_______teacher.A.TomandCarlB.Tom’sandCarl’sC.TomandCarl’s15.Thereis______treeinourschool.A.a8-metres-tallB.an-8-metre-tallC.an8metrestall10\nPartfour:看图写话：根据图示填上正确的词，每空只填一词。1．XiaoMingandXiaoFangarestudentsofNo.1MiddleSchool.LastFriday,  1  school,theywenthome  2  happily.2．Suddenly,theysawawallet(钱包)  3  ontheroad.XiaoFangpickeditup.3．Theythoughttheyshouldgiveit  4  totheowner(失主)ofthewallet.Andthey  5  theretillitwasdark.4．Theownerdidn'tcome,  6  theyhadtohanditintoapoliceman.5．The  7  morning,theheadmasterandtheownercametoXiaoFangandXiaoMing'sclassroom.6．Theownersaidlotsofthankstothemandoffered(送)aletterofthankstotheheadmaster.Theheadmasterpraised(表扬)themfor  8  theyhaddoneandcalledon(号召)the  9  studentsto  10 fromthem. Partfive:话题作文请根据所给信息，以MyFavoriteActivity为题，用3—4句话描述你最喜欢的户外运动。要求：1）必须回答以下问题；2）意思表达清晰，内容合理。问题：1.Whatisyourfavoriteactivity?(climbing)2.Whydoyoulikeit?(makepeoplestronger,studybetter)3.Whatareyougoingtodothissummervacation?(climbmountainswith…)MyFavoriteActivity________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10