阳江-初中英语知识---代词 12页

蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅膃莅蝿羈羅芁螈蚇膁膇莄螀羄膃莄羂艿蒂莃蚂肂莈莂螄芇芄莁袆肀腿莀罿袃蒈葿蚈聿莄蒈螁袁芀蒈袃肇芆蒇蚂袀膂蒆螅膅蒁蒅袇羈莇蒄罿膃芃蒃虿羆腿薂螁膂肅薂袄羅莃薁薃膀荿薀螆羃芅蕿袈芈膁薈羀肁蒀薇蚀袄莆薆螂聿节蚆袅袂膈蚅薄肈肄蚄蚆袁蒂蚃衿膆莈蚂羁罿芄蚁蚁膄膀蚀螃羇葿蚀袅阳江-初中英语知识第三章：代词㈠.课标考点解析1.代词要求掌握A.人称代词，物主代词的用法。B.指示代词以及其单复数的用法和区别。C.不定代词的用法D.反身代词的人称和数的变化E.正确运用关系代词和疑问代词的用法。F.代词it的用法。G.形容词修饰部分不定代词时的位置注：在正确运用各类代词的基础上，重点掌握形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词，不定代词和反身代词，并能在题干所提示的语境和逻辑关系中灵活运用。2.中考命题方向A.试题的热点：代词一直都是中学阶段考查学生的难点内容之一。对于代词的考查主要在不定代词，物主代词，反身代词和关系代词。B.试题的特点：代词在中考所占分数不是很多，一般情况下2--4分。题型多为填空题，选择题或完形填空或作文题等形式出现。C.试题的走向：代词，对于中学生来说，一直都是难点。预计中考命题的趋势将是在具体的情景交际中考查以上的各类代词的用法。3.考试策略点拨A.物主代词要分清楚形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。要掌握它们彼此之间的区别。形容词性物主代词只能做定语，后面加上名词共同使用。而名词性物主代词起名词的作用，后面不能接名词。相当于形容词性物主代词+名词。B.不定代词一直都是中考试题中的难点。所以考生一定要弄清楚不定代词所指的确切含义以及应用场合。C.重点掌握机组易混词以及常用的与反身代词搭配的短语结构。D.反身代词必须与被指代的人在人称和数上保持一致。（二）中考试题练习中考代词知识演练1.---Wehavefivekindsofschoolbags.Doyoulikethisone?---No,canyoushowme____________?12A.anotherB.eachotherC.theotherD.others122.____________he____________Susanswimverywell,fortheyhavebeentrainedsince12\nsevenyearsago.12A.either;orB.Neither;norC.Both;andD.Between;and122.---Whichdoyouprefer,redorblue?----____________,IthinkIlikeblock.12A.NoneB.NeitherC.BothD.Either123.Don’tyouthink____________importanttoprotectourearth?12A.thatB.howC.itD.this124.MissGreendidn’tthinkmuchtootherpeople.Therewasalways____________alittlesadabouther.12A.everythingB.anythingC.nothingD.something125.Ourclassroomisasbigas____________12A.ofthemB.theirC.theirsD.them12（三）考点解析和习题检测二：考点解析Ⅰ:人称代词在句中充当主语。（主格）I，you,he,she,you,we,they,it在句子中充当宾语，介词的宾语或表语。（宾格）Me,you,him,her,you,us,them,it典型例题：1.Theartteachersaid,”Paula,show____________,youroilpaintings.”12A.myB.IC.MeD.Mine12解析：C。考查宾格的用法。用在动词show后。V后面的代词要用宾格形式。2.____________isnecessarytogetonwellwithothers.12A.youB.ThatC.ItD.This12解析：C。考查代词的基本用法。句意：与他人友好相处是必要的。It作形式主语，后面的togetonwellwithothers,充当真正地主语。习题操练1．我热爱我们的国家。_________________________________________________________________________2．她是一名优秀的篮球运动员。_________________________________________________________________________12\n1．小明对他旁边的那个小女孩很感兴趣。她来自于加拿大。_________________________________________________________________________2．他的妈妈正在外面等他。_________________________________________________________________________3．不要怕他。其实，他很友好的。_________________________________________________________________________4．路上开车小心是十分重要的。________________________________________________________________________不能单独使用，只做定语。II:物主代词my,your,his,her,our,their,its,your形容词性物主代词→用来修饰后面的名词。能独立使用。后面不跟名词名词性物主代词→mine,your,his,hers,ours,yours,theirs,its相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。典型例题1.----MayIborrowyourcomputer?---Sorry,itisnot____________.ItisLily’s.12A.myB.mineC.herD.yours12解析：B。考查物主代词的用法。句意：对不起，它不是我的字典。是Lily的。空格填入mine=my+n=mycomputer.2.----Whosenotebookisthis?---ItbelongstoLily.Didn’tyousee____________nameonit?12A.sheB.herC.hersD.herself12解析：B。考查物主代词的用法。句意：你难道没有看见上面有她的名字吗？形容词性物主代词做name的定语。用来修饰名词。Ⅲ:不定代词→不指明任何特定名次的代词A.用于肯定句中Eg:Shehassomepencilsonthedesk.some→B.用于建议，要求，请求或希望对方做出肯定回答的疑问句中。12\n(1)Eg:Wouldyoulikesomemilk?A.用于否定句和疑问句中。Eg:Isthereanywaterinthefridge?any→B.用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”Eg:Anystudentwhowantstotakepartinthisgamewillwritedownyourname.A.many许多。后面加可数名词的复数形式⑵B．much许多。后面加不可数名词。A.afew+可数名词的复数形式→有些B.Alittle+不可数名词⑶C.Few+可数名词的复数形式→几乎没有+不可数名词D.little．A.other→其他的B．theother→one.....,theother…….（一个…….，另一个……）表示两者之间。⑷C．others→some…..,others…..(一些……，另一些…….)表示多者之间。D．another→另外，又，再E.theothers.其余，全部。Some…..,Some……,theothers…….12\nA.both：两者都both…..and…..B.Either：两者中的任意一个。⑸Either….or…..C.Neither：两者都不。对两者的否定。Neither….nor….A.all表肯定。三者或三者以上。全体，所有，一切。⑹B．none否定。没有人或没有什么东西做主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式均可。典型例题：1.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Thereare____________newwordsinit.12A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few12解析：D。考查不定代词的用法。句意：英语小说对于你来说很容易。里面几乎没有新单词。Few是几乎没有。修饰可数名词的复数形式。2．Thereis____________onchannel6.Pleasetrytofindit.12A.importantsomethingB.somethingimportantC.importantanythingD.anythingimportant12解析：B。考查不定代词的用法。第六频道有一些重要的事情。试着找一找。形容词修饰不定代词要后置。3．----Doyoulivebyyourself,MrWang?----Yes,Ihavetwosons.But____________ofthemliveswithme.TheyarenowstudyinginAmerica.12A.NeitherB.BothC.NoneD.Either12解析：A。考查不定代词的用法。句意:但是两个人都没有和我住在一起。Neither。表示两者之间的都不。4．Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.20aregirls.And____________areboys.12A.OthersB.TheothersC.AnotherD.Theother12\n解析：B。考查不定代词的用法。句意：在我们班有50名学生。20女生。其他的全部是男生。Theothers:其余的，剩下的。5．---Didyourparentsgotothefilmlastnight?---No,we____________stayedathomewatchingTV.12A.BothB.AllC.NoneD.Neither12解析：A。考查不定代词的用法。句意：不，我们都呆在家里看电视。Both,两者都。All,三者或三者以上都。Neither：两者否定。6.Don’tsittooclosetocomputerbecause____________lightcanharmyoureyes.12A.toomanyB.muchC.toomuchD.somany12解析：C。考查不定代词的用法。句意：不要坐电脑太近。因为光线能伤害你的眼睛。Light是不可数名词。排除A，D。muchtoo,译为”太“。Toomuch：太多。用来修饰不可数名词。习题操练Partone:把下列句子译成英语（选用括号内的不定代词）1.你昨晚吃得多吗？(much,many)_______________________________________________________________________________2.假如有人打电话来，告诉他，我不在。(anyone,someone)_______________________________________________________________________________3.我姐姐给我两张照片，一张是长城，另一张是上海浦东新区。(another,theother)_______________________________________________________________________________4.他们都来会议室，没一个迟到。(neither,none)_______________________________________________________________________________5.这个机器人展览会太精彩了，每个机器人都是学生们做的。(each,every)_______________________________________________________________________________6.这两部电影没一部是有趣的，它们都很乏味。(either,neither)_______________________________________________________________________________7.李奶奶没有米了，让我们给她买些。(little,alittle,some,any)_______________________________________________________________________________8.你想要吃些蛋糕吗？(some,any)_______________________________________________________________________________Ⅳ.反身代词表示某人自己。Myself,yourself,himself,herself,ourselves,themselves,yourselves,itself.典型例题：12\n1.ThedoctorsandnursesaredoingtheirbesttofightSARS.Theythinkmoreofothersthan____________.12A.theyB.themC.themselvesD.theirs.12解析：C。考查反身代词的用法。句意：医生和护士正在尽他们最大的能力来抗击SARS。他们考虑别人比考虑自己多。1.Help____________tosomedrinks,children!12A.youB.yourselfC.yourselvesD.your12解析：C。考查反身代词的用法。句意：孩子们，随便来电饮料吧！Helponeselftosth.请自便………习题操练1．他们上个星期玩得都很高兴。_________________________________________________________________________2．你最好亲自去问老师。_________________________________________________________________________3．没有人教他绘画。全部都是他自己画的。_________________________________________________________________________4．他本人就是一名医生。_________________________________________________________________________5．请随便吃点鱼吧_________________________________________________________________________6.我的奶奶总是喜欢自言自语。_________________________________________________________________________Ⅴ：指示代词用来指代事物或人的词语。this→指在时间和空间上距说话人相对较近的人或物。thesethat→指在时间和空间上距说话人相对较远的人或物。those典型例题：1．TheweatherinShanghaiisnotsocoldas________inBeijing12A.ThisB.ThatC.TheseD.Those12解析：B。句意：上海的天气没有北京那么冷。Weather是不可数名词，所以排除theseandthose.12\n用that来指代前面讲过的人或物。习题操练1.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassismorethan________inyourclass.2.TheseareChinesebooks.________areEnglishbooks.3.Citypeopleenjoylessspacethan________wholiveinthecountry.4.你不应该那样对待你的爷爷奶奶。_________________________________________________________________________5.---你是布莱克先生吗？---是的，你是谁？__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.他所说的就是那一点。_________________________________________________________________________Ⅵ:疑问代词who,whom(指人)whose,which（后面接人或物）what常用来指物典型例题：1．----areyoutalkingabout?----TheOlympicGamesinBeijing.12A.whatB.whomC.HowD.Where12解析：A。句意：你们正在谈什么。根据后面回答可知：北京奥运会。故选A。2．----isthepopulationofChina?---About1,300,000,000.12A.whereB.whoC.whatD.how12解析：C。句意：根据后面可知，是问中国人口有多少？在对于人口进行提问时，需要用what。习题操练：1．10年之后，他将要去哪里工作?_________________________________________________________________________2．十加二等于几？_________________________________________________________________________3．你最喜欢哪一项运动？_________________________________________________________________________12\n1．你能告诉我去中山公园的最近的一条路是哪里？_________________________________________________________________________2．关于怎样保护环境，你有什么看法？_________________________________________________________________________3．谁能帮助我解决环境问题？_________________________________________________________________________（四）课后巩固练习中考备考演练Partone:1.用适当的人称代词填空A.Can________help________?B.Yes.Er.Whatwould________like?C.________thinkIwouldlikeacupofcoffee.Whatabout________?B.Iwouldlikeabottleoforangejuice.Whataboutsomethingtoeat?C.Somebread,please!B.________wouldlikeacupofcoffee,abottleoforangejuiceandfourpiecesofbread,please.A.ok,here________are.2.用适当物主代词填空IamChinese.________nameisDoris.Thisisapictureof________athome.Ihavealovelycat.________nameiskitty.________fatherisaworker.________companyisfarawayfrommyhouse.________schoolisnearmyhome.________motherisadoctor.Shelikes________hospital.Theybothlike________work.Asforme,Ialsolove________family.3.用适当的不定代词填空：Alittleallneitherbothneitheranother1.—Pleasehelpyourselftothefruit.—Sorry,Ican’tnow,because______myhandsaredirty.2.—Ifailedtopassthetest.—______didshe.3.There’s_______letterforyou,Mary.4.______goeswell.______arehere.5.Idon’tlikethepairofshoes.Pleaseshow______pair.1.There’s______raininXi’anthesemonths.Banythingeachmanyeveryotherfewersomething1.How______newJapanesewordshaveyoulearnedthisterm?2.There’saredballintheboy’shandandanappleinhis_______hand.3.______childenjoysChristmas.They______havesomepresents.4.ShedidbetterthanI.Thereare______mistakesinhertestthaninmytest12\n1.Mum,Iamsohungry.Iwanttoeat______._______willdo.Parttwo:改正下列句子中的错误1.Allpupilwasaskedtowritedownhisnameonthebook.______________________2.Thefishwassodelicious.Ihadmanyfish.______________________3.Therearefivenewballpensoverthere.Pleasegivemetheredsome.___________________4.Theteachergaveeveryofherchildrenatoy.______________________5.Therearesomechairsoneverysideofthesmallriver.______________________6.Everyoneofuswasallowedtoasksomequestions.______________________7.NoneofmyparentsarePartymembers.______________________8.Neitherbatsismine.______________________9.MyauntisgoingtostayintheU.S.foranotherweeks.______________________10.Thebothchildrencanplaythepianowell.______________________Partthree:翻译下列句子1.在那些岁月里，人们很少做实验来验证他们的想法。______________________________________________________________________________2.四班的女孩子比三班的女孩子更活跃。______________________________________________________________________________3.真奇怪她昨天没有来。______________________________________________________________________________4.我们的教室在一楼，他们的教室在二楼。______________________________________________________________________________5.他业余时间自学英语。______________________________________________________________________________6.你能够在任何一家书店买到这本字典。______________________________________________________________________________7.老师希望所有的学生都取得更大的进步。______________________________________________________________________________8.这两个答案都不对。______________________________________________________________________________Partfour:选择题(   )1.TheweatherinsummerinWuhanishotterthan_______inBeijing.         A.one        B.it       C.that         D.this(   )2.---Howdoyouthinkaboutthefilm?         ---Sorry._______ofushaveseenit.          A.Some       B.Any      C.All          D.None(   )3.---Whichdoyoulikebetter,EnglishorChinese?         ---_______.Iprefermath.12\n         A.Either        B.Neither     C.Both        D.Noone(   )4.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink?         ---Itdoesn’tmatter._______willdo.        A.Something           B.Nothing        C.Everything        D.Anything(   )5.---ShallwemeetonSaturdayorSunday?         ---_______dayisOK.        A.Any          B.Either      C.Each        D.Every(   )6.---Isthisyourbook?         ---No,_______isinmybag.Perhapsit’s _______.         A.my,her             B.mine,hers        C.mine,her             D.my,hers(   )7.MrWangtaught_______Englishlastterm.         A.we        B.us       C.our         D.ours(   )8.Ihavetwobrothers._______isadoctor,______isasoldier.         A.One,theother      B.One,otherC.Theone,theother D.Theone,other(   )9.Hismotherdidthehouseworkallby_______.         A.her       B.she       C.hers    D.herself(   )10.Thispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme_______one.         A.other      B.others      C.another      D.theothers(   )11.Isthere_______intoday’snewspaper?          A.newanything     B.anythingnew     C.newsomething       D.neweverything(   )12.Ifound_______importanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.         A.it         B.that        C.its           D.which(   )13.---______areyougoingtovisitinBeijing?  ---WearegoingtovisittheSummerPalace.         A.Where         B.What       C.Why        D.When(   )14.Hewantedtoinvitethreeof_______---Tom,Mikeand_______tohisbirthdayparty.         A.we,I         B.us,me      C.us,I      D.we,me(   )15.Theyaretwins._______ofthemlikeEnglish.         A.Each         B.Both       C.All        D.Neither(   )16.Yoursonisoldenoughtolookafter_______.Youneedn’tworryabout_______.          A.him,him               B.himself,himself  C.himself,him  D.him,himself(   )17.Myfatherkeepssomewhitecowsandthreeblack_______.          A.one        B.ones       C.it      D.its(   )18.Thedesksinourclassroomarebiggerthan_______inyours.          A.them        B.those       C.ones        D.that(   )19.--- _______areyou?         ---Ah,it’sasecret.         A.How               B.Howmany    C.Howmuch       D.Howold(   )20._______sisterasks_______togotoschoolwith_______.         A.My,I,she               B.My,me,herC.I,my,she    D.I,me,herPartfive:将下列文章翻译成中文David'sDay12\nTodaywasSunday.Daviddon'tgotoschool.Hestayathomeandplayedthepianoonthemorning.Helikesplaythepianoverymuch.Heplayediteveryday,andhecanplayitverywell.Afterplayingpiano,hegoestoaswimingpoolat9o'clock.Swimmingisoneofhisfavoritesport.Afterswim,hegoestotheplaygroundtoplaythefootballwithhisfriends.Hehasawonderfulday.TodayisSunday.Daviddoesn'tgotoschool.Hestaysathomeandplaysthepianointhemorning.Helikesplayingthepianoverymuch.Heplaysiteveryday,andhecanplayitverywell.Afterplayingthepiano,hegoestoaswimmingpoolat9o'clock.Swimmingisoneofhisfavoritesports.Afterswimming,hegoestotheplaygroundtoplayfootballwithhisfriends.Hehasawonderfulday.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀蚆螄艿蒃薂袃莁蚈袁袂肁蒁螇袁芃蚇螃袀莅薀虿衿蒈莂羇袈膇薈袃袈芀莁蝿羇莂薆蚅羆肂荿薁羅膄薄羀羄莆莇袆羃葿蚃螂羃膈蒅蚈羂芁蚁薄羁莃蒄袂肀肃虿螈聿膅蒂蚄肈芇蚈薀肇葿蒀罿肇腿莃袅肆芁蕿螁肅莄莁蚇肄肃薇薃膃膆莀袂膂芈薅螈膁莀莈蚄膁膀薄蚀膀节蒆羈腿莅蚂袄膈蒇蒅螀膇膇蚀12