人教版初中英语语法归纳 19页

人教版初中英语语法归纳人教版初中英语语法归纳人教版初中英语语法归纳1(see、hear、notice、find、feel、listento、lookat(感官动词)+doeg:Ilikewatchingmonkeysjump2（比较级and比较级）表示越来越怎么样3apieceofcake=easy小菜一碟（容易）4agreewithsb赞成某人5allkindsof各种各样akindof一样6allovertheworld=thewholeworld整个世界7alongwith同……一道，伴随……eg:Iwillgoalongwithyou我将和你一起去thestudentsplantedtreesalongwiththeirteachers学生同老师们一起种树8Assoonas一怎么样就怎么样9asyoucansee你是知道的10askfor……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）eg:askyouformybook11asksbforsth向某人什么12asksbtodosth询问某人某事asksbnottodo叫某人不要做某事13attheageof在……岁时eg：IamsixteenIamattheageofsixteen14atthebeginningof…………的起初；……的开始15attheendof+地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg:Attheendoftheday16atthistimeofyear在每年的这个时候17be/feelconfidentofsth/thatclause+从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信eg:Iam/feelconfidentofmyspokenEnglishIfeelthatIcanpassthetest18be+doing表：1现在进行时2将来时19beableto(+v原)=can(+v原）能够……eg:SheisabletosingShecansing20beabletodosth能够干什么eg:sheisabletosing21beafraidtodo(ofsth恐惧，害怕……eg:I"mafraedtogooutatnightI"mafraidofdog22beallowedtodo被允许做什么\neg:I"mallowedtowatchTV我被允许看电视IshouldbeallowedtowatchTV我应该被允许看电视23beangrywithsb生某人的气eg:Don"tbeangrywithme24beangrywith(at)sbfordoingsth为什么而生某人的气25beas…原级…as和什么一样eg:Sheisastallasme她和我一样高26beashamedto27beawayfrom远离28beawayfrom从……离开29bebadfor对什么有害eg:Readingbooksinthesunisbadforyoureyes在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30beborn出生于31bebusydoingsth忙于做什么事bebusywithsth忙于……32becareful当心；小心33bedifferentfrom……和什么不一样34befamousfor以……著名35befriendlytosb对某人友好36befrom=comefrom来自eg：HeisfromBejingHecomesfromBejingIshefromBejing?DoeshecomefromBejing?37befullof装满……的befilledwith充满eg:theglassisfullofwatertheglassisfilledwithwater38beglad+to+do/从句39begoingto+v(原）将来时40begoodat(+doing)=dowellin在某方面善长,善于……41begoodfor对什么有好处eg:ReadingaloudisgoodforyourEnglish42behappytodo很高兴做某事43behelpfultosb对某人有好处eg:Readingaloudishelpfultoyou大声朗读对你有好处Exercisingishelpfultoyourbady锻炼对你的身体有好处44beingoodhealth身体健康45beintrouble处于困难中eg:SheisintroubleTheyareintronble46beinterestedin对某方面感兴趣47belatefor=comelateto迟到eg:Belateforclass上课迟到48belike像……eg:I"mlikemymother49bemadat生某人的气\n50bemadefrom由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)51bemadeof由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)52benotsure表不确定53beonavisitto参观54bepopularwithsb受某人欢迎55bequiet安静56beshortfor表**的缩写eg:陶isshortfor陶俊杰57besickinbed生病在床58besorrytodosthbesorryforsbeg:Iamsorryforyou59besorrytohearthat60besorrytotroublesbeg:Iamsorrytotroubleyou61bestrictindoingsth严于做某事eg:He"sstrictinobeyingnoles62bestrictwithsb对某人要求严格eg:Somestudentsarenotstrictwiththemselves这些学生对自己不严格63bestrictwithsbinsth某方面对某人严格64besupposedtodo被要求干什么65besure表确定66besureofdoingsth对做某事有信心eg:HeissureofwinningIamsureoflearningEnglishwell67besureofsth对做某事有信心eg:I"msureofmyhead(myteacher我相信我的大脑（老师）68besurethatsth对做某事有信心eg:I"msuerthathecanpassthetest我相信他能通过考试69besuretodosth一定会做某事eg:Wearesuretopassthetest我们一定会通过这次考试WearesuretolearnEnglishwell我们一定能学好英语70beterrifiedof+名/动doing害怕……71beterrifiedtodosth害怕做某事72bethesameas…和什么一样73beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事eg:Myfatherisusedtogettingupearly我爸爸习惯早Heisusedtosleepinginclass他习惯上课睡觉74beworthdoing值得做什么75be(feel)afraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofsth害怕某物beafraidthat丛句76because+句子becauseof+短语\neg:HewaslatebecausehehadaheadacheHewaslatebecauseofhisheadache77begintodo=starttodo开始做某事start…with…=begin…with…以什么开始什么eg:Let"sbeginthegamewiththesongIbegintogohome78between…and…两者之间79borrowsthfromsb向……借……lendsthtosb(lendsbsth借给……什么东西eg:Iborrowedapenfromhimhelentapentome(helentmeapen80both=thesame(as)=notdifferent(from)表相同81bother打扰bothersbtodostheg:I"msorrytobotheryou,butcanyoutellmetowaytothestation我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站theproblemhasbeenbotheringmeforweeks这个问题困扰了我几个周了He"sbotheringmetolendhimmoney82bytheendof到……为止83callsbstheg:Wecallhimoldwang84care关心eg:Don"tyoucareaboutthiscountry"sfuture?你为什么不关心国家的未来85catchupwithsb赶上某人86chatwithsb和某人闲谈takesbto+地点带某人去某地87comein进88comeoverto过来89comeupwith提出eg:Canyoucomeupwithagoodidea你能想出一个好办法吗？90communicatewithsb和某人交流91consider+doing考虑做什么eg:Whynotconsidergoingtoluzhou为什么不考虑去泸州？92danceto随着……跳舞eg:Shelikesdancingtothemusic她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93decidetodosth决定做某事94doasurveyof做某方面的调查95dobetterin在……方面做得更好96dowrong做错97Don"tforgettodosth不要忘了做某事98Don"tmind+doing/从句/名词不要介意……\n99each+名（单）每一个…eg:Eachstudenthasmanybooks每一个学生都有一些书100endup+doing101enjoy+doing喜欢102escapefrom从……逃跑eg:Theprisonershaveescapedfromtheprison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来103expecttodosth期待做某事104falldown摔下来falloff从哪摔下来105fallinlovewithsb/sth爱上什么106farfrom离某地远eg:Theschoolisfarfrommyhome107find+it+adj+todo发现做某事怎么样108findsb/sth+adj发现什么怎么样eg:Ifindthebookinteresting109finish完成+doing（名词）110fittosb=befitforsb适合某人111forgettodo没有做而忘了forgetdoing做了而又忘了eg:Don"tforgettogohomeIforgetclosingdoor112from…to…从某某到某某eg:Frommeforher113get/havesthdown做完，被（别人）做…eg:Ihavemyhaircut我理了发(头发被剪了）Tomgothisbadtoothpulledout汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114getapart-timejob=findapart-timejob115getalongwellwithsb=getonwellwithsb与某人相处得好116getalongwithsb=getonwithsb与某人相处117getreadyfor=bereadyfor为什么而准备eg:IgetreadyformathIamreadyformath118getsbintotrouble给某人麻119getsbtodosth120get…from…从某处得到某物121giveatalk做报告eg:Heisgiveatall122givesthtosbgivesbsth给某人某物123gofish钓鱼goswimming游泳124goontodo去做下一件事goondoing继续做这件事125gooutawayfromgooutof126gotoschool上学（用于专业的）gototheschool去学校（不一定是上学）127goodwayto好方法128hatetodo讨厌没做过的事hatedoing讨厌做过的事129haveapartyforsb举办谁的晚会130haveatalk听报告谈一谈131havebeendoing现在完成进行时eg:YouhavebeentalkingYouhavebeensleepingsince\n132havebeento…(地方）……去过某过地方havegoneto…（地方）去了某地还没回来133havefun+doing玩得高兴134havesthtodo有什么事要做eg:Ihavealotofhomeworktodo我有很多家庭作业要做Ihavenothingtodo我没什么事情做135havetodosth必须做某事136havetrouble(problem)(in)doingsth做什么事情有麻烦137have…time+doing138have…(时间)…off放……假eg:Ihavemonthoff我请一个月得假139hearsb+do/doing听见某人做某事/正在做某事140helpalot很大用处141helpsbwithsth\\one"ssth帮助某人某事（某方面）helpsb(to)dosth帮助某人做某事142hopetodosth希望做某事143Howabout(+doing)=Whatabout(+doing)144howdoyoulike=whatdoyouthinkof你对什么的看法145if:是否＝wethereg:Idon"tknowif(wether)Ishouldgototheparty我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会Hedon"tknowif(wether)wewillarriveontimetomorrowmorning他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146if:如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句eg:I"llgotoLuZhouifitdoes"train假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州Iftheychangetheplantheywillletmeknow假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的I"llgotoEngland,ifIhaveenoughmoneynextyear如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国147inone"sopinion=sbthink某人认为148insomeways在某些方面149intheend=finally(adv)最后\n150inthenorthof…什么在什么的北方（north北sowth南west西east东）扩展阅读：人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳人教版新目标初中英语语法分类归纳(一)形容词和副词I.要点A.形容词1、形容词的用法形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：Heishonestandhardworking.Ifoundthebookinteresting.某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如：thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.2、形容词比较等级的形式(1)规则形式一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;--est来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,most.如：great-greater-greatestbusy-busier-busiestimportant-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant(2)不规则形式good(well)-better-bestbad(ill)-worse-worstmany(much)-more-mostlittle-less-least(3)形容词比较等级的用法①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than.如：Heisclevererthantheotherboys.Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.②表示两者以上的比较，用"the+形容词最高级(+名词)+of(in)…"如：Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.\n③表示两者是同等程度，用"as+形容词原级+as".如：HeisastallasI.Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.④越…越…例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.那一天是最令我担心的一天。Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。⑦MyEnglishisnobetterthanyours.我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。B.副词1、副词的种类(1)时间副词如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,tomorrow等(2)地点副词如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,back,away,outside等。(3)方式副词如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,politely,nervously等。(4)程度副词如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,hardly,so,very等。2、副词比较等级的用法其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.Wemustworkharder.3、某些副词在用法上的区别(1)already,yet,stillalready表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：We’vealreadywatchedthatfilm.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.(2)too,aswell,also,either\ntoo,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和aswell多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：Hewenttheretoo.Hedidn’tgothereeither.Ilikeyouaswell.Ialsowentthere.(3)hard,hardlyhardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：Iworkhardeveryday.Icanhardlyrememberthat.(4)late,latelylately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：Henevercomeslate.Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?例1Tom’sfatherthinksheisalready____AhighenoughBtallenoughCenoughhighCenoughtall解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。例2____theworseIseemtobe.AWhenItakemoremedicineBThemoremedicineItakeCTakingmoreofthemedicineDMoremedicinetaken解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+…,the+形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。例3"Ihaven’tbeentoLondonyet"."Ihaven’tbeenthere____".AtooBalsoCeitherDneither解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。例4MrSmithwas____movedatthenews.AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply解析：该题正确答案为B。A.deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如digdeep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。中考英语语法难点大全之二：介词(二)介词I.要点1、介词和种类\n(1)简单介词，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for,to,without等。(2)复合介词，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,insteadof等。2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系(1)和动词的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakawayfrom,careabout等。(2)和形容词的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,goodat(3)和名词的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visitto等.3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right,just,badly,all,well,directly,completely等少数几个副词。如：Hecamerightafterdinner.Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.4、某些介词的意义与用法举例(1)at,on,in(表时间)表示时间点用at,如atfouro’clock,atmidnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptemberlst等。指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,inSummer,in1999等。(2)between,among(表位置)between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between,如I’msittingbetweenTomandAlice.Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：Heisthebestamongthestudents.(3)beside,besidesbeside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：Hesatbesideme.Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?(4)inthetree,onthetreeinthetree指动物或人在树上，而onthetree指果实、树叶长在树上(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthiswayontheway指在路上intheway指挡道\nbytheway指顺便问一句inthisway用这样的方法(6)inthecorner,atthecornerinthecorner指在拐角内atthecorner指在拐角外(7)inthemorning,onthemorninginthemorning是一般说法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨(8)bybus,onthebusbybus是一般说法onthebus特指乘某一辆车II.例题例1Doyouknowanyotherforeignlanguage____English?AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides,意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？例2Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.AonBatCinDduring解析：我们均知道，atnight这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。例3I’mlookingforward____yourletter.AtoBinCatDon解析：该题正确答案为A。lookforwardto为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。中考英语语法难点大全之三：连词(三)连词I.要点1、连词的种类(1)并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and,for,or,both…and,either…or,neither…nor等。(2)从属连词用来引导从句，如that,if,whether,when,after,assoonas等。除了从属连词(引导状语从句)外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词(引导名词性从句)，关系代词和关系副词(引导定语从句)。2、常用连词举例(1)and和，并且Theydrankandsangallnight.(2)both…and和，既…也…BothmyparentsandIwentthere.(3)but但是，而\nI’msad,butheishappy.(4)either…or或…或…，要么…要么…Eitheryou’rewrong,orIam.(5)for因为Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.(6)however然而，可是Affirst,hedidn’twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.(7)neither…nor既不…也不Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.(8)notonly…but(also)不但…而且…Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.(9)or或者，否则Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.Areyouaworkeroradoctor?(10)so因此，所以It’sgettinglate,soImustgo.(11)although虽然Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.(12)assoonas一…就I’lltellhimassoonasIseehim.(13)because因为Hedidn’tgotoschool,becausehewasill.(14)unless除非，如果不Iwon’tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.(15)until直到…Hedidn’tleaveuntileleven.(瞬间动词用于not…until结构)Hestayedthereuntileleven.(16)while当…时候，而(表示对比)WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine.(while后不可用瞬间动词)Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.(17)for因为Hewasill,forhedidn’tcome.(结论是推断出来的)(18)since自从…Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.(19)hardly…when一…就Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.(20)asfaras就…来说AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.\nYoumaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)II.例题例1Johnplaysfootball____,ifnotbetterthan,David.AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。和…一样好为aswellas.故该题正确答案为B。例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,____,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffee____shallwegetdowntobusinessrightaway?A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。中考英语语法难点大全之四：动词时态和语态(四)动词时态、语态I.要点1、一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes,always,often,everyday等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.(2)表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：Theearthgoesroundthesun.2、现在进行时(1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now,atpresent等时间状语连用。如：Whatareyoudoingnow?(2)和always,continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.3、现在完成时主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just,already,sofar,once,never等词连用。如:HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?4、一般将来时\n表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow,nextyear等连用。如：I’llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.We’regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.5、一般过去时表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等词连用。如：Ithappenedmanyyearsago.6、过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?7、过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.8、一般过去将来时表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn’t.9、被动语态被动语态的时态，以give为例。时／式一般进行完成现在amisgivenareamisbeingarehasbeengivenhave过去wasgivenwerewasbeinggivenwerehadbeengiven将来shallbegivenwillshallhavebeengivenwill过去将来shouldbegivenwouldshouldhavebeengivenwouldII.例题例1Ilearnedthatherfather____in1950.AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead解析：该题正确答案为B。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in1950,所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。例2Thefive-year-oldgirl____byherparents.AislookedBhaslookedforCisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked解析：该题正确答案为C。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。中考英语语法难点大全之五：动词虚拟语气(五)动词虚拟语气I.要点\n表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。1、虚拟语气的构成注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had,should,could有时可将if省去,但要倒装。如：Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.2、虚拟语气在各种从句的应用(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省)＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。句型一：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that…句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that…句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that…如：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.(2)在宾语从句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.(3)在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.(4)在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.(5)在Itistimethat…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或"should＋动词原形",should不可省。如：It’stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.II.例题\n例1Wehadhopedthathe____longer.AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay解析：该题正确答案为D。hadhoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气例2"Marywantstoseeyoutoday"."Iwouldrathershe____tomorrowthantoday."AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome解析：该题正确答案为B。wouldrather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。例3Hadshebeenolder,she____itbetter.AhaddoneBmighthavedoneCmightdoDwoulddo解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故该题正确答案为B。(六)短语动词I.要点英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：(1)动词＋介词常见的有lookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,hearof(from),addto,leadto等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：Don’tlaughatothers.Ididn’tcareaboutit.(2)动词＋副词常见的有giveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You’llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.Pleasedon’tforgettohanditin.(3)动词＋副词＋介词常见的有lookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,catchupwith等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.\nAfterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.(4)动词＋名词＋介词常见的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.(5)动词＋形容词常见的有leaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：Theprisonersweresetfree.Hecutitopen.(6)动词＋名词常见的有takeplace,makefriends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.(7)辨析giveaway(让给，暴露)和giveup(放弃，停止)putaway(放起，收起)和putout(扑灭)turnup(出席，放大)和turnon(打开)keepout(阻止)和keepoff(不让靠近)makeup(编造，补上)和makeout(辨认)takeoff(脱，起飞)和takeout(拿出)II.例题例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney____foroldage.AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup解析：该题正确答案为A。意为"存"；keepup意为"继续"；giveaway意为"分发"；layup"贮藏"。例2Here’smycard.Let’skeepin____.AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship解析：该题正确答案为A.keepintouch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。例3____!There’satraincoming.ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon解析：该题选A.lookout意为"小心"。中考英语语法难点大全之七：动词不定式(七)动词不定式I.要点1、不定式的形式。以动词write为例。式｜语态主动语态被动语态一般式towritetobewritten\n完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten进行式tobewriting完成进行式tohavebeenwriting2、不定式的句法功能(1)作主语Tohearfromyouisnice.Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It’snicetohearfromyou.It’snoteasytobeagoodteacher.(2)作宾语通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等词后。如：Iforgottolockthedoor.Pleaseremembertowritetome.(3)作表语Myjobistopickupletters.Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.(4)作定语不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：Ihavetwoletterstowrite.Ihavealotofworktodo.(5)作宾补通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,cause,force等词后。如：Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.(6)作状语Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.(7)作独立成分Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.(8)"疑问词＋不定式"结构。如：Idon’tknowhowtochoosethem.Icannotdecidewheretogo.(9)不定式的否定式。如：Idecidednottogo.(10)不定式的完成式。如：HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.(11)too…to结构。如：\nHewastooexcitedtogotosleep.Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高兴了，乐意去)(12)主动表被动。如：Thebookiseasytoread.Ihaveabooktoread.II.例题例1Ihaven’tgotachair____.AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting解析：该题选C。不定式tositon在句中作定语，修饰名词chair.因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。例2Hewasmade____.AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo解析：该题选D。makesb.dosth.如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。例3Anewfactoryis____verysoon.AtobebuiltBbuiltCtobuildDtobuilding解析：该题选A。istobebuilt意为"将要被建"。友情提示：本文中关于《人教版初中英语语法归纳》给出的范例仅供您参考拓展思维使用，人教版初中英语语法归纳：该篇文章建议您自主创作。