初中英语重要句型及语法 8页

精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除初中英语重要句型及语法1．wanttodosth.=wouldliketodosth=feellikedoingsth想做某事wantsbtodosth.=wouldlikesbtodosth想要某人做某事2．enjoydoingsth.=likedongsth=lovedongsth喜欢做某事（习惯，爱好）liketodosth喜欢去做某事（具体某一次）3．holdontodosth.继续做某事goondoingsth.继续做某事continuedoingsth.继续做某事considerdoingsth.考虑做某事giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事can’thelpdoingsth.忍不住做某事practicedoingsth.练习做某事finishdoingsth.完成某事have/has/hadfundoingsth.某事很快乐haveexperiencedoing在做某事有经验begindoingsth开始做某事startdoingsth开始做某事spendtimedoingsth.花时间做某事bebusydoingsth.忙着做某事makealivingdoingsth.以……谋生.haveadifficulttimedoingsth.做…….难haveaproblemdoingsth.做…….难havetroubledoingsth.做…….难keepondoingsth.=keepsb.doingsth.不停地做某事4．begoodatdoingsth擅长于做某事dowellindoingsth擅长于做某事thankyoufordoingsth感谢做某事thanksfordoingsth感谢做某事beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事beusedtodoingsth习惯做某事howaboutdoingsth做某事怎样whataboutdoingsth做某事怎样putoffdoingsth推迟做某事takeprideindoingsth.以……为自豪bydoingsth通过做某事beafraidtodosth害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth害怕做某事beterrifiedofdoingsth.害怕做某事5．bedoingsth.正在做某事（现在进行时或过去进行时，也可以表示将来时）【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除begoingtodosth=willdosth=shalldosth=wanttodosth打算做某事（将来时）have/hasdonesth做过某事(现在完成时)have/hasbeendoingsth一直做某事（现在完成进行时）have/hasbeenin一直在某地have/hasbeento曾经去过某地（已回来，强调有这个经历）have/hasgoneto已经去某地了（人不在这里）6．remembertodosth记得去做某事（没做）rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事（已做）forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（没做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事（已做）stoptodosth停下来去做某事stopdoingsth停止做某事7．asksb.aboutsth.向某人询问某事asksb.forsth.向某人询求某物8．whynotdosth为什么不做某事whydon’tyoudosth为什么不做某事9．Dosth,please=pleasedosth请做某事pleasenotdosth请不要做某事Don’tdosth,please请不要做某事hadbetterdosth最好做某事hadbetternotdosth最好不做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事mindnotdoingsth.介意不做某事decidetodosth.决定做某事decidenottodosth.决定不做某事plantodosth计划做某事plannottodosth计划不做某事makesb.dosth.使某人做某事makesb.notdosth.使某人不做某事asksb.todosth叫某人做某事asksb.nottodosth叫某人不要做某事tellsb.todosth叫某人做某事tellsb.nottodosth叫某人不要做某事trytodosth.努力做某事trynottodosth.努力不做某事Letsbdosth让某人做某事Letsbnotdosth让某人不做某事expectsb.todosth期望某人做某事bewillingtodosth.愿意做某事【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除11.agreesb.todosth.同意某人做某事invitesb.todosth邀请某人做某事hopetodosth希望做某事needtodosth.需要做某事12.helpsbdosth=helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事13.findsbdosth发现某人做过某事(已做)findsbdoingsth发现某人正做某事seesbdosth看见某人做过某事(已做)seesbdoingsth看见某人正做某事watchsbdosth看见某人做过某事(已做)watchsbdoingsth看见某人正做某事hearsbdosth听见某人做过某事(已做)hearsbdoingsth听见某人正做某事14.It’s+形容词+todosth.=Todosthis+形容词做……是……..的15.doingsth.takessb.Sometime/money做某事花某人一些时间或钱=Ittakessb.sometime/moneytodosth.做某事花费某人一些时间或钱=sb.spendssometime/money(onsth.)某人花费某些时间或钱在某事上=sb.spendssometime/money(in)doingsth.某人花费某些时间或钱做某事=sth.costssb.sometime/money某事花了某人一些时间或钱=sb.paysomemoneyforsth.某人为某物花了一些钱15.prefersb./sth.更喜欢某人/某物preferdoingsth.更喜欢做某事(爱好)prefertodosth.更喜欢去做某事(具体某一次)prefersb.todosth.更喜欢某人做某事preferdoingsthtodoingsth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.更喜欢去做某事而不做某事.dosthratherthandosth做某事而不做某事或做某事胜于做某事16．anumberof=many许多thenumberof….的数量，谓语是单数oneof+复数名词或代词表示“……之一”18．becauseof+词/短语because+句子19．borrowsth.fromsb.向某人借某物(借入)lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosb.借给某人某物(借出)givesthtosb把某物给某人=givesbsth给某人某物20．beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth被用于做某事usedtodosth过去常做某事【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除21．makeacontributiontodoingsth.为..做贡献lookforwardtodoingsth.期盼做某事22．what+(a/an)+形＋名＋（主语＋谓语）！how+形＋（主语＋谓语）！Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!她是个多么漂亮的姑娘！Whatbadweatheritis!真糟糕的天气！Howdeliciousthefoodis!好美味的食物！23．toomuch+名词，表示“太多……”muchtoo+形容词或副词，表示“太……”24．open—open打开—开着的　sleep—asleep睡觉—睡着的close—closed关闭—关着的wake—awake醒来—醒着的cross—across动词—介词25．infrontof在物体内部的前面inthefrontof在物体外部的前面26．inthetree外来物在树上onthetree树本身物在树上27．hundred,thousand,million在具体数字前不能加s，表示概数时：hundredsof数百，thousandsof数千,millionsof数万。28．完成时常和already已经,ever曾经,never从不,just刚刚,before之前,yet还,sofar到目前为止,thesedays目前,since自从,for达，计等词连用。结构是“have/hasdonesth”或“have/hasbeendoingsth”29.since+时间点，常和ago连用，for+一段时间，不能和ago连用，动词必须是延续性的如:keep或be+形容词等，注意：buy,borrow,lend,leave,die等是短暂性动词30．too+形容词或副词+todosth,表示“太……而不能……”so+形容词或副词+that+从句，表示“如此……以至于…….”31．except除了……（减去后者）besides除了……（加上后者）32．含有否定意义的单词有：no没有,never从不,nothing没事,nobody没人,none没事/没人,hardly几乎不,few很少，几乎没有,little很少，几乎没有。33．everyone,everything,something,anything,somebody,anybody等是不定代词，不定代词做主语时，谓语用第三人称单数形式。动名词做主语时，谓语也用第三人称单数形式。34．形/副+enough，如：bigenough,busyenough不定代词+形/副，如：somethingdifferent,anythingwrong35.“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”36．比较级前面常用much,even,alittle,far来修饰,绝不能用more来修饰.37.be+动词ing，表示进行时或将来时。【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除be+动词过去分词，表示被动语态，由by引出动作执行者.38．主句是一般过去式，从句也要用一般过去时，但从句是客观真理时要用一般现在时。从句要用陈述句语序。39．whether……ornot是否40．if是否if如果，引导条件状语从句时：主将从现，从现主将。（从句主语是第三人称单数时，动词要加s或es）40.表达与现在事实相反获与将来事实相反的时候用虚拟语气.从句:If+主语+动词的过去式(be的过去式一律用were)。主句:主语+would+动词原型。41．also,both,all要放在be后，行为动词前。如:WeareallChinese,WealllikeChina.我们都是中国人，我们爱中国。42．形容词通常放在be,keep,sound,look,feel，的后面,副词修饰动词，放在动词的后面,如：Theproblemiseasy,Icandoiteasily.以下是形容词变为副词：good—welllucky—luckilyclear—clearlyalone—lonelyhappy—happilybad—badlyfriendly—friendlilypolite—politelyquick—quicklyslow—slowlyespecial—especiallyeasy—easilycareful—carefullynear—nearlysusessful—susessfullyloud—loudly43.so+主语+助动词,表示“…..确实如此”44.Me,too=so+助动词+主语，用于肯定句,表示“…..也是”Meneither=Neither+助动词+主语=主语+助动词否定式,either,用于否定句.如：IamChinese,Me,too=soamIIamnotJapanese,Meneither=NeitheramI=Iamnot,either.44.therebe某地有某物have/has某人有某物therewillbe=thereisgoingtobe将会有45.when+动词过去式(短暂性动词)while+be+动词ing(延续性动词)46.some和something用于肯定句或表示请求的疑问句，希望得到肯定的回答。any和anything用于否定句和疑问句。47.基数词—序数词：one—firsttwo—secondthree—thirdfive—fifthtwelve—twelftheight—eighthnine—ninthtwenty—twentieth48.星期：Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday月份：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December.49.季节:spring,summer,autumn,winter.50.good/well—better—best好—更好—最好bad/badly—worse—worst糟糕—更糟糕—最糟糕many/much—more—most多—更多—最多【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除far—farther/further—farthest/furthest远—更远—最远little—less—least+不可数名词,少—更少—最少few—fewer—fewest+可数名词复数,少—更少—最少51.一般疑问句常以am/is—was,are—were,can—could,do/does—didwill—would,must—must,shall—should,have/has—had开头，用yes或no回答.其否定式是：isn’t—wasn’taren’t—weren’tdon’t/doesn’t—didn’tcan’t—couldn’twon’t—wouldn’thaven’t/hasn’t—hadn’tmust—mustn’tshould—shouldn’t注意：must开头的疑问句不能用mustn’t回答，而用needn’t来回答。52．选择疑问句用or连接，选择其中一个回答。53.特殊疑问句以疑问词开头:what什么？where在哪里？when什么时候？whattime几点？Why为什么？how怎样？howold几岁？howmany多少？howmuch多少？howoften多久时间一次howlong多久？（用for+一段时间回答）howsoon多快（用in+一段时间回答）,特殊疑问句根据具体情况回答.还有whatcolor什么颜色？whatsize?什么尺寸？whatsubject什么科目？whatdoyouthinkof…..?=howdoyoulike……?你认为……怎么样？What’stheweather?=how’stheweatherlike?天气如何？54.drive—driverteach—teacherread—readerplay—playerwrite—writerlisten—listenersing—singerdance—dancerinvent—inventorvisit—visitoract—actorcook—cook55.wind—windysun—sunnycloud—cloudysnow—snowyrain—rainy56.China—ChineseJapan—JapaneseAmerica—AmericanCanada—CanadianAustralia—Australian57.Asia—AsianEurope—European58.people—peopleChinese—ChineseAmerican—Americanssheep—sheepfoot—feettooth—teethchild—childrenman—menwoman—womentomato—tomatoespotato—potatoeshero—heroesNegro—Negroesleaf—leaveslife—livesthief—thievesknife—knivesshelf—shelvesself—selveswife—wiveswolf—wolves59.invent(发明)—invention(发明)—inventor(发明家)care(小心)—careful(小心的)—carefully(小心地)operate(手术)—operation(手术)help—helpful(有帮助的)friend(朋友)—friendly(友好的)happy(高兴的)—unhappy(不高兴的)usual(平常的)—unusual(不平常的)like(喜欢)—unlike(不喜欢)60.something,anything,somewhere,everyone,everything,each等是不定代词，不定代词要放在形容词前面，如：somewhereinteresting(某个有趣的地方)somethingwrong（一些毛病）不定代词做主语时，谓语要用第三人称单数形式。如：Everyoneinourclasslikesjunkfoodverymuch.61.代词(pron.)【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除第一人称单数第二人称单数和复数第三人称单数（三单）第一人称复数第三人称复数人称代词我你/你们他她它我们他们主格Iyouhesheitwethey宾格meyouhimheritusthem物主代词我的你的/你们的他的她的它的我们的他们的形容词性myyourhisheritsourtheir名词词性mineyourshishersitsourstheirs反身代词myselfyourself/yourselveshimselfherselfitselfourselvesthemselves注：（1）代词要放在短语中间，如：pickitup不能说pickupit。（2）主格做主语（动作的执行者），宾格做宾语（动作的承受行者）。（3）形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词（4）helpyourself随便吃……如:Helpyourselftosomefruit.（5）enjoyoneself过得开心.如:Theyenjoythemselves.（6）byoneself单独地,孤独地.如:Ifinishmyhomeworkbymyself.(7)learn…..byoneself自习62.动+ing形式可以做主语，注意：谓语要用第三人称单数形式。如：Eatingmorefruitsandvegetablesisgoodforourhealth.63.also要放在be后，行为动词前。(both,all也一样)64.bemadeof用….制成(能看出原材料)bemadefrom用…制成(看不出原材料)65.suchas举例（2个或2个以上对象）forexample举例（只有一个对象）66.You’rewelcome=Notatall不用谢，别客气。That’sallright=That’sOK=It’smypleasure不用谢，别客气。67.That’sright对！That’swrong错！Allright=Ok行！好的！68.Thankyouallthesame=Thankyouanyway依然谢谢！还是谢谢。69.I’msorrytohearthat,听了很难过，很抱歉，很遗憾。70.Itdoesn’tmatter.没关系。I’msureyouwill.我相信你会。I’mafraidIcan’t.恐怕我不能。I’mafraidnot.恐怕不会。It’shardtosay.很难说。I’mnotsure.我没确定。I’vnoidea.我没拿定注意。Ithinkso.我认为这样。Congratulations!祝贺你！Idon’tthinkso.我不认为。Welldone!干得好！Idon’tcare我不介意。Nohurry不着急。Nevermind不介意。71.home,here,there是副词，前面不能有任何介词，如:gohome回家，【精品文档】第8页\n精品文档，仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除gethome到家，comehere来这,gothere去那里,overthere在那边.71.onone’swayhome在某人回家的路上。ontheway在路上。intheway从某方面说。bytheway顺便说说。72.分数的构成：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母要加s，如：2/3:twothirds,1/4:onefourth,3/4：threefourths或threequarters,1/2:onesecond或ahalf,5/7:fivesevenths.73.reach到达.getto到达.(gethome/here/there)arrivein到达大的地方.arriveat到达小的地方.74.one…theother…一个…另一个…Some...others...一些...另一些…75.tired累的tiring令人疲惫的bored讨厌的boring令人厌烦/讨厌的excited兴奋的exciting令人兴奋/激动的amazed惊讶的amazing令人惊讶的relaxed放松的relaxing令人放松的interested感兴趣的interesting令人感兴趣的76．介词的分类1).表示时间的介词：at在…时，on在…时，in在…后，about大约，around大约，round大约，since自从，for长达，between…and…在…和…之间，from…to…从…到….2).表示空间的介词：at在…，around在…周围，round在…周围，on在…上，above在…上方，below在…下方，in在…里，out在…外，under在…正下方，over在…正上方。3).表示方位的介词：In在…里，outof从…出来，though穿过,past穿过，across穿过，behind在…后面，opposite在…对面，up在高处。4).表示手段.施动者的介词：with用，by用，in用。5).表示其他含义的介词：of具有…性质的，with带有…，without没有…except除了…(减去)，besides包括….在内（加上），77.介词短语:intheend最后inpublic在公共场所workhard努力学习attheendof在…的末尾ask…forhelp向某人求助breakoff中断bytheendof到…为止makemistakes犯错误plentyof许多inclass在课堂上laughatsb嘲笑某人beimpressed被打动了eventhough=evenif尽管apieceof一片/块/张anoceanof许多takethetest参加考试passthetest通过考试failatest考试失【精品文档】第8页