初中英语背诵—Movie Music 素材 2页

英语背诵—MovieMusicAccustomedthoughwearetospeakingofthefilmsmadebefore1927as“silent”，thefilmhasneverbeen，inthefullsenseoftheword，silent.Fromtheverybeginning，musicwasregardedasanindispensableaccompaniment；whentheLumierefilmswereshownatthefirstpublicfilmexhibitionintheUnitedStatesinFebruary1896，theywereaccompaniedbypianoimprovisationsonpopulartunes.Atfirst，themusicplayedborenospecialrelationshiptothefilms；anaccompanimentofanykindwassufficient.Withinaveryshorttime，however，theincongruityofplayinglivelymusictoasolemnfilmbecameapparent，andfilmpianistsbegantotakesomecareinmatchingtheirpiecestothemoodofthefilm.Asmovietheatersgrewinnumberandimportance，aviolinist，andperhapsacellist，wouldbeaddedtothepianistincertaincases，andinthelargermovietheaterssmallorchestraswereformed.Foranumberofyearstheselectionofmusicforeachfilmprogramrestedentirelyinthehandsoftheconductororleaderoftheorchestra，andveryoftentheprincipalqualificationforholdingsuchapositionwasnotskillortastesomuchastheownershipofalargepersonallibraryofmusicalpieces.Sincetheconductorseldomsawthefilmsuntilthenightbeforetheyweretobeshown（ifindeed，theconductorwasluckyenoughtoseethemthen），themusicalarrangementwasnormallyimprovisedinthegreatesthurry.Tohelpmeetthisdifficulty，filmdistributingcompaniesstartedthepracticeofpublishingsuggestionsformusicalaccompaniments.In1909，forexample，theEdisonCompanybeganissuingwiththeirfilmssuchindicationsofmoodas“pleasant”，“sad”，“lively”。Thesuggestionsbecamemoreexplicit，andsoemergedthemusicalcuesheetcontainingindicationsofmood，thetitlesofsuitablepiecesofmusic，andprecisedirectionstoshowwhereonepieceledintothenext.Certainfilmshadmusicespeciallycomposedforthem.ThemostfamousoftheseearlyspecialscoreswasthatcomposedandarrangedforD.WGriffith‘sfilmBirthofaNation，which\nwasreleasedin1915.Note：美国通俗音乐分类：1.Jazz；1）traditionaljazz——a）blues，代表人物：BillyHolidayb）ragtime（切分乐曲）：代表人物：ScottJoplinc）NewOrleansjazz（=Dixielandjazz）eg：LouisArmstrond）swingeg：GlennMiller，DukeEllington，etc.e）bop（=bebop，rebop）eg：LesterYoung，CharlieParkeretc.2）modernjazz——a）cooljazz（=progressivejazz）高雅爵士乐。Eg：KennyG.b）third-streamjazz.Eg：CharlesMingus，JohnLewis.c）mainstreamjazz.d）avant-gardejazz.e）souljazz.Eg：SarahVaughn，EllaFitzgeraldf）Latinjazz.2.gospelmusic福音音乐，主要源于Nerospirituals.Eg.DollyParker，MahaliaJackson3.CountryandWesternmusic.Eg.JohnDenver，TammyWynette，KennyRogers，etc.4.Rockmusic——a）rockandrolleg：ElvisPrestley（US），theBeatles（UK.）b）folkrockEg：BobDylon，MichaelJackson，MariahCarey，BruceSpringsteen，LionelRicheetc.c）punkrockd）acidrocke）rockjazzeg：M.J.McLaughlinf）Jurassicrock5.Musicforeasylistening（i.e.lightmusic）