初中英语 语音知识复习素材 13页

英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）长元音/ɑ:/啊（长音）/ɔ:/奥（长音）/ə:/额（长音）/i:/一（长音）/U:/屋（长音）短元音/ʌ/阿/ɒ/奥/ə/额/ɪ/一/ʊ/屋/e/挨/æ/挨/eɪ/和拼音的“ei”一样/aɪ/挨/ɔɪ/外双元音/ɪə/一而/eə/挨而/ʊə/勿而/əʊ/欧/aʊ/袄辅辅音（28个）轻辅音/p/颇/t/特/k/克/f/佛/θ/四（咬舌音）/s/四浊辅音/b/伯/d/得/g/个/v/勿/ð/字（咬舌音）/z/自轻辅音/ʃ/是/h/和/ts/差（ci）/tʃ/迟/tr/缺浊辅音/ʒ/日/r/若/dz/资/dʒ/之/dr/鼻音/m/呣/n/呢/ŋ/半元音/j/也/w/我边音/ǀ/了英语音标及字母组合对照\n一、元音:1[a:]字母组合araar：carfarmcardarmgardena：fastclasslastglassplant2、[ɔ:]字母组合alorauourarooal:smallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkor:shortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorau:caughtautumnour:fourmourncourtboughtar:warmquarrelquarter3、[ε:]字母组合irurearerorir:girlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdur:turnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerear:learnearnearthhearder：termhernerdserveor：workwormworld4、[i:]字母组合:eeeaeie（eyi）ee：threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseekea：eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleasee：heshemeie：piecereceiveceilingey:keyi:ininfo5、[u:]字母组合ooouoo:foodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetootho:shoedotwou:truetruthbluefullprude\n6、[ʌ]发音字母uoouu:upsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuso:comemotherdosebrotherloveaboveou:troubleroughflourish7、([ɒ])发音字母oaouo:hotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnota:wantwashwatchou:outaboutloud8、[ε]字母组合erorouaroaeurer:teacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderor:doctoractormayorauthortractorou:deliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliaro:collardollartogethertomorrowtodaya:aliveattackarrayappearancee:theur:Saturday9、[i]发音字母iyeuii:sitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissy:manytwentyhappydictionarye:defecttheui:liquidquickquit10、[u]字母组合ooouuooo:lookgoodfootbookwoodou:shouldcouldu:putfullbullpullpusho:womanto11、[e]字母组合eae\nea:headbreadpleasuree:elephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyes12、[æ]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman13、[ei]发音字母a…eayeaaieya…e:namecakelategateplaneAprila:Aprilacientagencyay:playsaymaywayea:greatbreakai:rainpaintplainey:theygrey14、[ai]发音字母i…eiyi…e：bikefinefindninei:dielightnighthighy:mytryfly15、[ɔɪ]字母组合oyoioy:boytoyjoyoi：oilsoilvoicechoice16、[iε]字母组合eerearereieeer:beerdeerear:nearheardearere:hereie：fierceexpierence17、[ɛə]([eə])字母组合earairereear:pearbearair:chairairfair\nere:therewherecare18、[uε][uə]字母组合ourour:tour19、[əʊ]发音字母o…eoowoao…e：homedomeowephoneo:coldgonohostghostow:knowlowbelowgrowshowflowoa:boatcoatgoal20、[au]字母组合ouowoou:houseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseow:flowerdownnowcowhowtowno:copydrop二、辅音：/p/p:petpadpig/ t/t:tankticketten/ k/k:keyokeykiss/f/f:fullfunfoldflagph:photo/θ/th:thankthinkthinthree/s/s:sixsayseesadsorryC:decision/b/b:badbedbackbank/d/ d:dodictionarydollar/g/g:gladglancegoodgreat/v/v:veryvessionvictory/ð/ th:theythenthanthatthis/z/ z:zerozoozip/ʃ/sh:sharesheshampoo\n/ h/h:hellhencehavehat/ts/ts:its/tʃ/ch:teacherchancechange/tr/tr:tradetreattry/ʒ/e：vessiondecision/ r/ r:redraceWr:Write/dz/ ds/dʒ/ge:changegeography/dr/ dr:drivedry/m/m:moonmattermanmoonM:roomzoom/n/ n:noonnotnoN:noontowndown/ŋ/ drunk(drink的过去式)/ j/y:yesmanyesterday/w/w:winwelcomewe/ ǀ/l:looklucklostlet英语音标发音规则一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake在闭音节中[æ]bagdadhatmapblackbacke在开音节中[i:]hethesemeChinese在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyeseggi在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite在闭音节中[i]fishbigdrinksitmilkswim\no在开音节中[əu]thoseclosegohoehomeno在闭音节中[ɔ]clocknotboxshopsocku在开音节中[ju:]studentexcusedutyTuesday在闭音节中[ʌ]buscupjumpmuchlunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:]音,例如:Junebluerulersuper二、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a[ə]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast[i]orangecomradevillagecabbagee[ə]hundredstudentopenweekend[ə:]nerveserveterm[i]chickenpocketbeginchildreni[i]holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal[ai]exercisesatelliteo[ə]secondtonightsomebodywelcome[əu]alsozerophotoU[ə]autumndifficult[ju:]popularcongratulationJanuary动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母jlrs后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue三、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音a在[w]音后面\n[ɔ]wantwhatwatchwashqualitya在fnskphspssstth前[a:]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfatheri在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigho在-st-ld前[əu]mostpostcardoldcoldo在mnvth前[ʌ]comemonkeylovemother四、-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音ar[a:]carfarmdarksharpenerar在[w]音后面[ɔ:]warmquartertowardsoror在[w]音后面[ɔ:]fortymorningshort[ə:]wordworkerworseerirur[ə:]certainlybirdThursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音.例如:carrysorryhurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[E]音,例如:dollarteachermartyrforgetSaturday五、-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音are[ɛə]caredarehareere[iə]heremereire[aiə]firehirewire\nore[ɔ:]morescorebeforeure[juə]purecureareereireore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读[ə]音,例如:picturepleasure重读元音字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读[r]音.例如:parentzerostoryduringinspiring某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象.例如:orangeveryAmericanparagraph六、元音字组在重读音节中的读音ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplayair[ɛə]airhairchairpairrepairal在fm前[ɔ]smallballtalkwallall[ɔ:l]alwaysalsosaltalmostbald[a:]halfcalmau/aw[ɔ:]autumndaughterdrawea[i:]teacheasycheapplease[e]heavybreadsweaterweather[ei]breakgreatear[iə]heardearnearclearyear[εə]bearpearwear[ə:]earthlearnearlyee[i:]jeepweekgreenthreeeer[iə]pioneerdeerbeerei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey[i:]eitherkeyeu/ew在jlrs后[ju:]newfewnewspaper[u:]flewbrewie/ei在[s]音之后\n[i:]piecefieldreceiveoa[əu]coatJoanboatgoaloar/oor[ɔ:]roarboarddoorflooroi/oy[ɔi]noisepointboytoiletoo[u:]broomfoodtoothschool[u]booklookcookfootgoodou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown[əu]knowrowthrowthough[ʌ]youngcountryenough[u:]groupyousoupOur[ɔ:]courseyourfour[auə]ourhourours[ə:]journeyui在jlrs后[ju:i]fluidsuicidetuition[u:]juicefruitsuit七、非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音ai/ayei/ey[i]Sundayforeignmonkeyow[əu]yellowsparrowtomorrow元音字母及组合在非重读音节中读[E]音或[i].例如:neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee-sion-tion[∫n]impressionnation-sion在元音字母后[ӡn]visiondecisionoccasion-tion在s后[t∫ən]questionsuggestion\n-sten[sn]listen-stle[sl]whistle-sure[ӡə]pleasuremeasure-ture[t∫ə]pictureculture八、元音字母及组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读.everyday[ei]handbag[æ]blackboard[ɔ:]有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词.其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音.例如:sun太阳+day[ei]日子>Sunday[i]星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子>holiday[i]假日break中断+fast[a:]斋戒>breakfast[ə]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[ɔ:]>cupboard[ə]碗柜九,辅音字母及组合的读音                 1、辅音字母b的读音：b一般读作[b]，例如：aglab;b但在climb中不发音。2、辅音字母c的读音：①c在e，i，y前读作[s]，例如：placecityLucy；但在delicious中读作[∫]。②c在其他情况下读作[k]，例如：cancleanmusic。3、辅音字母d的读音：①d一般读作[d]，例如：daybird；但在soldier中读[dʒ]。②d在下列单词中不发音：Wednesdaysandwichgrandma。             4、辅音字母f的读音：f一般读作[f]，例如：fiveknife；但在of中读[v]。 5、辅音字母g的读音：①g一般读作[ɡ]，例如：eggguess。②g在e前读作[dʒ]，例如：orangelargebridge；但在gettiger中读[ɡ]。③g在foreign中不发音。             6、辅音字母h的读音：h一般读作[h]，例如：howhello；但在hour中不发音。                     7、辅音字母j的读音：j读作[dʒ]，例如：jumpJapanese。8、辅音字母k的读音：k一般读作[k]，例如：Kateweek；但在knifeknow中不发音。9、辅音字母l的读音：l一般读作[l]，例如：pleaselate；但在couldwould中不发音。     10、辅音字母m的读音：m读作[m]，例如：meetsummer。11、辅音字母n的读音：①n一般读作[n]，例如：under.②n在[k]、[g]音前读作[ŋ]，例如：thinkEnglish。\n③n在autumn中不发音。          12辅音字母p的读音：p读作[p]，例如：peacheap。               13、辅音字母q的读音：q,u组合qu读作[kw]，例如：questionquarter；但在queue中读作[k]。         14、辅音字母r的读音：r在元音字母前读作[r]，例如：readgreat。        15、辅音字母s的读音：①s读作[s]，例如：somesingsister。②s读作[z]，例如：rosevisithis。③s读作[∫],例如：sure④s在usuallypleasure中读作[ʒ]⑤s在island中不发音。          16、辅音字母t的读音：①t一般读作[t]，例如：that write。②t在-ture 中读作[t∫]，例如：picturetemperature。③t在-tion中读作[∫]，例如：operationdictionary；但在question中读作[t∫]。④t在下列单词中不发音：listenChristmas。      17、辅音字母v的读音：v读作[v]，例如：veryleave。       18、辅音字母w的读音：w一般读作[w]，例如：wantwife；但在answertwowrite中不发音。19、辅音字母x的读音：x一般读作[ks]，例如：boxexcuse；但在exampleexam中读作[gz]。20、辅音字母y的读音：y在词首读作[j]，例如：yesyoung。           21、辅音字母z的读音：z一般读作[z]，例如：zerozoo。              22、辅音字母组合cc的读音：cc在e，i前一般读作[ks]，例如：accident；但在soccer中读作[k]。   23、辅音字母组合ch的读音：①ch一般读作[t∫]，例如：lunchteacher。②ch在schoolChristmas中读作[k]。③ch在machine中读作[∫]。④ch在sandwich中读作[dʒ]。24、辅音字母组合tch的读音：tch读作[t∫]，例如：matchcatch。         25、辅音字母组合ck的读音：ck读作[k]，例如：knockblack。         26、辅音字母组合dr的读音：dr读作[dr]，例如：drivehundred。         27、辅音字母组合d(e)s的读音：d(e)s读作[dz]，例如：birdsgrades。28、辅音字母组合gh的读音：gh一般读作[f]，例如：enoughlaugh。但在mightdaughter等词中不发音。29、辅音字母组合kn的读音：kn读作[n]，例如：knowledgeknife。30、辅音字母组合ng的读音：①ng在词末读作[ŋ]，例如：songbring。②ng在词中读作[ŋg]，例如：Englishsronger；但在singer中读作[ŋ]。   31、辅音字母组合ph的读音：ph读作[f]，例如：photo telephone。   32、辅音字母组合sc的读音：sc读作[s]，例如：science。   33、辅音字母组合sh的读音：sh读作[∫]，例如：shipfinish。\n   34、辅音字母组合th的读音：①th读作[θ]，例如：thinkthankboth。②th读作[ð]，例如：theyweatherwith。   35、辅音字母组合tr的读音：tr读作[tr]，例如：tree trousers。  36、辅音字母组合t(e)s的读音：t(e)s读作[ts]，例如：coatskites。37、辅音字母组合wh的读音：①wh在o前读作[h]，例如：whowhose②wh在其他情况下读作[w]，例如：whatwhich。38、辅音字母组合wr的读音：wr读作[r]，例如：writewrong。