【英语】初中英语-介词专项2 9页

介词一．概念：介词用来表明名词与句中其他词的关系，介词是虚词，不能独立充当句子成分介词短语能够充当句子成分,介词短语=介词+介词宾语（名词、宾格代词、动名词等充当）介词的作用above,around,at,behind,between,by,down,from,in,up,infrontof,into,onto,表地点、位置、方向的介词near,off,out,over,through,under,介词towards,表时间的介词by,in,on,over,with其他介词like,with,without,from,next,to二、常用1、in在......之内1)表示地点，表示大地点。She’sinChinawithhermomanddad.2)表示时间，表示在某一个时间段内Theweatheriscoldinwinter.3)表示颜色和语言也用介词in。Doyouknowthegirlinred?IcanwritethisarticleinEnglish.2、from从......中来1)comefromIcomefromChinaandI’mChinese.2)downloadfromIdownloadmusicfromtheInternet.3)bedifferentfromLily’shabitsaredifferentfromLinda’s.3.with和，用，与1)withsb和......人在一起I’minClassOnewithDamingandLingling.2）withsth.表示用某种工具Iwritewithmypen,andIseewithmyeyes.4.at在......1)表地点，主小地点。MyfatherisateacheratBeijingInternationalSchool.2)表时间，主指时间的一个点。Igetupathalfpastseveninthemorning.3)begoodat擅长于......Iamgoodatreadingandwriting.5.behind在......后面Theclassroomsarebehindtheoffices.6.nextto紧挨着Thelibraryisnexttotheclassrooms.7.infrontof在......前面TheyareinfrontofTonyandDaming.8.for为了......，因为。。。。Thankyouforyouremail.9.on在......上，在......时1）表示时间，表示具体的一天。WouldyouliketogotoafootballmatchonSunday?2）表示地点onthefarmontheplayground10.to自，向1）talkto与......谈论WehaveabreakandItalktomyfriends.2)goto去Helikesfilmsandheoftengoestothecinema.3）welcometo欢迎到......WelcometoBeijingZoo.4）listento听Theyalwayslistentomusic.5）connect......to.和...连接一起Pleaseconnectthemonitortothecomputerfirst.1精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页，共9页-----------------------\n三、．常用的介词的区别：①in,to,on在方位名词前的区别1.in表示A地在B地范围之内，如TaiwanisinthesoutheastofChina.2.to表示A地在B地范围之外（有距离），如：JapanliestotheeastofChina.3.on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻，如：NorthKoreaisontheeastofChina.②.at,in,on,by在表示时间上的区别1.at指时间表示：（1）时间的点、时刻等。Theycamehomeatnoon（atsunrise,atmidnight,atteno’clock,atdaybreak）.（2）较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。HewenthomeatNewYear（atChristmas,attheSpringFestival）.2.in指时间表示：（1）在某个较长的时间（如世纪、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等）内。in2004,inMarch,inspring,inthemorning,intheevening（2）在一段时间之后。一般用于将来时，谓语动词为非延续性动词，意为“在⋯⋯以后”。Hewillarriveintwohours.（3）谓语动词为延续性动词时，in意为“在⋯⋯以内”。Theseproductswillbemadeinamonth.3.on指时间表示：（1）具体的时日和一个特定的时间，如某日、节日、星期几等,OnChristmasDaytherewillbeaparty.（2）在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。Hearrivedat8o’clockonthenightofFriday.（3）准时，按时。Ifthetraincanbeontime,Ishouldgethomebeforedark.4.by指时间表示：（1）不迟于，在（某时）前。如：Hewillcomebysixo’clock.（2）在⋯⋯间，在⋯⋯的时候。如：Heworkedbydayandstudiedbynight.③.near,by,beside,at表示“在⋯⋯附近”时的区别1.near表示相对的近，实际距离可能还很远。SuzhouisnearShanghai.2.by和beside都表示靠近，实际距离不很远，但beside比by更具体地表示出“在⋯⋯旁边”的意思。Hewassittingbesideher.Heiswalkingbytheriver.3.at也有“在旁边”的意思，但多表示有目的的行为所处的位置，而by和beside仅表示位置关系。如：Thestudentsaresittingatthetablelisteningtotheteacher.Severalstudentsaresittingby/besidethedoortalkingaboutamusic.④.at,in和on表示地点时的区别1.at表示地点：（1）用于指较小的地方。arriveat，接小地方Iwillwaitforyouatthestation.（2）用于门牌号码前。Helivesat11ZhongshanRoad.2.in表示地点：arrivein接较大地方HelivesinShanghai.3.on表示地点，一般指与面或线接触，意为“在⋯⋯上；在⋯⋯旁”。Thepicturewashangingonthewall.2精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页，共9页-----------------------\n⑤.besides,except,but表示“除⋯⋯外”之间的区别1.besides表示“除了⋯⋯以外，还有⋯⋯”，具有附加性质。如：Besidesxiaoming,wealsowenttoseethefilm.注意：besides用于否定句中时，与except,but同义，可互换。如：Wehavenootherbooksbesides/exceptthese.2.except表示“⋯⋯除外”，具有排它性质。如：Weallwenttoseethefilmexceptxiaoming.（王先生没去）3.but意为“除了”，与except同义，except强调被排除的部分，but则强调整句的内容，常修饰否定意义的代词。Nobodyknewitbutme.⑥.above,over,on,up表示“在⋯⋯上”之间的区别1.above指“⋯⋯上方”，表示相对高度，不一定在正上方，其反义词为below。We’reflyingabovetheclouds.2.over指“在⋯⋯正上方”，表示垂直上方，其反义词为under。Thebridgeisovertheriver.3.on表示“在⋯⋯上面”，与物体表面接触，与beneath相对。Thereisamaponthewall.4.up表示动作的方向往上，反义词为down。如：Pleasestandup⑦with,from,for,at表示原因的区别1.with表示原因，指由于外界而影响到内部，意为“因为；由于”。Thelittlegirlwasshiveringwithcold.2.from表示动机、疲劳、痛苦等原因。Shediditfromasenseofduty.3.for常表示为了某一目的、事业的原因。Idoapologizeforkeepingyouwaiting.4.at表示原因，指“听到；看到；想到”等。Atthenewstheyfeltveryglad.⑧．for和of的用法区别试比较：It'simpossibleformetowatchTVaftereleveno'clock.It'skindofyoutohelpme.两句中介词的选择依据其前形容词而定,一般来说,of之前的形容词往往是用于描写人的品质的好坏，人自身的特点，如聪明与否，细心与粗心等；for之前的形容词用于描写事物的特点，如可能性，必然性，难易程度等。⑨．by，with，in的用法区别by表示"以...的方式，方法，手段"和"乘某种交通工具"；with指"借助于具体的手段或工具"；in表示"以......方式，用语言，文字等媒介"。Isolvedtheproblembythisway.Icuttheapplewithaknife.HespeakswithusinEnglish.⑩after和in的用法区别这两个介词都可以表示时间"在以后"的意思。其区别是：after以过去为起点，表示过去一段时间之后，常用于过去时态的句子；in以现在为起点，表示将来一段时间以后，常用于将来时态的句子。Iwenthomeafter10o'clockyesterday.Thetrainwillarriveintenminutes.3精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页，共9页-----------------------\n小试牛刀：一：用by,beside,near,beyond填空1.Thelittlegirlissitting_____hermother.2.Thereisawhitecar______ourschool.3.Manyshopsare______ourhome.4._______ourcitythereisariver.二：1.Thepostofficeis_______thepolicestationandthelibrary.A.betweenB.amongC.in2.Ican’tfinishmywork_______yourhelp.A.withB.withoutC.in3.Thankyou____________metohavedinner.A.forinviteB.ofinviteC.forinviting4.Whyareyoustanding,Alice?-Ican’tseetheblackboardclearly.Twotallboysaresitting____me.A.behindB.nexttoC.infrontof5.Ifyoudothings_____,usuallyyoucan’tdothemwell.A.inahurryB.fromnowonC.justnow6.Whataniceday!Weshouldgosightseeing_____watchingTVinthehotel.A.becauseofB.insteadofC.togetherwith7.Yourcoatlooksverynice.What’sitmade______?-Cotton,anditismade_____Wuhan.A.from,inB.of,inC.from,on8.-Whenandwhereyouborn?st-Iwasborn____October1,1998____Suzhou.A.on,onB.in,inC.on,in9.Therewillbemanyrobots____people’shomes____tenyears.A.in,/B.in,inC.in,after10.Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday____MrWhite.Why?-Becausehewasonduty.A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptfor11.It’sverykind____themtopickmeupattherailwaystationanddrivemehome.A.forB.toC.of12.AUFOlanded___theCenterStreet.A.atB.onC.in13._____theSpringFestival,theheavysnowstoppedmanypeoplefrom_____backhome.A.During,goingB.In,goC.On,goes24.Thinkitover_______youwritetheanswer.A.beforeB.afterC.on答案：一：1.by,2.beside,3.near,4.beyond二：1.A2.B3.C4.C5A6.B7B8C9C10A11C12B13.A14.A4精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页，共9页-----------------------\n勤加磨练：1.Theteacherisnotonlystrict____hispupilsbutalsostrict____hisownwork.A.with,withB.in,inC.in,withD.with,in2.Myfatherbegantowork____abusdriverwhenhewastwentyyearsold.A.forB.toC.atD.as3.Idon'tthinkXiaoLiis____theotherstudents____mathematics.A.after,onB.after,withC.behind,inD.behind,at4.Nobodyknowsit____me.A.exceptforB.exceptthatC.besidesD.but5.Thewindowisneveropened____insummer.A.butB.exceptC.exceptforD.butfor6.Wegotoschool____abike.A.inB.onC.byD.ove7.It'sverykind____youtorepairthebike____me.A.for.forB.of,ofC.of,forD.for,of8.Freshairisgood____yourhealth.A.atB.forC.ofD.to9.Theboyiswaiting____hissisterandtheywillgotothehospitaltowait____theirsickmother.A.for,onB.on,forC.for,forD.on.on10.ThePLAmansavedtheboy____death.A.ofB.fromC.toD.on11.Hewillcome____threedays.A.beforeB.afterC.inD.later12HewenttoBeijingandreturned____threedays.A.inB.beforeC.laterD.after13.Hewillreturn____threeo'clock.A.afterB.inC.onD.at14Hewrotethearticle____threedays.A.atB.inC.onD.by15Iagree____whatyousaid.A.toB.onC.withD.at16.Doyouagree____thisplan(arrangement)?A.atB.withC.onD.to17.Finallytheyagreed____thetermsofthecontract.A.onB.toC.withD.at18.Doyouoftenhear____yourbrother?A.ofB.fromC.outofD.about19.1heard____thebooklongago,butIhaveneverreadit.A.outB.fromC.ofD.with20.Theplaneflew____thecity.A.acrossB.pastC.throughD.over21.Wewalked____theTianAnMenSquaretotheMuseumofChineseHistory.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past22.Iwaswandering____thestreetswhenIcaughtsightofatailor'sshop.A.acrossB.throughC.byD.past5精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页，共9页-----------------------\n23.Ourbusdrove____theGreatHallofthePeople.A.acrossB.throughC.pastD.over24.____thesun,nothingwouldgrow..ForB.WithC.UnderD.Without25.Theteacherisbusy____teaching.A.withB.forC.onD.of26.Theteacherisbusy____correctingpapers.A.forB.inC.onD.of27.WeleftXi'an_.___averyhotsummerafternoon.A.onB.inC.duringD.by28.Histeacherwasangry____him____hisbeinglate.A.at,withB.at,forC.with,forD.with,about29.Myfatherwasdisappointed____thenews.A.byB.aboutC.atD.o30.MrWangwenttoNanjing____October,1998andcamebackhome____themorningofNov.5.A.at;inB.on;atC.in;onD.by;from31.Myunclelives____105HuangheStreet.Hisroomis____thefifthfloor.A.at;onB.td;atC.on;inD.of;to32.Idon'tthinkyoucanworkoutthemathsproblem____theteacher'shelp.A.sinceB.unlessC.becauseD.without33.-Doyougothere____bus?-No,wegothere____atrain.A.in;onB.on;onC.by;inD.by;with34.Thetrees____frontofthehouseare____thechargeofOldLi.A.in;inB.at;inC.in;byD.from;in35.Theoldmandied____cold____acoldnight.A.from;atB.of;inC.of;onD.for;during36.DoesJohnknowanyotherforeignlanguages____French?A.exceptB.butC.besidesD.beside37.-Howlonghasthebookshopbeeninbusiness?-____1982.A.AfterB.InC.FromD.Since38.Didyouhaveanytrouble____thepostoffice?A.tohavefoundB.withfindingC.tofindD.infinding39.Totellyouthetruth,Ihavenothingtodo____it.A.aboutB.withC.forD.of40.Taiwanis____theeastofFujian.A.inB.atC.toD.on41HisfatherwillbebackfromLondon____afewdays.A.sinceB.inC.onD.after42.Theword"write"hasthesamepronunciation____theword"right".关系代词A.ofB.asC.toD.from43.Thetrainleaves____6:00p.m.SoIhavetobeatthestation____5:40p.m.atthelatest.A.at;until(延续)B.for;afterC.at;by（瞬间）D.before;around44.WewillbeinNanjing_____Tuesday______Thursday.A.on/throughB.on/toC.from/toD.on./till45.Therearemanybeautifulbirds______thetree.A.onB.atC.inD.besides6精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页，共9页-----------------------\n1-5DDCDB~~6-10BCBAB~~11-15CDABC~~16-20DABCD~~21-25ABCDA~~26-30BADCC31-35ADCCA36-40CCDDD41-45BBCBBC（应到43答案有误）初中英语常用介词短语27)littlebylittle逐渐地1)atonce立刻2)atlast最后28)inall总共3)atfirst起先，首先29)infact事实上4)attheageof⋯在⋯⋯岁时30)inone'stwenties在某人二十几岁时5)attheendof⋯在⋯⋯之末31)inahurry匆忙6)atthebeginningof⋯在⋯⋯之初32)inthemiddleof在⋯⋯中间7)atthefootof⋯在⋯⋯脚下33)innotime(inaminute)立刻，很快8)atthesametime同时34)intime(ontime)及时9)atnight/noon在夜里/中午35)inpublic公众，公开地36)inorderto为了⋯⋯10)withone'shelp37)infrontof在⋯⋯前面在某人的帮助下，由于某人的帮助38)inthesun在阳光下11)withthehelpof⋯在⋯⋯的帮助下39)intheend最后，终于12)withasmile面带笑容40)insurprise惊奇地13)withone'sowneyes亲眼看见41)inturn依次14)afterawhile过了一会儿42)ofcourse当然43)abit(of)有一点儿15)fromnowon从现在起44)alotof许多16)fromthenon从那时起45)alittle一点儿17)farexample例如18)farawayfrom远离46)onone'swayto某人在去⋯⋯的路上19)frommorningtillnight从早到晚47)onfoot步行，走路48)atalkonspace一个关于太空的报告20)byandby不久49)ontheotherhand另一方面21)byairmail寄航空邮件50)at/ontheweekend在周末22)bybike/air/train/bus51)ontheleft(right)在左(右)边骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车52)ontheothersideof在⋯⋯另一边23)byordinarymail寄平信53)ontheradio通过收音机(无线电广播)24)bytheway顺便说25)bythewindow在窗边54)toone'sjoy使⋯⋯高兴的是26)bytheendof⋯到⋯⋯底为止55)toone'ssurprise使⋯⋯惊讶的是介词和各类词搭配构成的介词短语1）.介词与动词搭配dowellin在⋯⋯方面做得好arrivein／at到达givein投降askfor要，请求goon继续7精品学习资料可选择pdf第7页，共9页-----------------------\nlistento听hearfrom收到⋯⋯来信lookafter照顾，照看hearof听说lookfor寻找help'sB.withsth.帮助⋯⋯做looklike看上去像laughat嘲笑getto到达learnfrom向⋯⋯学习fillwith充满，装满talkto与⋯⋯谈话beginwith以⋯⋯开始meetwith偶尔遇见，遭遇takedown拿下，取了passon传递lookat（有意识地）看belongto属于speakto对某人writeto写信给⋯⋯takeaway拿走，带走callon号召，访问，邀请thinkof考虑，关心smileat向⋯⋯微笑waitfor等候，等待lookout向四下看，到处看turnon／off打开（关上2）.介词与名词搭配intime及时atwork在工作inlife一生中atschool在学校ontime准时，按时infrontof在⋯⋯前面atthebackof在⋯⋯后面onfoot步行atthebeginningof在⋯⋯开始bybus乘公共汽车attheendof在⋯⋯结尾athome在家atthesametime同时，然而inEnglish用英语bytrain乘火车inthemiddle在中间daybyday日复一日atnight在晚上onebyone一个接一个atnoon在中午inaword总而言之，一句话withasmile带着微笑infact事实上ofcourse当然（可以）inthestreet在街上inahurry匆忙，急忙intheend最后，终于inaminute一会innotime立刻，很快bytheway顺便说说／问问inorder按顺序，整齐，正常atfirst首先，起初inorderto为了，以便atlast最后，终于intheday在白天atthemeeting在会上inline成一直线onone’swayto在⋯⋯的路上inashortwhile不久inthesun在阳光下inall总共，总计inatree在树上intown在城里insurprise惊奇地ontheleft／right在左／右边atonce立刻，马上ontheonehandontheotherhand一方面⋯⋯另atthefootof在⋯⋯脚下一方面atall压根儿ontopof在⋯⋯顶上atdinner在吃正餐inpublic当众，公开地atthetable在桌子旁outofwork失业8精品学习资料可选择pdf第8页，共9页-----------------------\n3)介词与形容词、过去分词和动词等搭配bemadeof由⋯⋯制成beangrywithsb..对某人生气beangryatsth.为某事生气keepoutof不让进入betiredof讨厌⋯⋯／厌倦⋯⋯beinterestedin对⋯⋯感兴趣beproudof以⋯⋯为自豪/骄傲befullof充满⋯⋯besureof确信⋯⋯sayhelloto向⋯⋯问好takepartin参加breakinto闯入takecareof照顾，关心，保管bebusywith忙于⋯⋯bestrictwith对⋯⋯严格要求catchupwith跟上，赶上havenothingtodowith与⋯⋯无关gotoschool上学gotobed／sleep睡觉bekindtosb.对某人友好beusedto习惯于⋯⋯4.看似相同，但意义有别的词组：1）.介词词组(1)attable在进餐atthetable在桌子旁（=besidethedesk）(2)atdesk在读书或做作业atthedesk在书桌旁(3)atschool在校上学（指学生）attheschool在学校（指教职工）(4)infrontofthebus在公共汽车的前面（不在车上）inthefrontofthebus在公共汽车的前部（在车上）(5)atsea在航海中atthesea在海边(6)byday白天bytheday按日，论日(7)inclass在上课，在课内intheclass在这个班(8)inred穿着红色的衣服inthered负债，亏损(9)inhospital住院（指病人）inthehospital（因事）在医院(10)inoffice在办公，执政intheoffice在办公室(11)inplaceof代替，而不是intheplaceof在⋯⋯地方(12)incaseof万一，如果inthecaseof就⋯⋯来说，至于(13)ofage成年人ofanage同龄人(14)outofoffice离职outoftheoffice离开办公室2）含有介词的动词词组(1)comeoutofhospital（病好出院comeoutofthehospital（因事）从医院里出来(2)comeoutofprison（刑满）释放comeoutoftheprison（因事）从监狱里出来(3)gotoschool去上学gototheschool（因事）去学校(4)gotocollege上大学gotothe/acollege去一所学校（办事）(5)gotohospital去住院gotothehospital（因事）去医院(6)gotosea当海员gotothesea去海边(7)gotocourt起诉gotothecourt（因事）去法庭(8)gotochurch做礼拜gotothechurch（因事）去教堂(9)keephouse管理家务keepthehouse守在家里(10)takeplace发生taketheplace代替9精品学习资料可选择pdf第9页，共9页-----------------------