初中英语近义词辨析中考复习 44页

..初中英语近义词辨析中考复习1.clothes,cloth,clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof2.family,house,homehome家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.3.sound,voice,noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.jz*\n..1.photo,picture,drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画.2.population,peoplepopulation人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.3.road,street,path,wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.4.custom,habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，jz*\n..habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.1.exercise,exercises,practiceexercise运动，锻炼〔不可数〕，exercises练习〔可数〕，practice〔反复做的〕练习Practicemakesperfect.2.class,lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.Lesson6;class5.3.officer,officialofficer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficerjz*\n..1.work,job二者均指工作。work不可数，job可数agoodjob2.couple,paircouple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两局部组成的东西apairoftrousers3.country,nation,state,landcountry侧重指幅员，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.4.police,policemanpolice警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thejz*\n..policearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.1.problem,questionproblem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用.2.chick,chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.3.trip,journey,travel,voyagetravel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip4.sport,jz*\n..gamesport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规那么Hisfavoritesportisswimming.1.price,prizeprice价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprize,Thepriceishigh/low.2.anumberof,thenumberofanumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.3.infrontof,inthefrontofinfrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontofthejz*\n..roomsitsaboy.1.threeofus,thethreeofusthreeofus我们〔不止三个〕中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个〔就三个人〕Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.2.bybus,onthebusbybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.3.nextyear,thenextyearnextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.4.inplaceof,intheplacejz*\n..ofinplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.1.agirl,onegirlagirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox"2.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacherthedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是教师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个教师thedoctorandteacheris3.inbed,onthebedinbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上jz*\n..Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.1.inchargeof,inthechargeofinchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.2.inclass,intheclassinclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.3.asecond,thesecondasecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.4.it,jz*\n..oneit同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.1.that,thisthat指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…2.none,nothing,noonenone强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人---Howmany…/Howmuch…"---None.3.anyone,anyoneanyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou4.who,jz*\n..whatwho指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad"Heisateacher.1.what,whichwhat的选择根底是无限制的，which在一定范围内进展选择Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples"2.other,anotherother后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent3.many,much,alotofmany和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否认句Ihaven'tmanybooks.jz*\n..1.muchmore…than,manymore…thanmuchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful2.no,notno=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater3.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneselfbyoneself单独的，单独的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneselfjz*\n..自行的，自动的Thedooropenedofitself.1.atall,afterallatall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.2.tall,hightall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.3.fast,quicklyfast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly4.healthy,jz*\n..healthfulhealthy安康的，强健的，healthful有益于安康的healthfulexercise1.sleeping,asleep,sleepysleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.2.just,veryjust表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman3.real,truereal真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruejz*\n..story1.pleasant,pleased,pleasingpleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.2.ill,sickill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy3.good,wellgood形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.4.quiet,silent,jz*\n..stillquiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。1.hard,hardlyhard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.2.almost,nearly二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否认词连用用almostalmostnobody3.late,latelylate迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.4.living,alive,live,livelyliving,alive,jz*\n..live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive1.excited,excitingexcited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.2.aloud,loudaloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud(出声地读)3.worth,worthy二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdoneItisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobejz*\n..visited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.1.bad,badlybad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobadIneedthebookbadly.2.beforelong,longbeforebeforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong3.quite,ratherquite完全地，相当于completely,rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible4.happy,jz*\n..gladhappy快乐，幸福，定表均可，glad快乐，只能做表语ahappygirl1.instead,insteadofinstead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中Hedidn'tseeafilm.InsteadhewatchedTV. HewatchedTVinsteadofseeingafilm.2.toomuch,muchtootoomuch后接不可数名词，muchtoo后接形容词muchtooheavy3.raise,riseraise及物动词，rise不及物动词Thesunrisesintheeast.4.bring,take,carry,jz*\n..fetchbring拿来，take带走，carry随身携带，fetch去回这一往返动作fetchaboxofchalk1.spend,take,pay,costspend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…onsth./indoingsth;take物做主语，花时间;pay人做主语，花钱，payfor;cost物做主语，花钱2.join,joinin,takepartinjoin参加某个组织，并成为其中的一员；joinin参加小型活动,joinsb.in；takepartin参加大型的活动Hejoinedthearmyfiveyearsago.jz*\n..1.learn,studylearn学习，侧重学习的结果，study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究studytheproblem2.want,hope,wishwant打算，想要，wanttodo,wantsb.todo,hope希望〔通常可以实现〕，hopetodo/hopethat…wish希望〔通常不能实现〕wish(sb.)todo,wishsb/sth.+n.Iwishyousuccess.3.discover,invent,findoutdiscover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent创造本来不存在的物体，findout发现，查明Atlasthefoundjz*\n..outthetruth.1.answer,replyanswer及物动词，reply不及物动词，后接toreplytotheletter2.leave,leaveforleave离开，leavefor前往HeleftBeijingforShanghai.3.rob,stealrob抢劫robsb.ofsth.，steal偷stealsth.fromsb.4.shoot,shootatshoot射死，shootat瞄准，但不一定射中Heshotthebirdanditdied.5.drop,jz*\n..falldrop及物不及物均可，fall不及物动词Pricesfell/dropped.Hedroppedhisvoice.1.search,searchforsearch后接地点，searchfor后接东西Hesearchedhispocketformoney.2.usedto,beusedtousedto过去常常，beusedto习惯于，后接sth./doingsth.；被用来，后接dosth.Heisusedtogettingupearly.3.win,lose,beatwin后接sth.，反义词为lose,beat后接sb.winthegame,beatthem4.liveon,livejz*\n..byliveon以…为主食，liveby靠…谋生liveonfish/livebyfishing1.beat,hit,strikebeat连续性地击打；hit打中，对准打；strike打一下或假设干下beatthewings2.lose,misslose失去〔具体的物体〕，错过sth.islost,losethechance；miss想念，错过sth.ismissing,missthechance3.careabout,careforcareabout关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否认句中；carefor关心，照料，喜欢，愿意jz*\n..Hedoesn'tcareabouthisclothes.Idon'tcareformovies.1.catchacold,haveacoldcatchacold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而haveacold可以Shehashadacoldforaweek.2.continue,last二者均为持续，continue主动，被动均可，last只能用主动Thewarcontinued/lastedfiveyears.Thestoryistobecontinued.3.feed,raisefeed喂养，养活，饲养(togivefoodto)，raise饲养，养育(causetogrow,jz*\n..bringupchildren)raisethefamily1.goforadoctor,gotoadoctorgoforadoctor去请医生，gotoadoctor去看病2.notice,observe,catchsightofnotice注意到，observe观察，仔细地看，catchsightof突然看到observethestars3.look,seem,appearlook指从外表上看，seem指内心的判断，appear指给人以外表的印象appearwise,looklikehisfatherjz*\n..1.gather,collectgather把分散的东西集中到一起，collect指精心地、有选择地进展收集collectstamps2.diefrom,dieofdiefrom表示死于〔枪〕伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，dieof表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素dieofhungerandcold3.divide,separatedivide把一个整体分成几局部，separate把连在一起的个体分开dividetheapple,separatethehousesjz*\n..1.arrive,get,reacharrive不及物动词，后接in(大地点)，at(小地点)，get不及物动词后接to，reach及物动词arriveinBeijing,gettoBeijing,reachBeijing2.grow,plantgrow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其开展下去，plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plantthetrees,treesaregrowing3.manage,trymanagetodo设法做成了某事，trytojz*\n..do尽力去做某事但不一定成功Hetriedtopasstheexam,buthefailed.1.build,putup,setup,foundbuild一般用语，建成，putup临时搭建，setup建成〔内部的设施根本齐全〕，found国家或组织的建成putupatent,setupaschool2.befamiliarto,befamiliarwithbefamiliarto某物对某人来说是熟悉的，befamiliarwith某人熟悉某物Thebookisfamiliartome.I'mfamiliarwiththebook.3.agreewith,agreeto,agreeonagreewith同意某人，agreejz*\n..to同意某事，agreeon在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数agreewithyou,agreetotheplan1.throwto,throwat　　throwto扔到…,throwat朝…扔Hethrowastoneatme.2.receive,acceptreceive收到某一东西，但不一定承受，accept承受Ireceivedagift,butIdidn'tacceptit.3.wear,puton,dresswear和dress表状态,wear接衣服等,可用进展时，dress接人,bedressedin,putjz*\n..on表动作It'scoldoutside.Putonyourwarmclothes.1.listen,hear　　listen强调动作，hear强调结果Ilistened,butIheardnothing.2.look,see,watchlook看的动作，see看的结果，watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和开展watchTV3.lie,lay　　lie躺，位于(lay,lain),说谎(lied,lied)，lay平放(laid,laid)laythebook4.hurt,injure,jz*\n..woundhurt感情上受伤，injure事故中受伤，wound战争中受伤Hewaswoundedinthewar.1.turn,get,growturn表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get强调变的结果，grow强调过程，逐渐的变化turnyellow,gettired,growbig2.close,shut,turnoffclose和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turnoff用于指有开关的物体Close/Shutthedoor.TurnofftheTV.3.begin,jz*\n..startbegin侧重时间的开场，反义词为end，start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stopClassbeginsat7:30a.m.1.happen,takeplacehappen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生，takeplace必然性的发生Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometown.2.at,in(表地点)　　at小地点，in大地点arriveatasmallvillage,arriveinShanghai3.dayafterday,daybydaydayafterday日复一日〔无变化〕；daybyday一天天地〔有变化〕Treesgrowjz*\n..tallerdaybyday.1.like,as　　like相似关系，但并不等同，as同一关系，两者实为一体Don'ttreatmeasachild.(Infact,I'machild.)2.after,in(表时间)　　after接时间点，in接时间段after7:00,infiveminutes3.between,amongbetween两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间,among三者或三者以上之间SwitzerlandliesbetweenFrance,Germany,AustraliaandItaly.jz*\n..1.after,behind(表位置)after强调次序的先后，behind强调物体静态位置的前后Therearemanytreesbehindthehouse.2.since,for(完成时间状语)since接点时间或一句话，for接一段时间forthreeyears,since3:003.onthecorner,inthecorner,atthecorneronthecorner物体外表的角上，inthecorner物体内部的角落里，atthecorner物体外部的角落上〔拐角处〕onthecornerofthetable4.onearth,ontheearth,inthejz*\n..earthonearth在世上，在人间，到底，终究，一点也不，ontheearth在地上，在地球上，intheearth在地下，在泥土里nouseonearth1.insurprise,toone'ssurprise,bysurpriseinsurprise惊奇地，toone'ssurprise使某人吃惊的是，bysurprise使…惊慌Thequestiontooktheprofessorbysurprise.2.inthemarket,onthemarketinthejz*\n..market表示场所或地点，在市场上，onthemarket出售Hesellsfishinthemarket.Freshvegetablesareonthemarketnow.1.through,across　　through穿越空间，across在…上穿过throughtheforest,acrossthedesert2.ontheway,inthewayontheway在前往…的路上，intheway挡路Thechairisintheway.3.above,on,over　　above在上面，不接触，on在上面，接触，over在正上方flyoverthehill4.until,not…untiluntil到…为止，jz*\n..not…until直到…才〔常跟点动词连用〕Iwaiteduntil3:00.Hedidn'tcomeuntil3:00.1.besides,except,exceptforbesides除了…还〔包括在内〕except除了〔不包括在内〕，exceptfor整体…除了某一点以外Thecompositionisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.2.whether,if当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用ifIdon'tknowif/whetherhewillcome.Ifhecomes,I'llletyouknow.3.and,jz*\n..orand并且，or或者，否那么，常用于否认句中Idon'tlikeapplesorbananas.Hurryupandyou'llcatchthebus.Hurryuporyou'llmissthebus.1.because,since,as,for原因由强到弱为：because,since/as,for.在句中的位置如下：1)…because…2)Since/as…,…3)…,for…SinceIwasill,Ididn'tgo.2.when,as,while(表时间)when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可，as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进展，while从句动词为持续性动词WhileIslept,athiefbrokein.jz*\n..1.thesame…as,thesame…thatthesame…as和…一样的〔相似但不同一〕，thesame…that同一物体ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.(同一支笔)2.aswell,aswellasaswell也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既…又；aswellas并列连词，不但…而且…Heisaprofessor,andawriteraswell.3.such…as,such…thatsuch…as像…样的，such…that如此…以至于Heisnotsuchafoolashelooksjz*\n..like.Heissuchagoodstudentthatalltheteacherslikehim.1.because,becauseofbecause连词，连接两句话，becauseof介词短语，后接词或短语Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofhisillness.2.inorderthat,inorderto表目的，inorderthat后接句子，inorderto后接动词原形Igotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.jz*\n..1.forexample,suchasforexample一般只列举一个，suchas列举多个例子IhavebeentoalotofAmericancities,suchasNewYork,AtlantaandChicago.2.usedto,would表过去常常，和现在相对应用usedto，不提现在用wouldIusedtogetupearly,butnowIdon't.3.Allright.That'sallright.That'sright.Allright.That'sallright.jz*\n..当好吧解时，可以替换；当不客气，没关系解时只能用That'sallright.That'sright.那是对的---Sorry.---That'sallright.1.such…that,so…that当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词，so…that修饰形容词或副词，但名词前面如果有many,much,little,few修饰用so…that，不用suchthatsomanypeoplethat…suchalovelyboy=solovelyaboy2.so+be(have,can,do)+主语，neither(nor)+be(have,can,do)+主语也一样，肯定用so…否认用neither(nor)---Ican'tplaytennis.---Norcanjz*\n..I.1.ShallI…"Willyou…"　　ShallI…"征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？Willyou…"请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？Willyouhelpme"Yes,Iwill. jz*