初中英语非谓语动词讲解 14页

..非谓语动词之“动词不定式〞详解非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定式1〕作主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.[说明]动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g.Itis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.e.g.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2〕作表语〔表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词〔be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词〕之后。〕e.g.Mywishistobecomeateacher.3〕作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g.Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.e.g.Hetoldmetobehereontime.4〕作定语：e.g.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.5〕作状语：e.g.Hestoppedtohavealook.[说明]动词不定式的否认形式：not+to+动词原形构成e.g.Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：jz*\n..疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。e.g.(1)Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine.(2)Howtousethemachineisaquestion.(3)Thequestioniswhentogothere.3、省去了to的动词不定式1〕let,have,make+do2〕感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to。注意：在被动语态中那么to不能省掉。e.g.Isawhimdance.　=Hewasseentodance.e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3〕wouldrather，hadbetter+do4、动词不定式的特殊句型：1〕too…to…+todo：e.g.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2〕enoughtodo：e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3〕Whynot+doe.g.Whynottakeaholiday"4〕soas(not)todo:表示目的e.g.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5、不定式的难点：1〕用作介词的“to〞：比方说lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto，后面都是+doing的！2〕It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.的区别jz*\n..二、动词ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词1．动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1〕动名词作主语：e.g.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动2〕动名词作表语e.g.Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3〕动名词作宾语：e.g.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。[说明]有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto,。6〕动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。e.g.asmilingface笑脸swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐车2．动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进展。这种用法通常用在以下动词中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observee.g.1〕TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。2〕Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。3．动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的：begintodobegindoingjz*\n..continuetodocontinuedoingstarttodostartdoing下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的：stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing【专练】1.Don'tforget_________theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_________.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is______necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow"A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim________here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.Mothertoldme________thewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil6.Onmywayhome,Istopped_______somefood.jz*\n..A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought7.LiYangadvisedme_________toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking8.He______twomillionyuan______avaseattheauction.A.spent,buyB.cost,buyingC.paid,buyD.spent,buying9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois__________.A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim10.Johnwasmade_______thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing11.________isonething,________isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Said,didD.Tosay,do12.I’lltry________thesamemistakesagain.A.tonotmakeB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.notmaking13.It’stoohard________itbyhimself.A.nottodoB.todoC.thatIdoD.doing14.It’stimeforsports.Let’s______bowling,shallwe"A.goB.togoC.goingD.goes15.‘Mr.Zhou,you’dbetter______toomuchsugar.Youarealreadyoverweight,’saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat1．Ifyoukeep________(fight)withhim,youmayhurtyourself.jz*\n..2．Thestudentsarebusy________(prepare)forthecomingexam.3．Hisdutyis________(save)thesickpeople.4．Ihavenothing___________(send)you.5．Theyweremade___________(work)tenhoursaday.6．Nooneknowswhat___________(do)next.【提高题】I.选择题。1.Thedoctorcame______oureyes.A.toexamineB.forexaminingC.astoexamineD.examining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus_______hard.A.toworkB.workC.workingD.worked3._______ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessary.A.CleaningB.CleanCleanedD.Toclean4._______isourduty______goodservicetocustomersA.That,togiveB.This,givingC.It,togiveD.It,giving5.Ittookyears______thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuildingC.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis_____ahouseoftheirown.A.tohaveB.forhavingC.haveD.ofhaving7.Theteacheragreed_____us_____thetestpapershome.A.tolet,takeB.tolet,totakeC.letting,takeD.let,takejz*\n..8.WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heoffered_______mehisbicycle.A.lendingB.lentC.tolendD.inlending9.Idon'tlike_______people_________abouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talkingB.tohear,talkingC.tohear,totalkD.hearing,talked10.Ihaven'tdecided________A.totakewhichtrainB.whichtotakeatrainC.whichtraintotakeD.whichtraintaken11.Youmustremember____meaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.givingB.togiveC.gaveD.give12.ProfessorBrowntaughthisstudents______English,andhelearned______Chinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speakingB.howtospeak,tospeakC.howspeaking,speakingD.howspeak,tospeak13.—Sorry,Iforgot_________youthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.—That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.tellingB.ItoldC.toldD.totell14.Iwonder_________himornot.A.ifinviteB.whethertoinviteCtoinviteD.iftoinvite15.Ihope_________yourself.A.youtomanageB.foryoutomanageC.youmanagingD.thatyoucanmanage16.—Wouldyoulike________youthewaythere"jz*\n..—It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowingB.thatIshowC.meshowD.metoshow17.Theoldmansaidthathe'dprefer______aloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.livingB.toliveC.thathelivesD.forhimtolive18.IknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenher____upfromchildhood.A.growB.grewC.wasgrowingD.togrow19.Sincenobodytoldher______,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedidB.todowhatC.whattodoD.whatshetodo20.Myauntshowedme_____.A.howtomakeadressB.howadressbemadeC.howmakingadressD.howadressmade21.Aftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetried______moreexercises______.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedidD.finding,done22.ThepolicemantoldSmith______afterdrinking.A.tonotdriveB.notdrivingC.notdriveD.nottodrive23.Tomkeptquietabouthismistake_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto24.Patshouldlove______littleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totakeB.takingC.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotakejz*\n..25.Weenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran26.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_______.A.turnitoffB.toturnitoffC.thatIturneditoffD.thatIshouldturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped_______underabigtree.A.restingB.torestC.restD.thattheywouldrest28.—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem"—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeB.tellingC.totellD.iftelling29.Hepromised______adoctorformyson.A.metogetB.thathegotmeC.megettingD.methathegot30.Fathertoldtheboy______thedogafewbonesafterdinner.A.thathegaveB.togiveC.givingD.gave.31._________thatmoneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.A.ForgettingB.GetC.SoastogetD.Inordertoget32.Ithinkyouare_________mealsyourself.A.enougholdtocookB.oldenoughtocookC.oldenoughforcookingD.enougholdcooking33.Themathsproblemis_________difficult_________.jz*\n..A.so,astoworkoutB.very,toworkoutC.too,toworkoutD.quite,workedout34.LastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.comingB.cameC.tocomeD.come35.Haveyouanythingimportant____us"A.totellB.tellingC.toldusD.youtell36.—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell"202—Yes.Hewasthesixthman_____onthemoon.A.walkingB.walkedC.towalkD.ofwalking37.Itisnice________her__________so.A.for,tosayB.for,sayingC.of,tosayD.of,said38.Isn'titaniceway_____thehardproblem"A.tosolveB.insolvingC.solveD.solving39.You'dbetter_________heraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotellB.nottellC.tonottellD.totellnot40.Whatacoincidence!Dr.Brownhappened_______thedoctorIwaslookingfor.A.hewasB.beingC.tobeD.tobeingII.填空题。1.Factoriesdonotletoutdirtywater____________________(为了不污染河流).2.Herjobis_________________.(照顾医院里患病的孩子)jz*\n..3.Inthesupermarketthecollegestudentslearned____________________.(如何为顾客效劳)4.ThereweresomanytoysthatJudydidn'tknow____________________.(挑选哪一个).5.Theonlytroubleis_____________________.(如何保护这些电脑)6.Hewillsavemoney_____________________________.(为了支付将来的大学费用)7.Thenurse__________________________________.(不允许孩子们玩火柴)8.Thismedicinewill________________.(帮你入睡)9.Theywillbesent_______________(到非洲当医疗队员).10.Theboyaskedhisteacher__________________________.(让他自己修理冰箱)11.Thequestionis__________________.(是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题).12.Thistelephoneis_____________________.(足够小可以放进口袋)13.Thisbookwilltellyou______________________.(如何使这台电脑储存信息)14.I________________________.〔没有答复试卷上的最后一个问题〕15.Itisnoteasy______________________________.(一个人戒烟)16.Youcantakeataxithere________________________.(而不是步行去)17.Theundergroundtrainis________________________.(足够快可在20分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场).18.Thelecturehallis__________________.〔太小容纳不下500个学生〕19.Juliahurriedtoschool__________________________.(没有吃早餐).20.Itoldthestudents__________________________.〔不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里〕21.Thomas____________________________________.(有许多问题要问教师)22.Doyouknowthesaying“_______________________.〞〔活到老学到老〕jz*\n..23.Jacksaw_____________________.(牛跑回来)24.Athensranalltheway__________________________________(把好消息告诉他的人民).25.Hewasthefirstman___________________________________.(骑骑自行车做环球旅行)26.Theyenjoy____________________________________.(爬山和野营)27.Assoonastheteacherentered,heasked_____________________________(我们停顿讲话).28._____________________(在一个半小时内做完这份试卷)isalmostimpossible.29.Wewerehappy________________________________.(看到他们回到营地)30.Wouldyoumind_______________________________.？(我在你办公室打)答案：I.1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.A8.C9.B10.C11.B12.B13.D14.B15.D16.D17.B18.A19.C20.A21.A22.D23.B24.A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31.D32.B33.C34.D35.A36.C37.C38.A39.B40.CII.1.soasnottopollutetherivers2.totakecareofthesickchildreninthehospital3.howtoservecustomersjz*\n..4.whichtochoose5.howtoprotectthesecomputers6.soastopaythecollegeexpensesinthefuture7.didn'tallowthechildrentoplaywithmatches8.helpyoutogotosleep9.toworkinAfricaasmembersofamedicalteam10.tolethimrepairthefridgehimself11.whetherornottoletthechildrensolvetheproblemthemselves12.smallenoughtofitintoapocket13.howtomakethiscomputerstoreinformation14.failedtoanswerthelastquestioninthetestpaper15.foronetogiveupsmoking16.insteadofwalking17.fastenoughtomovefromourschooltothestadiumintwentyminutes18.toosmalltoholdfivehundredstudents19.withouthavingbreakfast20.nottothrowthecansanddrinksbottlesintotheriver21.hadmanyquestionstoaskhisteacher22.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn23.thebullrunback24.totellhispeoplethegoodnews25.totravelaroundtheworldonhisbicyclejz*\n..26.climbingmountainsandgoingonacampingtrip27.ustostoptalking28.Tofinishdoingthetestpaperinoneandahalfhours29.toseethemreturntothecampsite30.mymakingatelephonecallinyourofficejz*