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学习必备欢迎下载(外研版)初中英语笔记初二(上)Module1howtolearnEnglish1.Whydon’t(you)do⋯是用来表示提出某种建议。如:---Whydon’twedrivetothepark?---OK./Allright./That’sagoodidea.当我们提建议时,还可以使用其他句型:Whynottakeawalkinthepark?What/HowaboutgoingtoEuropeforaholiday?2.else“其他”,一般用在疑问词或某些代词之后,如:Whoelsedidyouseeatthemeeting?Doesanyoneelsewanttoreadthisbook?3.It’sagoodideatodo⋯“做⋯⋯是个好主意”4.paper,advice作不可数名词,表达“一张纸”、“一条建议”可用apieceofpaper和apieceofadvice。几张或几条则用:基数词+piecesof⋯5.try(not)todo⋯“尝试(不)做⋯⋯”Youshouldtrytoeatmorefruit.6.remembertodosth.记得做某事Remembertobringsomethingtodrink.7.forgettodosth.忘记做某事Iforgettocallhim.精品学习资料可选择pdf第1页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载8.asksb.(not)todosth.要求某人(不)做某事。Theteacheraskedustocometoschoolontime.9.enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun玩得愉快Module2experiences1.现在完成时⑴⑵⑶:have/has+动词的过去分词㈠①用于表示在以前的某个时间曾经做过的、发生的事情,这种行为对目前有某种影响;②还可以表示到目前为止曾经经历或没经历的事情;③要表达某一行为或某一状态从过去某一时间一直持续到现在,也可用现在完成时表示。如:Ihaveseenthefilm.Idon’twanttoseeitagain.IhavenevervisitedtheUSA.IhavelivedinBeijingfor10years.㈡常与现在完成时连用的时间状语:yet,never,ever(用于疑问句或否定句中);already,just,recently(用于肯定句中)。They’rejustheardamessagefromaspaceraft.㈢对一段时间的提问:howlong⋯回答:since+时间点或for+一段时间---HowlonghaveyoulivedinBeijing?---Since2008./Forfouryears.㈣在现在完成时中,点动词(非延续性动词)一般不与表示延续精品学习资料可选择pdf第2页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载的时间状语连用。非延续性动词延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词comebackbebackleavebeawaybuyhavelearnknowborrowkeepputonweardiebedeadmarrybemarryIborrowedthebookthreeweeksago.改为:Ihavekeptthebookforthreeweeks.㈤点动词的谓语动词是否定形式,则可与表示一段时间的for短语连用。如:Myparentshaven’tseenmefortwoyears.㈥过去分词的变化形式大部分与动词的过去式形式相同,但不规则动词的变化无规律,如:see—saw—seen,send—sent—sent,be—was/were—been,break—broke—broken,keep—kept—kept,have/has—had—had,buy–bought—bought,make—made—made,go–went—gone,do–did—done.2.①havebeenin“一直呆在某个地方”,与时间状语连用。TheyhavebeeninBeijingfortwoweeks.②havebeento“去过某地,已经回来”。---HaveyoueverbeentoLondon?精品学习资料可选择pdf第3页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载---Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.③hasgoneto“去了某地,还没回来”,常用于第三人称。MyfatherhasgonetoWuhan,andhe’llbebackthisweekend.Module3journeytospace无Module4education1.geton(well)withsb./sth.“和⋯⋯相处(融洽)”或“⋯⋯进展(好)”。Hedoesn’tgetonwellwithhisparents.2.eight-year-old为合成形容词,一般要用连字符连接起来,而且,year也不用复数形式。如:an80-pagebook一本80页的书athree-roomapartment三室的套房3.withthehelpof表示“在⋯⋯的帮助下;借助于”。如:Theyworkedoutthemathsproblemwiththehelpoftheteacher.4.because“因为”,后接从句;becauseof“因为”,后接名词或名词短语。Hedidn’tgototheparkbecauseitrained.Hedidn’tgototheparkbecauseoftherain.5.lookafter=takecareof“照顾”Whowilllookafterthebaby?6.payfor“支付”7.borrowfrom“从⋯⋯借来⋯⋯”;len精品学习资料可选择pdf第4页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载Module5westernmusic1.①反意疑问句:助动词/系动词be+主语(代词)它的构成是前肯后否,前否后肯。---Youaren’tateacher,areyou?你不是老师吧?---Ohyes,Iamateacher.不,我是老师。---Hedidn’tcometothemeeting,didhe?他没来开会,是吧?---No,hedidn’t.对,他没来。②陈述句部分有否定意义的词,反意疑问句要用肯定式。如:never,noone,few,little,hardly,nothing⋯2.“使某人怎么样”:makesb.dosth.makesb.+形容词Sadfilmsalwaysmakemecry.HiswaltzsmadehimfamousalloverEurope.3.notonly⋯butalso“不仅⋯⋯而且⋯⋯”Shenotonlysang,butalsodanced.Module6afamousstory1.①过去进行时:was/were+v.-ing一般来说,表示在过去某一时间正在发生的动作,都可以用过去进行时。如:Ididn’thearthephone.MyfatherwaswatchingTVthen.②常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:精品学习资料可选择pdf第5页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载atthetime,atfiveyesterday,then,atthistimeyesterday,lastnight,thewholemorning⋯2.what⋯for?=why?为什么。如:Whatdowegotoschoolfor?Whydowegotoschool?3.bedoing⋯when⋯表示一个动作在进行,另一个动作又发生了。如:Theywereworkinginthefieldswhenitbegantorain.4.inthetree表示人、鸟等外来物在树上;onthetree表示花、果实长在树上。5.smileat⋯对⋯⋯微笑。6.get+形容词:“变得”Theweatherisgettingcold.7.复合不定代词:something,nothing,everything,anything⋯⋯如果形容词修饰这些复合不定代词,形容词置于后面。如:nothingstrange8.动词不定式todo作后置定语时,可修饰复合不定代词。如:nothingtodo9.seesb.dosth.看见某人做了某事(习惯性或经常性)seesb.doingsth.看见某人正在做某事(正在做)如:Isawsheenterthehouse.Isawheplayingbasketball.(类似的有hear,feel,watch,notice.)精品学习资料可选择pdf第6页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载10.①goacross=cross“穿过”,强调穿过某一平面(田野、桥等)。②through从某一空间内穿过。(门gate、深林forest)③past从某事物的一旁经过④over从平面的一边到另一边或越过某个高度⑤along/down表示沿着(街道、河流等)11.not⋯until直到⋯⋯才12.toomany+可数名词“太多”,toomanypeopletoomuch+不可数名词“太多”,toomuchmusicmuchtoo+形容词“太⋯⋯”muchtoohot13.havetodosth.必须做某事Ihadtostayathometolookafterher.14.too⋯to/⋯enoughto“太⋯⋯而不能”Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Theboyisn’toldenoughtogoschool.Module7feelingandimpressions1.表感觉和知觉的系动词:feel,look,touch,smell,sound,taste⋯后接形容词。Doesthepartysoundnoisy?Thecakedoesn’ttastedelicious.Helooksangry.Theshirtfeelssoft.精品学习资料可选择pdf第7页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载2.①hearfrom收到⋯⋯的来信。宾语为人Wehaven’theardfromherforages.Howwemissher.“收到⋯⋯的来信”还可这样表达:get/receivealetterformsb.②hearof/hearabout听说;听到3.Whatdoessb.looklike?询问外貌4.⑴beafraid+从句“害怕⋯⋯”I’mafraidthatyoucan’tgowithme.⑵beafraidtodosth.“害怕做某事”(没有勇气,不敢做)Hewasafraidtogooutaloneatnight.⑶beafraidofdoing⋯“害怕做某事”(害怕某事发生在自己头上,有可能发生,也有可能不发生)Heisafraidoffallingintotheriver.⑷beafraidofsb./sth.害怕某人某事。I’mnotafraidofyou.5.①beproudof⋯为⋯⋯而自豪Herparentsareproudofher.②beproudtodo⋯为做某事而感到自豪6.be/getangrywithsb.生某人的气Igotangrywithmyself.7.agreewithsb./sth.赞同某人某事8.can’twaittodosth.迫不及待地想做某事Thefanscan’twaittoseetheirfavoritepopstar.精品学习资料可选择pdf第8页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载9.“也”。①too用于口语(肯定句中),置于句末,用“,”隔开。Nicetomeetyou,too.②either用于否定句中。Shecan’tspeakChineseandherhusbandcan’t,either.③also用于实义动词之前,系动词、情态动词、助动词之后。Heisalsoasinger.④aswell用于肯定句句末。Shecandanceandshecansingaswell.10.aren’tbeing⋯arebeing不是⋯⋯而是⋯⋯Theyaren’tbeingfriendly—theyarepolite.11.thanks/thankyoufor+n./v-ing.感谢⋯⋯.Thankyouforlovelypresent.Thankyouforcoming.12.abit与alittle“有点”同:abit/alittle+adj./adv.异:alittle+不可数名词:alittlemilkabitof+不可数名词:abitofmilkModule8aroundtown1.①方位表达方式,常用的方位介词:ontheleft/right在左边/右边精品学习资料可选择pdf第9页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载nextto与⋯⋯紧挨着opposite在⋯⋯对面onthecornerof在⋯⋯拐角处between⋯and⋯在⋯⋯和⋯⋯之间inthemiddleof在⋯⋯中间crossing十字路口②例句:Thebankisnexttothemarket.Thesupermarketisoppositetherestaurant.Takethethirdturningontheleft.Module9animalsindanger1.动词不定式㈠㈡㈢:(可作主语、宾语、补语、表语、状语、定语)结构为“(not)to+动词原形”(有时可不带to)。Toseeistobelieve.//Itisagoodideatobringyourcamera.Iwanttohaveadrink.Shetoldmetobuyaticket.Ourdutytodayiscleanthefloor.Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.2.常见的动词不定式的语用功能:⑴后接to+动词原形作宾语的有:want,hope,plan,decide,try,agree,精品学习资料可选择pdf第10页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载offer,like,love⋯多表示将来的行为。如;Itriedtounderstandthewords,.⑵itis⋯todosth.做某事怎么样It’sgoodtogetupearlyinthemorning.⑶sb.be+形容词+todo⋯表示某人对某件事情的态度。Iwassurprisedtohearthatnews.⑷sth.be+形容词+todo⋯表某一事物的某种属性。Theseapplesarenotgoodtoeat.⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.3.indanger处于险境;处于危险之中Thegirlisveryillandherlifeisindanger.4.takeaway把⋯⋯带走;减去Ifyoutake4awayfrom12,youget8.5.liveon以⋯⋯为生;(靠吃⋯⋯)维持生命。Sheepliveongrass.6.alongwaytogo路还很长;还需要努力。I’vegotthefirstprize.ButIknowI’vegotalongwaytogo.7.比较级+and+比较级:越来越⋯⋯longerandlonger8.①enough做形容词,“充足的;足够的”,在句中做定语或表语,做定语时放在修饰词之前。Wehaveenoughtimetofinishthework.精品学习资料可选择pdf第11页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载②enough做副词时,修饰形容词、副词或动词,放在修饰词之后。Areyouwarmenoughinsuchalightjacket?9.suchas与forexample“例如”,前者用于举多个例子,无逗号隔开。如:Manyanimalsindangersuchastigers,whales,turtles.Module10LaoSheTeahouse1.双宾语:①“动词+人+物”或“动词+物+to/for+人”,其中,人称为间接宾语,物为直接宾语。如:Mybrotherboughtmesomestorybooks.Mybrotherboughtsomestorybooksforme.②常见的接双宾语的动词:give,bring,lend,send,show,leave,buy,tell,teach,sell⋯③for表示“为某人”;如:buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.readsb.sth.=readsth.forsb.⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯.④to表示“给某人”;如:givesb.sth.=givesth.tosb.(其他bring,lend,hand,send,show,leave,teach,sell,offer⋯)精品学习资料可选择pdf第12页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载2.introducesb./sth.tosb.向某人介绍⋯⋯CanyouintroduceyourselftousinEnglish?3.takeplace发生4.giveawelcome欢迎Module11theweather1.情态动词may/might:表示一般将来的可能性,might的可能性比may的可能性小。如:Bringyourswimsuitbecauseyoumightwanttoswiminthesea.ImaygotoEnglandoneday.2.其他表形容词和副词:Itispossiblethat⋯Itispossibletodosth.主语+willprobably/possibly+v.(probably的可能性比possibly的可能性大)3.hadbetterdosth.最好做某事。bettergetgoing相当于hadbettergo“最好现在去/走”4.takephotosof⋯“给⋯⋯拍照”Shetookalotofphotosofthekids.5.fromtimetotime=sometimes有时6.表天气名词+y结尾构成其形容词形式。如:cloud—cloudy,rain—rainy,snow—snowy,精品学习资料可选择pdf第13页,共14页-----------------------\n学习必备欢迎下载wind—windy,sun—sunny,fog—foggy,Module12traditionallife1.情态动词must,canmust表示“必须做某事”,含主观看法。mustn’t表示“禁止做某事”。---MustIgetupearly?---Yes,youmust.---No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.can表示允许;can’t表示“不能;不要”,即不允许。Youcangoandseetheliondance.---MayIopenthewindow?---Yes,youmay./No,youcan’t.2.accept与receive“收到”,receive表收到但不一定接受。如:Shereceivedapresent,butshedidn’tacceptit.3.bedifferentfrom与⋯⋯不同BirthsEnglishisdifferentfromAmericanEnglish.4.shakehandswithsb.与某人握手精品学习资料可选择pdf第14页,共14页-----------------------