初中英语被动语态专题 20页

  • 84.00 KB
  • 2022-08-13 发布

初中英语被动语态专题

  • 20页
  • 当前文档由用户上传发布,收益归属用户
  1. 1、本文档由用户上传,淘文库整理发布,可阅读全部内容。
  2. 2、本文档内容版权归属内容提供方,所产生的收益全部归内容提供方所有。如果您对本文有版权争议,请立即联系网站客服。
  3. 3、本文档由用户上传,本站不保证质量和数量令人满意,可能有诸多瑕疵,付费之前,请仔细阅读内容确认后进行付费下载。
  4. 网站客服QQ:403074932
.-中考英语被动语态考点归纳与例析【命题趋势】被动语态是各地中考重要考点之一,考察容主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时以及含有情态动词的被动,考察题型主要是选择题,词汇应用和翻译句子等,预计2021年被动语态的考察重在适当语境中应用被动,动词填空,完成句子等为主考点。【概念讲解】 语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,汉语往往用‘被’,‘受’,‘给’等词来表示被动意义,英语里的被字句就叫被动。被动语态由“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词〞构成。Eg:He wrote the letter. 〔主动语态〕 The letter was written by him. 〔被动语态〕-.word.zl\n.-被动语态的时态变化只变be的形式,be后面的过去分词不变,也就是说被动构造中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化【主动语态变被动的方法】1.把主动语态里的宾语变为被动里的主语2.把主动语态里的谓语动词加be作为被动里的谓语3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by短语。〔①by短语可省略,②by后的代词用宾格〕【主动变被动解题步骤】1.找宾语----即动作的承受者2.判断宾语的单复数----即be动词的单复数3.判断动词的时态----即be动词的时态.4.修改谓语的形式----即原句动词改为过去分词5.修改原句的主语----即by+〔原主语/代词那么用宾格〕.Eg:Theymakeshoesinthatfactory.-.word.zl\n.-Shoesaremadebythem主变宾,宾变主,谓动bedone时不变,人称、数、格随着变小试牛刀:〔2021模拟〕teenagershavetobe18yearsoldbeforethey____todriveacar.AareallowedBisallowedCwillbeallowedDallow【被动的几种句式】肯定句:主+be+过去分词+(by~)否认句:主语+benot+过去分词+(by~)一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by~)?特殊疑问句:疑问词(5W1H)+be+主语+过去分词+(by~)?小试牛刀:〔2021预测卷〕Englishiswidelyusedaroundtheworld.(试变成以上几种句式)【考点归纳:】 -.word.zl\n.-1、五种常考根本时态〔一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时〕和带情态动词的被动语态用法。  ①一般现在时:am/is/are+及物动词的过去分词 Eg:I'm asked to take care of myself.Football is played all over the world②一般过去时:was/were+及物动词的过去分词Eg:Thehousewasbuiltin1988Hislegwasbrokeninthecaraccident③.一般将来时:will/shall+be+及物动词的过去分词Eg:Morefactorieswillbebuiltinthefuture.④现在完成时:have/hasbeen+过去分词Eg:WehavebeenlearntEnglishfor15years.Luxun’sbookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguages.⑤.带情态动词的被动语态:“情态动词+ be +过去分词〞构成。Eg:Teenagersshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes. 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由“情态动词+be+过去分词〞构成,即can/may/must/should+be+过去分词-.word.zl\n.-1.Wecanrepairthiswatchintwodays.→Thiswatchcanberepairedintwodays.2.Theyshoulddoitatonce.→Itshouldbedoneatonce.【主变被的特殊情况】1.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态即feel,hear,listen,have,make,let,look,watch,see,notice,这些词在主动句中,其后的动词不定式不加to,但变被动句时必须加to.Eg:Hemadetheboyworkfortwohoursyesterday.(他昨天让那男孩工作了两小时)→Theboywasmadetoworkbyhimfortwohoursyesterday.  2.MotherneverletsmewatchTV.→IamneverlettowatchTVbymother.2、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态的用法:英语中有一些动词可以接双宾语,如 tell, show, buy, ask, pass, write, do, make,sell, send, sing, give, answer, teach, offer, pay, promise, allow-.word.zl\n.-等,即是说这些动词后面会同时出现人和物做宾语,指物的叫直接宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语。变为被动语态时如果指物的宾语作主语,指人的宾语前要用介词for或to。常见的接双宾语的动词有:to:pass,give,teach,show,bring,handfor:make,buy,draw,sing,get,以“人〞当主语时,变法和一般的变法一样;以“物〞当主语时,在保存的间接宾语〔人〕前必须加to或for.Eg:hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Abookwasgiventomebyhim.3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态不及物动词没有宾语,因此没有被动语态。但有的不及物动词后面加上介词及其他一些词类构成短语动词之后,其作用相当于及物动词,才可以接宾语,因而也可以变为被动语态。在变成被动语态时,不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.常见动词短语的被动语态-.word.zl\n.-takecareof-betakencareofcutdown-becutdownlaughat-belaughedatlookafter-belookedafter以下这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式,不需再加-bybecoveredwith…用…覆盖着beinterestedin…对…感兴趣besurprisedat…对…感到惊奇bemadeof〔from〕用…制造的【常见被动句式】 在汉语中,有一类句子不需要出现主语,在英语中一般可用被动构造来表示,例如:1.据说……     It is said that …         2.据报导…… It is reported that …3.据推测……  It is supposed that …     4.希望……  It is hoped that …5.众所周知…… It is well known that …   6.普遍认为…… It is generally considered that … -.word.zl\n.-7.有人建议……  It is suggested that …8.Itis(was)agreed(believed/decided/hoped/thought......〕that......大家同意〔相信、决定、希望、认为〕.....9Itis(was)takenforgrantedthat......被视为当然10.Itmustberememberedthat......务必记住......11.Itmustn’tbeforgottenthat......千万别忘记......12.Itis(was)said(reported,heard,told,suggested)that......据说(报道、听说、告知、建议......)例句:1) It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow. 2) It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp..【典型例题】〔〕1.TheOlympicGames___________everyfouryears.AareheldBwereheldC.areholdingD.willho1d〔〕2.Intheartshow,alotofenjoyment__toforeignfriendsbytheChinesepaintings.A.isgivingBisgivenCwillgiveDhasgiven〔〕3.TodayChineseisbecomingmoreandmorepopular.-.word.zl\n.-It_________in.manyschoolsaroundtheworld.A.teachesB.isteachingC.hastaughtD.istaught〔〕4.BaJin,oneofthegreatestwritersinChina,________as"People'sWriter".A.isregardedB.hasregardedC.isregardingD.regards〔〕5.Usuallycomputers_________tosearchtheInternet.A.useB.areusingC.areusedD.used〔〕6.--Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?--Yes.Ourclassroom__________everyday.A.cleanB.cleansC.iscleaned〔〕7.一DidyouhearthatwaterinTaiLakesmeltterrible?一Yes.Infact,it____.That'sallbecauseofthepeopleandthefactoriesaround.A.pollutedBwaspollutedChaspollutedD.waspo11ute〔〕8.--Ourenvironmentisgettingworsethanbefore.-.word.zl\n.---You'reright.ButthankstoEarthDay_______,peoplehavedonemoreandmoreusefulthingstoprotect(保护)theearthsinceEarthDay.A.isstartedB.wasstartedC.hasstarted〔〕9.---IfeelveryhappythatI____tobethehost.---Congratulations!A.chooseB.amchosenC.waschosenD.havenchosen〔〕10.Manytreesandflowers______inourschoollastyear,andtheymadeourschoolabeautifulgarden.A.plantB.plantedC.haveplantedD.wereplanted〔〕11.Somefamouspaintings__________inthehallnextweek.A.willshowB.wereshownC.isshownD.willbeshown〔〕12.Atalkondevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyintheschoolhallnextweek.-.word.zl\n.-A.givenB.willbegivenC.hasbeengivenD.gives〔〕13.---Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity.---Right.Manymoderntallbuildingshavebeen______thesedays.A.turnedupB.putupC.shownupD.fixedup〔〕14.Twelve-year-oldsshouldnottodriveinChina.A.allowB.beallowC.allowedD.beallowed〔〕15. —Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom?   —Yes,ourclassroom______everyday. A.clean        B.cleans   C.iscleaned    D.Cleaned三、课后练习〔〕1.—Susan,whyareyoustillhere?Theyareallreadytostart.   –I’msorry,butI_____whentomeet.A.don’ttell       B.didn’ttell     C.haven’ttold    D.wasn’ttold-.word.zl\n.-〔〕2.Manyoldhousesaroundourschool____nextyearandalargegreenareawillappear.A.pulldown B.willbepulleddownC.willpulldown D.arepulleddown〔〕3.---Mywatch______.---Don’tworry.Let’sgototheLost&Found.A.islostB.isbrokenC.hasfoundD.hasstopped〔〕4.---DidyougotoSam’sweekendparty?---No,I___________.A.amnotinvitedB.wasn’tinvitedC.haven’tinvitedD.didn’tinvite〔〕5.--Howoften______yourschoolsportsmeeting______?--Onceayear.A.does;holdB.was;holdC.is;heldD.did;hold〔〕6.OnMay30th,,onebowlintheMingdynasty(明朝)_______atthepriceof30.36millionHongKongdollars.A.sellB.soldC.-.word.zl\n.-issoldD.wassold〔〕7.The"Thousand-handGuanyin"____bymanypeopleasthebestperformanceatCCTV'sSpringFestivalEvening.A.hasbeenregardedB.areregardedC.hasregardedD.regards〔〕8.—Thoseeggsofdifferentcolorsareverybeautiful.—Yes,they______inHangzhou.A.paintedB.werepaintingC.werepaintedD.hadpainted〔〕9.---Don’tlittertheground,boy,Lookatthesign::“Rubbishintothedustbin.〞---Sorry.A,hasthrowB,wasthrowC,mustthrowD,mustbethrown〔〕10.The29th0lympicGames__inBeijingin2021.A.willholdBwillbeheldC.hold〔〕11.Thegirlwasoftenheardhappilyinherroom.-.word.zl\n.-A.singB.tosingC.singingD.sings〔〕12.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_________inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild〔〕13.Itisreportedthatmorenewteachingbuildings_________inourschoolinthenextterm.A.willbebuiltB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.willbuild〔〕14.Thesickboy_________tohospitalbythepoliceyesterday.A.istakenB.wastakenC.takesD.took〔〕15.--It’sdifficultforthevillagechildrentocrosstheriverforschool.--Ithinkabridge_________overtheriver.A.wasbuiltB.isbeingbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.shouldbebuilt〔〕16.--David,turnofftheTV________nooneiswatchingit.-.word.zl\n.---Butit________offalready!Themusicisfromtheradio.A.sothat,hasbeenturned    B.when,hasturnedC.if,hasbeenturned    D.because,hasturned〔〕17.UsuallyJohntoschoolinhisfather’sbeautifulcar.A.hastakenB.istakingC.istakenD.hasbeentaken〔〕18.Don’tputofftoday’sworkfortomorrow.Imean,today’swork_________today.A.maydoB.mustdoC.maybedoneD.mustbedone〔〕19.--Look,whatanoldpalace!Itlookssogreat!--Yeah,it________nearly800yearsago.A.wasbuildingB.wasbuiltC.hasbuiltD.isbuilt〔〕20.Don’tdiscusstheproblemswithyourpartnerunlessyou_________todoso.A.askB.areaskedC.willaskD.willbeask-.word.zl\n.-一般现在时1A。[解析]考察被动语态,根据句意,“奥运会每四年举行一次〞可见须用一般现在时的被动语态,故排除了B、C、D。2[答案]B。[解析]此题考察被动语态,句中alotofenjoyment是动作的承受者。“在这次艺术展中,一些有趣的东西通过中国国画展示给外国朋友。〞3[答案]D。[解析]考察被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。4[答案]A。[解析]选用一般现在时态的被动语态,表示人们对这位伟大作家的爱戴。5[答案]C。[解析]从句子看,电脑作主语,是动作的承受者,所以用被动语态,应选C。6.[答案]C。[解析]考察被动语态物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。一般过去时1[答案]B。考察被动语态。物作主语,一般要考虑被动语态。但如果动词指的是物的特性,不能用被动语态。2[答案]B。[解析]从句意:“……自从‘地球日’开场以来,人们已做了一些越来越有用的事保护环境。〞可知,“地球日〞的开场,要用一般过去时的被动语态,其构成为wasstarted应选B。-.word.zl\n.-3.We________intofivegroupstogototheoldpeople'shome.Wedidmanythingstocheerthemup.[市]A.dividedB.aredividedC.weredivided3[答案]C。[解析]此题主要考察被动语态的用法。根据句意及语境可推知空格处应用被动语态的形式。由后一句"Wedidmanythings.〞可推断,时态应该是一般过去时。因此选C。4C5D一般将来过去1[答案]D。[解析]此题综合考察时态和语态。主语为“一些名画〞,在此为动作“展出〞的承受者,故应用被动语态,时间状语为nextweek,是表示将来的时间状语,所以句子时态是一般将来时,所以D项正确。2B答案B答案:D。情态动词用于被动构造为:情态动词+be+过去分词。答案为C。句中有everyday,主语为ourclassroom,故要用一般现在时的被动语态。【参考答案】1.答案D-.word.zl\n.-解析:依据句意:对不起,但我不知道什么时候见面。强调动作发生在过去,I和tell之间是被动关系。2.答案B解析:由题干时间nextyear科知识将来时态,句子主语是oldhouses,应用被动语态。应选B。3.答案A解析:由Let’sgototheLost&Found.可知,说明表丧失了。应选4.答案B解析:由DidyougotoSam’sweekendparty?可知述过去的动作的发生,I和invite之间存在着被动关系。应选B。5.答案C解析:Howoften+一般疑问句?此句型用来提问在某一特定时间进展某个动作的次数,表示“多长时间一次〞。往往针对频度副词如:always,seldom,usually,onceamonth,sometimes,everyfiveminutes.等提问,常用于现在时或过去时。由题干yourschoolsportsmeeting作主语,谓语应用被动语态。应选C。6.答案D解析:由OnMay30th,,可知动作发生在过去;其主语是onebowl与sell存在被动关系。7.答案A解析:依据题意:“千手观音〞被许多人认为是中央电视台春节联欢晚会最好的节目。表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在的影响或产生的结果,应用现在完成时。其主语是The"Thousand-handGuanyin",要用被动语态。应选A。8.答案C解析:they指代Thoseeggsofdifferent-.word.zl\n.-colors,主语是物,故用被动语态。依据构造,应选C.。9.答案D解析:依据句意:垃圾必须扔进垃圾箱里。表示“命令〞,句子主语是垃圾,应用被动语态。10.答案B解析:考察一般将来时的被动语态。由in2021可知是将来时,运动会应该是“被举行〞,所以使用一般将来时的被动语态:will+be+过去分词。11选B。考察使役动词的被动语态。在主动语态中heard后用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,而在被动语态中动词不定式符号to需补上。由关键信息wasoftenheard可直接断定正确答案为B。12选A。考察一般将来时的被动语态。由关键信息inthenextterm可知要用一般将来时,先排除B、C二项;另结合题意“据报道我们学校在下个学期有更多的教学楼被建造〞可知要用被动语态,故舍D选A。13选A14选B。由时间状语yesterday可知此题要用一般过去时,先排除A、C二项;另根据题意“那个生病的男孩被警察送到了医院〞可知要用被动语态,故舍D选B。15选D16-.word.zl\n.-选C。考察现在完成时的被动语态。结合题意“如果没有人看电视就关掉它〞可知第一个空是条件状语从句;另由关键信息“Themusicisfromtheradio.〞可知“〔电视〕已经关掉了〞,要用现在完成时的被动语态,故正确答案为C。17选C18选D。考察含情态动词的被动语态。由题意“今天的工作必须在今天被做完〞可知此题要用被动语态,先排除A、B二项;结合题意可舍C选D。19选B。考察一般过去时的被动语态。由时间状语nearly800yearsago可知要用一般过去时,先排除C、D二项;另结合题意“它〔古老的宫殿〕在近800年前被建造的〞可舍A选B。20选B教育之通病是教用脑的人不用手,不教用手的人用脑,所以一无所能。教育革命的对策是手脑联盟,结果是手与脑的力量都可以大到不可思议。-.word.zl

相关文档