初中英语名词复数、语法大全 12页

-.记熟并完成后面的练习：初中英语名词复数可数名词有单数〔SingularForm〕和复数(PluralForm)两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式，表示一个以上的人或物用复数形式。1．一般在词尾加-s。s在浊辅音后面读[z]，在清辅音后面读[s]，在[t]后与[t]一起读[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读[dz]。例如：book—books书day—days天、日dog—dogs狗tree—trees树2．以s，sh，ch，x结尾的词在词尾加-es，读[iz]例如：glass—glasses玻璃杯watch—watches手表box—boxes盒子brush—brushes刷3．以o结尾的词有些加-es，读[z]；有些加-s，读[s]。例如：tomato—tomatoes西红柿potato—potatoes土豆photo—photos相片radio—radios收音机zoo—zoos动物园4．以f或fe结尾的词，先把f改为v，再加–es，读[vz]。例如：knife—knives小刀leaf—leaves树叶life—lives生命thief—thieves小偷5．以辅音字母加y结尾的，先把y改为i，再加-es，读[z]。例如：story—stories故事city—cities城市family—families家庭baby—babies婴儿注意：boy—boys男孩toy—toys玩具key—keys钥匙6．有些名词有不规那么的复数形式。例如：man—men男人woman—women妇女tooth—teeth牙齿foot—feet脚7．有些名词的单复数形式一样。例如；deer—deer鹿sheep—sheep绵羊Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人8．有些学科名词虽以s结尾，但通常都做单数名词对待。例如：physics物理maths数学politics政治news新闻9．有些单数形式的名词具有复数的含义，要当作复数对待。例如：-.word.zl.\n-.people人们，人民police警察public公众练习一、写出以下名词的复数形式。 movie     life     knife     fryleaf     photo     radio     piao zootomato     potato   bus  watch      box       bookmap    catfilm    door     month     horse      picture   classboy      toothwoman     eye     tooth     German      Chineseman      footballchild       classroom     monkey      Frenchman二、 选择填空：1.Therearesome________onthehill.A.sheepsB.asheepC.sheepD.sheepes2.MrBlackoftengivesus________byEmail.A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation3.Therearesomenewbooksintheschoollibrary.Theyare____books.A.childB.childrens'C.childrenD.children's4.Ihavewornoutmyshoes,soIwanttobuyanew________.　A.pairB.oneC.onesD.trousers-.word.zl.\n-.5.Meimei'shandwritingisbetterthananyother______inhisclass.　A.studentsB.studentsC.student'sD.students'6.Thehospitalisabitfarfromhere.It'sabout_______.　A.fortyminutes'swalkB.fortyminute'swalk　C.fortyminuteswalkD.fortyminutes'walk　7.Howmany_____arethereinyourclass?　A.JapaneseB.AmericanC.AustralianD.Canadian8.Ifoundmyblackcatin_____room.A.JimandMikeB.JimandMike'sC.Jim'sandMike'sD.Jim'sandMike　9.Howmucharethe_____?　A.breadB.meats.C.potatosD.tomatoes　10.Therearemany______inourschool.　A.womanteachersB.woman'steachersC.womenteachersD.women'steachers　11.Threemonths________alongtimeforme.　A.isB.areC.haveD.has　12.Thereare______and______onthetable.　　A.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforanges　　B.twoboxescake;fourbottleoforange　　C.twoboxesofcakes;fourbottlesoforange　　D.twoboxofcakes;fourbottlesoforanges三、 选择填空：-.word.zl.\n-.[1].They are________A:man doctor        B:men doctors      C:men doctor        D:man doctors[2]There are five_____ in the hill.A:sheep             B:sheeps          C: goose            D:deers[3] Those white socks____small.A:are               B:is              C: am              D:do[4]We have many_____in our school.A:woman teacher     B:women teachers   C: woman teachers   D:women teacher[5]Do you like _____?A:vegetable          B: vegetables       C:an vegetable[6]How many_____do they have?A:picture            B: pictures         C:a picture[7]There are six ____in the room.A:volleyball          B:volleyballs       C:a volleyball       D:volleyballs[8]Are these ____teachers?A:woman            B:women          C:womans[9]It is ____.A:milk               B:a milk          C:an molk           D:milks[10]It’s a ____.It isn’t an ____.A:apple, egg          B;cake,egg         C:egg,orange,        D:egg,cake[11]Tom and Jim are ___.A:friends             B:friend            C:brother           D:sister-.word.zl.\n-.[12]Where are his ____?___the dresser.A:keys ,They are on    B:key, They are on    C:keys, It is at    D:key,It is in [13]Are those your ____?A:bookes            B:boxs               C:apples           D:apple[14]There is ____in our room.A:a picture and five maps                    B:five maps and a pictureC:two pictures and five maps                 D: two picture and five map初中英语语法大全一、名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：-.word.zl.\n-.一〕在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二〕x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三〕1〕以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,edy-edies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories2〕以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四〕以o结尾加s〔外来词〕。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五〕以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六〕单复数一样〔不变的〕有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese七〕一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks八〕单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九〕合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数那么同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十〕有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一〕单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词那么只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二〕特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-Englishmen二、名词的格1．当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一〕单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s-.word.zl.\n-.二〕复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节三〕由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如：MikeandBen’sroom迈克和本的房间〔共住一间〕，Mike’sandBen’srooms迈克和本的房间〔各自的房间〕2．代词工程人称代词物主代词指示代词反身代词人称主格宾格形容词名词性第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人称单数sheherherhersherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsthisthatitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthesethosethemselves3．动词A〕第三人称单数当动词是第三人称单数时，动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s，如下：一〕一般在词后加s。如：es,spells,waits,talks,sees,dances,trains二〕在x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：watches,washes,wishes,finishes三〕1〕以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如：study-studies,hurry-hurries,try-tries2〕以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：plays,says,stays,enjoys,buys四〕以o结尾加es。如：does,goes五〕特殊的有：are-is,have-hasB〕现在分词-.word.zl.\n-.当我们说某人正在做什么事时，动词要使用分词形式，不能用原形，构成如下：一〕一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling,sing-singing,see-seeing,train-training,play-playing,hurry-hurrying,watch-watching,go-going,do-doing二〕以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing,wake-waking,take-taking,practice-practicing,write-writing,have-having三〕以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母〔注意除开字母组合如show–showing,draw-drawing〕要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。如：put-putting,run-running,get-getting,let-letting,begin-beginning四〕以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如：tie-tying系die-dying死lie-lying位于4．形容词的级我们在对两个或以上的人或物进展比照时，那么要使用比拟或最高级形式。构成如下：一〕一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾那么直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest,shorter–shortest,taller–tallest,longer–longest,nicer-nicest,larger-largest二〕以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母(字母组合除外，如few-fewerfewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er/est。如：big-biggerbiggest,red-redderreddest,hot-hotterhottest三〕以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如：happy-happierhappiest,sorry-sorriersorriest,friendly-friendlierfriendliest(morefriendlymostfriendly),busy-busierbusiest,easy-easiereasiest四〕特殊情况：(两好多坏，一少老远)good/well-betterbestmany/much-moremostbad/ill–worseworstlittle-lessleastold-older/elderoldest/eldestfar-farther/furtherfarthest/furthest5．数词(基变序，有规那么；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾，变为i,eth跟上去。)first,second,third;fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth;seventh,tenth,thirteenth,hundredth;twenty-twentieth,forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth二、句式1.述句肯定述句-.word.zl.\n-.a)Thisisabook.(be动词)b)Helooksveryyoung.(连系动词)c)Iwantasweatlikethis.(实义动词)d)Icanbringsomethingstoschool.(情态动词)e)There’saputeronmydesk.(Therebe构造)否认述句a)Thesearen’ttheirbooks.b)Theydon’tlooknice.c)Katedoesn’tgotoNo.4MiddleSchool.d)Katecan’tfindherdoll.e)Thereisn’tacathere.(=There’snocathere.)2.祈使句肯定祈使句a)Pleasegoandasktheman.b)Let’slearnEnglish!c)ein,please.否认祈使句a)Don’tbelate.b)Don’thurry.3.疑问句1)一般疑问句a)IsJimastudent?b)CanIhelpyou?c)Doesshelikesalad?d)DotheywatchTV?e)Isshereading?肯定答复:a)Yes,heis.b)Yes,youcan.c)Yes,shedoes.d)Yes,theydo.e)Yes,sheis.否认答复:a)No,heisn’t.b)No,youcan’t.c)No,shedoesn’t.d)No,theydon’t.e)No,sheisn’t.2)选择疑问句Isthetablebigorsmall?答复It’sbig./It’ssmall.3)特殊疑问句①问年龄HowoldisLucy?Sheistwelve.②问种类Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?Ilikeactionmoviesandedies.③问身体状况Howisyouruncle?Heiswell/fine.④问方式Howdo/canyouspellit?L-doubleO-K.-.word.zl.\n-.Howdowecontactyou?Myaddressiscindyjones163..⑤问原因Whydoyouwanttojointheclub?⑥问时间What’sthetime?(=Whattimeisit?)It’saquartertotena.m..Whattimedoyouusuallygetup,Rick?Atfiveo’clock.Whendoyouwanttogo?Let’sgoat7:00.⑦问地方Where’smybackpack?It’sunderthetable.⑧问颜色Whatcolorarethey?Theyarelightblue.What’syourfavouritecolor?It’sblack.⑨问人物Who’sthat?It’smysister.Whoistheboyinblue?Mybrother.Whoisn’tatschool?PeterandEmma.WhoareLisaandTimtalkingto?⑩问东西What’sthis/that(inEnglish)?It’sapencilcase.Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseesomebroccoli,strawberriesandhamburgers.〔11〕问What’syouraunt’sname?HernameisHelen./She’sHelen.What’syourfirstname?Myfirstname’sBen.What’syourfamilyname?Myfamilyname’sSmith.12问哪一个Whichdoyoulike?Ilikeoneinthebox.13问字母Whatletterisit?It’sbigD/smallf.14问价格Howmucharethesepants?They’re15dollars.15问What’syourphonenumber?It’s576-8349.16问谓语(动作)What’shedoing?He’swatchingTV.17问职业(身份)Whatdoyoudo?I’mateacher.What’syourfather?He’sadoctor.三、时态-.word.zl.\n-.1、一般现在时表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有：Be动词：She’saworker.Issheaworker?Sheisn’taworker.情态动词：Icanplaythepiano.Canyouplaythepiano?Ican’tplaythepiano.行为动词：Theywanttoeatsometomatoes.Dotheywanttoeatanytomatoes?Theydon’twanttoeatanytomatoes.Ginahasanicewatch.DoesGinahaveanicewatch?Ginadoesn’thaveawatch.2、现在进展时表示动词在此时正在发生或进展就使用进展时态，构造为sbbev-ingsth+其它。They’relisteningtothepopmusic.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.A〕名词的数我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，而不可数名词它没有复数形式，但可数名词却有单数和复数之分，复数的构成如下：一〕在后面加s。如：fathers,books,Americans,Germans,apples,bananas二〕x,sh,ch,s,tch后加es。如：boxes,glasses,dresses,watches,wishes,faxes三〕1〕以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es如：baby-babies,family-families,duty-duties,edy-edies,documentary-documentaries,story-stories2〕以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days,boy-boys,toy-toys,key-keys,ways四〕以o结尾加s〔外来词〕。如：radios,photos,但如是辅音加o的加es：如:tomatoes西红柿,potatoes马铃薯五〕以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives,wife-wives,half-halves,shelf-shelves,leaf-leaves,yourself-yourselves六〕单复数一样〔不变的〕有：fish,sheep,deer鹿子,Chinese,Japanese七〕一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants,shorts,shoes,glasses,gloves,clothes,socks-.word.zl.\n-.八〕单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察,class班，同学,family家，家庭成员九〕合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：actionmovie-actionmovies,penpal-penpals;但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数那么同时为复数。如：mandoctor-mendoctors,womanteacher-womenteachers十〕有的单复数意思不同。如：fish鱼fishes鱼的种类,paper纸papers报纸，卷子，论文,work工作works作品，工厂,glass玻璃glasses玻璃杯，眼镜,orange桔子水oranges橙子,light光线lights灯,people人peoples民族,time时间times时代,次数,chicken鸡肉chickens小鸡十一〕单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s。如：Is(I’s),Ks(K’s)。但如是缩略词那么只加s。如：IDs,VCDs,SARs十二〕特殊形式的有：child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,mouse-mice,policeman-policemen,Englishman-EnglishmenB〕名词的格当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时，我们就要使用所有格形式。构成如下：一〕单数在后面加’s。如：brother’s,Mike’s,teacher’s二〕复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如：Teachers’Day教师节,classmates’;Children’sDay六一节,Women’sDay三八节三〕由and并列的名词所有时，如果是共同所有同一人或物时，只加最后一个’s，I’mplayingbaseball.Areyouplayingbaseball?I’mnotplayingbaseball.Nancyiswritingaletter.IsNancywritingaletter?Nancyisn’twritingaletter.Aretheylisteningthepopmusic?Theyaren’tlisteningtothepopmusic.-.word.zl.