初中英语被动语态讲解 3页

英语被动语态讲解英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一、被动语态的构成英语动词的被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be必须与主语的人称和数量保持一致，并有时态的变化。例如：Themanwasfooledbythetwoboys.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.二、被动语态的用法（1）动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。例如：Streetlightsareoftenturnedonatsixinwinter.Thenewtestbookwillbeusednextterm.（2）当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时，要用被动语态。例如：Thiskindofbicycleisnotsoldinourshop.Thethiefwascaughtbyapolicemanyesterday.（3）含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中的一个主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语在变为间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。例如：Thepianistgavethepupils(间接宾语)someadvice(直接宾语)→Thepupilsweregivensomeadvicebythepianist.→Someadvicewasgiventothepupilsbythepianist.(4)在主动语态句中动词make、have、let、see、watch、hear、feel等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语，动词不定式不加to。但变成被动语态时后面的不定式都须加上to。例如：Thebossmadethemworktenhoursaday.→Theyweremadetoworktenhoursaday.Aboysawhimenterthehouse.→Hewasseentoenterthehouse.三、被动语态的时态教材中出现了四种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。一般现在时构成：助动词be+动词的过去分词例如：Thiskindofcarismadeinshanghai.一般过去时构成：助动词was/were+动词的过去分词例如：Thebridgewasbuiltin1992.现在进行时构成：be+being+动词的过去分词例如：Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltinmyhometown.一般将来时构成：will/begoingtodo+be+动词的过去分词例如：Thesebooksaregoingtobepostedtomorrow.带有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词例如：Canthiswalkmanberepairedhere※主动语态改为被动语态的步骤：\n①主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态句中的主语；②主动语态句中的动词改为相应的被动语态；③主动语态句中的主语变为被动语态句中by的宾语。主动语态句中的谓语动词带有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语时，转换方法有两种：①把间接宾语转化为主语，保留直接宾语②把直接宾语转化为主语，保留间接宾语。此时，一般需在间接宾语前加适当的介词（通常是介词for或to)。在短语seesb.dosth.中，动词see后跟不带to的不定式作宾补。改为被动语态时要加上to。用于这一结构的谓语动词一般是表示知觉的动词如see,hear,watch,find等，以及使役动词make,let等。第三节巩固练习Ⅰ.把下列主动语态改为被动语态:1、WeoftenusearecorderinourEnglishclass.2、Theywillshowanewfilmnextweek.3、Whendidtheybuildthehouse4、Isawtheboyentertheroom.5、Willtheyshowanewfilmnextweek6、Havetheypostedtheletteryet7、Weoftenseehimhelphisclassmate.8、Youmustturnoffthelightbeforeyougoto9、Whoisrepairingthebike10、Thestudentshouldlearnallthetextsbyheart.Ⅱ.选择填空:1.Thereadingroom________yesterdayafternoon.A.cleanedB.iscleanedC.wascleaningD.wascleaned2.Theworkersweremade________tenhoursaday.A.workB.toworkC.workingD.worked3.Food________inacoolplaceinsummer.A.mustkeepB.mustn’tkeepC.mustbekeptD.mustn’tbekept4.Hisfather________toworkinHongKong3yearsago.A.sentB.wassentC.hassentD.hasbeensent5.Thepen________well.A.writesB.iswrittenC.waswrittenD.writing6.Greatchanges________inthetownsince1988.A.havetakenplaceB.havebeentakenplaceC.hastakenplaceD.hasbeentakenplace7.Ourcompositionsmust________nextMonday.A.behandinB.behandedinC.handedinD.behandingin8.Thechildwill________backtohisparentsnextmonth.A.sentB.sendC.besentD.besending9.____hiswork____yetA.have…beenfinishedB.has…beenfinishedC.has…finishedD.have…finished10.Theclassroom________now.A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleaningC.isbeingcleanedD.iscleanedⅢ.用适当时态和语态的动词填空:\n1、Canhe________(speak)English2、Whatlanguage________(speak)inthatcountry3、Thefilm________(show)manytimessincelastSunday.4、TheseTVsets________(make)inSichuan.5、Ithasgotsodark.Wouldyouplease________(turn)onthelight6、Anewhospital________(build)inthisareanow.7、________thebook________(return).8、Rice________(grow)inthesouth.9、Thewindow________(notbreak)bytheboy.10、I________(tell)he________(notcome)justnow.