初中英语名词专项讲解 7页

NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹名词一导入：有一天，一只老钟对一只小钟说：你一年里要摆525600下啦。”小钟吓坏了，说哇,这么多，这怎么可能？！我怎么能完成那么多下呢！”这时候，另一只老钟笑着说：不用怕，你只需一秒钟摆一下，每一秒坚持下来就可以了。”小钟高兴了，想着：一秒钟摆一下好像并不难啊，试试看吧。果然，很轻松地就摆了一下。不知不觉一年过去了，小钟已经摆了525600下！很简单的故事，却寓意着深刻的道理，当我们面对大困难的时候，往往望而怯步，孰不知只要根据实际，分期制定小目标，一一完成就行了。二专题讲解：掌握要点：名词的分类（专有名词和普通名词）名词的数1）区分可数名词和不可数名词，区分方法2）可数名词的复数变化，分为规则变化及不规则变化名词所有格含义、构成两种形式：’所有格及of所有格知识点：一、名词的分类1.专有名词：名字（人名、地名、书名、机构名卜与国家有关的（国家、国民、语言卜日期（节日、星期、月份）例句：MynameisLucy.IamaChinese.IwillgototheGreatWallonMonday.2.普通名词：包括可数名词和不可数名词「个体名词表示个体的人或事物例：sister、table、bike、window可数名词.集体名词表示一群人或一些事物例：family、police、class、group不可数名词《物质名词-抽象名词表示构成物体的物质或材料例：water、air、wood表示状态、品质、行为、感情等例：danger、interest区分方法：将物体分成两半，如果每半不能叫原名，则为可数名词，如果还可叫原名，则为不可数名词。注：有些单词意义发生变化，单复数也发生变化，例：glass作玻璃杯时可数，作玻璃时不可数。身兼二职的名词对照表glassfishchickentime可数玻璃杯鱼类小鸡次、倍不可数玻璃鱼肉鸡肉时间orangelightpaperhair可数叱电灯报纸/试卷（几根）头发不可数橘汁光纸头发exerciseidealifework可数练习题士忌/忌见生命著作不可数锻炼了解生活工作NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹\nturkeyradioyouthexperience可数火鸡收音机青年人经历不可数火鸡肉无线电年轻、青春经验interestroom可数爱好房间不可数兴趣空间【注意】（1）family,class等词作为一个整体时视为单数，强调其家庭/族成员或班级成员时视为复数;（2）部分有生命的集体名词本身就是复数的概念：①police指警察、警官的总称，本身表示复数。Thepolice（主语）+谓语动词复数②people指人们、人民，本身表示复数。（The）・•・people+谓语动词复数people指民族，有单、复数变化e.g.fifty-sixpeoples五十六个民族二、名词的单复数形式（1）规则变化：名词的复数构成，通常是在单数形式后面加-s或-es1、一般情况在词尾直接加s,例bagso2、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的词力口-es,例bus-busesbox-boxes3、以辅音字母+y”结尾的词，y变成i加-es例city-cities;以元音字母+y”结尾的词，直接加s。4、以。结尾的除potato（马铃薯）、tomato（西红柿）、hero（英雄）力口es,其余直接加s。5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f或fe为v力口es,roof、proof直接加-s,例life-liveswife-wivesroof-roofs。（2）不规则变化1、单词拼写发生变化man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenfoot-feettooth-teethmouse-micechild-children2、某国人变复数，口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面例：anEnglishman-EnglishmenanAmerican-Americans3、单复数形式相同常用分以下几类：表小动物的名词deer鹿，fish鱼，sheep绵羊，bison野牛，crab螃蟹表示人的名词Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人，kin亲属craft及由-craft构成的名词craft飞机，aircraft飞机，spacecraft太空船表示数量的名词Hundred百，thousand千,million白力，dozen——打，score二十其他series系歹U;species种类；means方法NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹\n(3)不可数名词一般只用单数，它不能与例：acupofcoffee(一杯咖啡)a/an及数次搭配使用。表示数量时用量词搭配。threepiecesofpaper（三张纸）twoglassesofmilk（两杯牛奶）fourbottlesofwater（四杯水）三、名词所有格含义：名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系表示形式：一种是BeijingisChinaThisisTom'Lilyisthekey'所有格，一种是of所有格'scapital.=BeijingisthecaptitalofChina.sbike=ThisisthebikeofTom.sowner尸Lilyistheownerofthekey.1、’斫有格构成单数名词及不以s结尾的复数名词，只需在词尾加‘，s如Lucy'spein^西的钢笔Children'sDayL童节）；以s结尾的复数名词，只加’，如thestudents'book^们的书。2、几个人共有的东西，只需在最后一个人的名词后加’s,口LucyandLily'sbedroom和莉莉的卧室）。表示各自所有，则每个名词都加‘s如Lucy'sandLily'sdesks的桌子和莉莉的桌子）。3.of所有格：1）.of用来表示无生命的名词所有格。themapofChinathedooroftheroom2）.双重所有格：of+名词所有格of+名词性的物住代词Heisafriendofmy（brother）.Issheadaughterof（you）?典型例题讲解1.Theygotmuchfromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.newsD.stories2.Ihavetwoandthreebottlesofhere.A.orange,orangeB.oranges,orangesC.oranges,orangeD.orange,oranges3.EveryeveningMr.Kingtakesatohishome.A.25minutes'walkB.25minute'swalkC.25minutewalkD.25minuteswalk4.Anoldwantstoseeyou.A.peopleB.personC.thepeopleD.theperson5.Helpyourselfto.A.chickensandapplesB.chickensandappleC.chickenandappleD.chickenandapples6.Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo.NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹\nD.roomsnumbersA.room'snumberB.rooms'numberC.roomnumbers1.ShehasbeeninTianjinfortenyears.TianjinhasbecomehersecondNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹A.family8.B.houseC.homeD.roommotherscouldn'tgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹A.MaryandPeterC.Mary'sandPeter2.MaryandPeterD.Mary'sandPeterNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹9.LiLeihasbeentoA.heruncle।manytimesthismonth.B.heruncle'sC.herunclesD.auntsNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹inteaching.10.HeisasuccessasaleaderbuthehasnNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹A.manyexperiencesB.muchexperienceNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹A.youD.yoursisterC.anexperience11.AclassmateofB.yourD.alotexperiencewasheretenminutesago.C.yoursisterNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹12.AgroupofaretalkingwithtwoNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹A.Frenchmen,GermansB.Germans,FrenchmansNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹C.Frenchmans,GermenD.Germen,FrenchmenNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹13.Theteamhavingameeting.A.isB.are14.“WouldyoulikeC.am?D.be,please.NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹A.drink,ThreecoffeesB.acupofdrink,CoffeesNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹C.adrink,Acoffee15.TheGreatWallwasmadenotonlyby,butalsothefleshandbloodofmen.A.earthandstone,millionsofB.earthsandstones,millionsC.theearthandstone,millionofD.theearthsandstones,millionsD.adrink,ThreecupsofcoffeesNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹三巩固训练:1.Thisisreading-room.A.theteacher'EBxteacher'(s.teacher'D.theteachers2.Nothingwasfoundbutbroken.A.theroomwindowB.theroom'swindowC.theroomofthewindow!thewindowofroom3.Howmanywouldyoulike?A.paperB.breadC.piecesofpapersD.piecesofbread4.HewaspraisedforhisA.braveB.braveryC.bravelyD.greatbrave5.Pleasegetmeanewwhenyougototown.A.clothesB.dressC.clothingD.trousers6.Thereare34doctorsinthehospital.A.womanB.womenC.woman'sD.women's7.Someareeventhinnerthanyourlittlefinger.A.bambooB.bamboosC.kindsofbambooD.kindsofbamboos8.HewasborninthistownandnowhelivesinA.BuildingsecondB.BuildingTwoC.theBuildingTwoD.BuildingtheSecond9.Oldasheis,hehastodoeveryday.A.alotofworkB.muchworksC.lotsofhomeworksD.quitealotofhomeworksNoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹\n2.Jack'sroomisfurnishedwith.A.newfurnituresB.manynewfurnituresC.manynewpiecesoffurnituresD.manynewpiecesoffurniture3.Haveyoureadnewspaperyet?A.today'sB.Today'sC.thetoday'sD.yourtoday's4.It'snotfar,onlywalkfromheretoourschool.A.atenminutesB.tenminutesC.atenminutes'D.tenminutes'5.Lastmonth,hewrotemeletter.A.a1000-wordB.1000wordsC.a1000-wordsD.1000words'6.Hehadasleepyesterday.A.agoodnightB.agood-nightC.agoodnight'sD.good-night's7.isnotalongwaytodrive.A.ThreemilesdistanceB.Three-miledistanceC.Threemiles'distanceD.Athree-mile-distance8.Hisisn'tfitforthework.Pleasegetme.A.somethingelseB.somebodyelseC.someoneelse'sD.somebody'selse9.Doyouknowhowlargeis?A.populationofChinaB.ChinesepopulationC.ChinapopulationD.China'spopulation10.istoomuchfortheboytocarry.A.TheboxweightB.Thebox'sweightC.TheweightoftheboxD.Theboxoftheweight11.Excuseme,howcanIgettothenearestshop?A.shoesB.shoeC.shoes'D.shoe's12.Whatweatherwe'rehavingthesedays!A.niceB.aniceC.abadD.worse13.Theysaythatthemeetingwillbe.A.ofveryimportantB.greatimportanceC.ofgreatimportanceD.greatimportant14.I'mgoingtocallatthisevening.A.MrBlackB.theBlacksC.MrBlack'sD.Blacks'15.WhatDarwinsaidwasanattackonpeople'sreligiousA.beliefB.beliefsC.beliefsD.believs16.Therearesomewaitingforyououtside.A.GermanB.AmericanC.grown-upD.Japanese17.Theirfactoryhasdevelopedakindoftohelppeoplewalk.NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹\nA.machineB.machinesC.amachineD.themachine2.There'remanyinmybrother'salbum.A.leafsB.toysC.booksD.stamps3.YesterdayIwenttothesupermarketandboughtalotof.A.tomatoesB.potatosC.vegetableD.meats4.UponhearingwhatIsaid,hisrose.A.angerB.angryC.angrilyD.angriness5.Excuseme,canyouchangethisforme?A.five-poundnoteB.fivepoundsnoteC.five-poundnotesD.fivepoundsnotes6.YouhavetomakeforyourjourneyA.preparingB.preparationC.apreparationD.preparations四课堂过手训练：1.Wehaven'tgotmuchforourpicnic.Willyougoandgetsome?(07)AappleBtomatoCbreadDbiscuit1.1'vereadsportsnewsabouttheFlracetoday.(05)AtwoBpiecesCtwopieceDtwopiecesof3.Linda,I'veboughtmany.Nowlet'smakethebirthdaycake.(03)A.fresheggsB.chocolatemilkC.frozenfoodDricedumplings4.YoucangetmuchabouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.(01)A)mapB)pictureC)ticketD)information5.Comeon,children.Helpyourselvestosomeifyoulike.（07年南通）AfishesandchickenBfishesandchickenCfishandchickenDfishesandchickens6.TheygotmuchontheInterne.（07年天津）AphotoB.ideasCmessageD.information7.Inthestreetsthereareofdifferentcoloursandsizes.A.taxiB.thetaxiC.thetaxisD.taxis8.Thesegirlswillbecome.whentheygraduatefromthemedicalcollege.A.womandoctorsB.women'sdoctorsC.womendoctorsD.thewomendoctor's9.Usuallyareverycarefulindoingexercises.NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹\nA.girlstudentsB.girlsstudentsC.girls'studentsD.girl'sstudents3.Thewaitressbroughtus.A.glassesofjuicesB.glassesofjuiceC.glassofjuicesD.glassofjuice五学生反思总结：NoCross,Nocrown不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹