初中英语专题-宾语从句 12页

宾语从句     宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：   Hesaid（that）hewantedtostayathome.     Shedoesn'tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.     Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：   Doyouknowwho（whom）theyarewaitingfor?   Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.   CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?   Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如 Iwanttoknowif（whether）helivesthere.   Heaskedmewhether（if）Icouldhelphim.【宾语从句歌诀】宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。\n展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。【歌诀解码】一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：  1.由that引导的宾语从句。如     Weknew（that）weshouldlearnfromeachother.  2.由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如     Pleasetellmeif/whetheryouhavebeentoAmerica.  3.由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：     CanyoutellmehowIcangettothenearestpostoffice? 二、三关1.引导词关    如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。\n2.语序关  ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：    Heisanhonestboy.Theteachersaid.→Theteachersaid（that）hewasanhonestboy.②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：    Doesheworkhard?Iwonder.→Iwonderif/whetherheworkshard.    Whendidheleave?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhenheleft.3.时态关  ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：    Ihear（that）hewillcomebacknextweek.  ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：    Hesaid（that）therewerenoclassesyesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：      Hesaidthat lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用  1.\n从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：  “MayIuseyourknife?”Heaskedme.→Heaskedmeifhemightusemyknife.  “Doyouknowhertelephonenumber?”Heaskedme.→HeaskedmeifIknowhertelephonenumber.  2.宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：  Whowillgiveusatalk?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknowwhowillgiveusatalk.  Doyouknow?Wheredoeshelive?→Doyouknowwherehelives? 四、两副面孔    if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：    Ifitrainstomorrow,Iwon’tcome.（时间状语从句）    Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.（宾语从句） 五、从句的简化  1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：  Shefoundthatthewalletwaslyingontheground.\n  →Shefoundthewalletlyingontheground.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：  Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.  3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：  CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation?→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation?【中考范例】1.MissGreendidn’ttellus_______in2002.  A.wheredoesshelive       B.Whereshelives  C.wheredidshelive        D.whereshelived   （北京市中考试题）【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态，所以应选D。2.Wouldyoupleasetellme________?  （上海市徐汇区中考试题）  A.whendidhecomehome   B.wherehewouldplayfootball  C.ifhehadseenthefilm     D.whyhedidn’twatch\nthegame    【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时，宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。3.Idon’tknowwhen__________.  A.willthetrainleave         B.thetrainwillleave  C.wouldthetrainleave       D.thetrainleave  （哈尔滨市中考试题）    【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。4.---Wedon’tknow_____________.  ---ItissaidthathewasborninSweden.   （常州市中考试题）  A.whatheis                  B.ifheliveshere  C.wherehecomesfrom         D.whichcountryishefrom【解析】答案:C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知：他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对，只有C正确。来练练吧！\n一、选择填空。（   ）1.WhatdidMikesay?Hesaid____________________.        A.ifyouarefreethenextweek   B.whatcolourwasit        C.theweatherisfine             D.summercomesafterspring（   ）2.Tomaskedmyfriend________________.        A.wherewashefrom        B.thattheearthisbiggerthanthemoon        C.whendidhecomeback    D.nottobesoangry（   ）3.Letmetellyou__________________.        A.howmuchisthecar               B.howmuchdoesthecarcost        C.howmuchdidIpayforthecar    D.howmuchIspentonthecar（   ）4.Peterknew_______________.        A.whetherhehasfinishedreadingthebook        B.whytheboyhadsomanyquestionsC.therewere12monthsinayear        D.whentheywillleaveforParis（   ）5.Couldyoutellme___________?\n        A.wheredoyoulive           B.whoyouarewaitingfor        C.whowereyouwaitingfor    D.whereyoulivein（   ）6.Shetoldmethesun______intheeast.        A.rise  B.rose  C.rises  D.hadrisen（   ）7.Ican'tunderstand______theboyalone.        A.whysheleft         B.whydidsheleave        C.whyshehadleft     D.whyhadsheleft（   ）8.Idon'tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.        A.whydidheget  B.whyhegets  C.whydoesheget  D.whyhegot（   ）9.Themanagercameuptosee__________.        A.whatwasthematter    B.whatthematterwas        C.whatthematteris     D.what'sthematter（   ）10.Heaskedhisfather_______.        A.whereithappens   B.wheredidit\nhappen        C.howithappened    D.howdidithappen二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1.“TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.”Tomsaid.   Tomsaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”MyteachertoldMark.   MyteachertoldMark_____light_______fasterthansound.3.“Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.”Jackdidn’tknow.   Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4.“CantheyspeakFrench?”Iwanttoknow.   Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5.“Arethechildrenplayinggames?”Tellme.   Tellme______thechildren____________games.6.“Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?”Mr.GuoaskedSunJia.   Mr.GuoaskedSunJia____________________homeworkyet.7.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?   Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?\n8.Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?   Doyouknow______________hercar?9.“Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?”Nancywondered.   Nancywondered__________often________about.10.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.   Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly. 三、用合适的连接词填空。1.Jimtoldme____hedidn'tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.（how,why）2.Doyouknow______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?（who,whom）3.Shesaid_____itwouldn'tmattermuch.（that,if）4.Healwaysthinks______hecandobetter.（how,who）5.Ireallydon'tknow________thebridgewillbefinished.（howlong,howsoon）6.Theydon'tknow_______togoorwait.（if,whether）7.Wearetalkingabout______we’llgobacktomorrow.（whether,if）8.Iwasreallysurprisedat______Isaw.（where,what）9.Idon'tknow____somanypeoplearelookingathim.（how,why）10.Doyouknow______youarestudyingfor?（why,what）\n四、句型转换。1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom'smotheraskedhim.（同义句）  →Tom'smotheraskedhim____________________totryit.2.Ithinkthisisagoodidea.（改为否定句）   →I_______________this________agoodidea.3.Lucyhasn'tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.（改为复合句）   →Lucyhasn'tdecided________________________________buy.4.Idon'tknowhowIcangettothehospital.（改为简单句）   →Idon'tknow________________________tothehospital.5.Idon’tsupposetheywillcome,_____________?（改为反意疑问句）五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________（go）toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______（be）thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______（is）?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______（will）buyanewcom5.Ihearthathe_______（swim）intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______（work）.7.Hesaidthathe_________（finish）hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______（hike）tothetopofthe\nmountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____（help）him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________（go）orwait.