初中英语中考课本复习 29页

28中考新目标英语第一轮复习资料课本重点复习GradeSeven(A)1.What'sherfamilyname?(P5)•familyname=lastname姓firstname=givenname名•姓名顺序：英美人的名在前，姓在后。如：JimGreen中，Jim是firstname/givenname,Green是familyname/lastname;中国人的姓在前，名在后。(1)单姓单名：姓与名的首字母分别大写。如：LiPing(2)单姓双名：名的双字写在一起，只大写第一个名的首字母。女口：YangLiwei(3)复姓：把复姓写在一起，只大写第一个字母。如：ZhugeLiang•family傢庭)、class(班级)，作主语，谓语用单数形式。family(家庭成员)、class(同学们)，作主语，谓语用复数形式。女口：MyfamilywereeatingdinnerwhenuncleLicamein.Ihaveafamily,thefamilyisahappyone.2.Thanksforthephotoofyourfamily.(P17)•Thanks=ThankyouThanksalot=Thankyouverymuch.=Manythanks.•Thanksforsth./doingsth.谢谢你Thanksforyourhelp.ThanksforhelpingmewithmyEnglish.Thanksto…多亏…，由于…Thankstotreesandflowers,ourschoolisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.•aphotoofmine我的一张照片aphotoofme一张我本人的照片3.Hereismyfamilyphoto.(P17)•以here,there等副词开头的句子，主谓倒装。(主语为代词时则不倒装)女口：Herecomesthebus.Hereisyourpen.Hereyouare.二Hereitis.NotonlyhaveIbeentoBeijing,butalsoIhavebeentoTaiyuan.4.Pleasetakethesethingstoyourbrother.Canyoubringsomethingstoschool?(P23)•take把东西从此处带走。bring:把东西由别处带来。fetch/get:去把东西带来(goandbring)carry:携带，搬运(无方向性)•some和any都可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词。区别如下：任何一个”的some用于肯定句中，如果用于疑问句，则表示希望得到肯定的回答或表示诚any用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句，如果用在肯定句则表示意思5.Thatsoundsgood.(P27)•系动词后用形容词作表语。sound/seem/look/become/get/turn/taste/feel/smell/touch+adj.•sound声音的总称。noise:噪音voice:嗓音6.Doyoulikebananas?(P31)•likesb.todosth.likesb.nottodosth.以此类推：want,tell,teach,ask,28\n•likedoingsth.:—贯性喜欢做某事，经常性喜欢做某事liketodosth.具体某一次喜欢做某事•likev.喜欢prep.介词像一样1.HowmuchisthisT-shirt?(P41)•Howmuchis/are?多少钱？It's/They're•Howmuch修饰不可数名词；Howmany修饰可数名词复数它们都是“多少”的意思。2.CanIhelpyou?(P43)售货员招呼顾客：CanIhelpyou?=WhatcanIdoforyou?=MayIhelpyou?顾客告诉售货员：Yes,please.Iwanttobuy…/Imlookingfor…/Idliketobuy或者：No,thanks.Ionlyhavealook.询问顾客想买东西的特征：Whatcolor/size/kinddoyouwant?向顾客推荐商品：What/Howaboutthisone?Thisoneischeapandnice.顾客询问价格：Howmuchis/are…？Howmuchdoesitcost?What'sthepriceofit?买卖达成：I'lltake/have/buy/getit.3.Whenisyourbirthday?Howoldareyou?(P49)询问年龄：Howoldareyou?What'syourage?回答年龄：主语+be+数词(+yearsold)•Heisaneigh-tyear-oldboy.=Heiseightyearsold.•howold,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howlong,howmany,howmuch,howmanytimes,4.Iwanttoseeanactionmovie.(P53)•wantsth.wanttodosth.wantsb.todosth.wantsb.nottodosth.•look发生看的动作lookat…看see:看见没有的结果listen:发生听的动作listento…听……hear:听见没有的结果watch:强调观看运动着的事物或影像。如：看电视，看比赛，看电影，看表演等read:阅读，朗读如：看书，看报，看信，看杂志，看地图5.Canyouplaytheguitar?(P59)•can,may,must,neec是情态动词，后面必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。•playthe+乐器play+球/棋/牌类6.Whatafunnytimetoeatbreakfast!(P67)感叹句：How+adj./adv.（+主语+谓语）！女口：Howhardheworks!Whata/an+adj.+名词单数（+主语+谓语）！What+adj.+名词复数（+主语+谓语）！What+adj.+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！如：Whatbadweather/music/news/water/adviceitis!单词归类记忆：乐器：guitar,drum,piano,trumpet,violin球类：football,soccer,basketball,volleyball,baseball,tennis,ping-pong星期：Sunday,28\nMonday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday月份：January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December电影：actionmovie,comedy,documentary,thriller,BeijingOpera,cartoon28\nGradeSeven(B)1.She'sfromJapan.(P1)•befrom=comefrom•国家—人—语言China—Chinese—ChineseEngland—Englishman—EnglishGermany—German—GermanItaly—Italian—ItalianAmerica—American—EnglishCanada—Canadian—EnglishFrance—Frenchman—FrenchIndia—Indian—IndianP5)'sfun.2.MyfavoritesubjectinschoolisP.E.It•one'sfavorite•V+doinghavefun,bebusy,can'thelp,giveup,lookforwardto,be/gesteudto,feellike,havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime,payattentionto,beworth,keepon,putoff,endup,mind,finish,keep,practice,enjoy,permit,spend,keep,continue,consider,suggest,can'thelp,miss+doingsth3.Thepayphoneisacrossfromthelibrary.(P8)•acrossfrom二beoppositeto在…的对面•询问方向：Where'sthenearest…？canIgettothe？…Canyoutellmethewaytothetellmewhere…is?Whichisthewayto…？HowIstherea…nearhere??Idon'tknow/Iwanttoknow/Couldyou•指点方向：Go/Walkalong/acrossthisroad/street.Takethefirst/second/thirdturningontheleft/right.It'sabout…kilometersformhere.The…isalongtheroadontheright.It'osverthereontheright.It'squitefarfromhere.4.Whatdoesshedo?(P19)现在的职业：Whatdoessb.do?Whatam/is/aresb?What'ssb'sjob?Sb.wantstobe将来的工作：Whatdoessb.wanttobe?5.How'stheweatherinBeijing?It•Howistheweathertoday?=What•sun—sunnywind—windyrain—rainyfog—foggy6.Hi,Alice?ThisisBob.(P33)打电话给某人：May/Can/CouldIspeaktoP31s)sunny.stheweatherliketoday?cloud—cloudysnow—snowy…？I'询问对方是谁：Isthat…(speaking)?Whosthat?dliketospeakto…Who'scalling/speaking,please?自我介绍：Thisis…(speaking)…isspeaking.Hello,…here.转告某人接电话：You'rewantedonthephone.There'sacall/phoneforyou.Someonewantsyouonthephone.28\n转告的人就在身边：Itsforyo或Foryou.请对方稍等：Holdon(theline),please.Holdonforamoment.Don'thangup,please.7.Sheneverstopstalking.(P43)•对频率提问，用Howoften.(never,ever,sometimes,often,usually,once,twice,threetimesaday,hardly,hardlyever)•stoptodosth停止现在的事，去做另一件事。stopdoingsth.停止做某事8.Itwastimetogohome.(P58)It'stimetodosth.It'stimeforsb.todosth.It'stimeforsth.9.Ifoundalittleboycryinginthecorner.(P63)•感官动词：不论感官动词是动词的什么形式，其后只有两种形式。(1)see/watch/hear/notice/findsb.dosth.某人做了某事(全过程)(2)see/watch/hear/notice/findsb.doingsth.……某人正在做某事(正在进行)•inthecorner在一角/角落里atthecorner在拐角处10.Thatmademefeelveryhappy.(P63)•make/let/stay/keepsb.+adj.•make/letsb.dosth.在被动语态中，省略的to要还原。•makesb.sht.=makesth.forsb.为某人做……•makeoneselfdone让某人被11.Don'tarrivelateforclass.(P71)•belatebelatefor•arrivein+大地方arriveat+小地方getto+地方reach+地方注意：home,here,there,upstairs,downstairs,abroad是副词，他们前面的介词要去掉。28\nGradeEight(A)1.What'sthematterwithyou?Ihaveasorethroa(t.P7)•What'sthematter=What'sthetrouble?=What'swrong?=What'sup?•There'ssomethingwrongwith…•haveasorethroat,haveasoreback,haveasoreleg•haveacough,haveacold,haveafever,haveatoothache,haveastomachachehaveaheadache2.It'seasytohaveahealthylifestyle,andit'simportanttoeatabalancIt's+adj.+todosth.做某事3.Howdoyougettoschool?Iusuallywalk,butsometimesItakethebus.(P20)回答交通方式时，常用下列形式：take+限定词+交通工具+to+某地go/getto+某地+by+交通工具单数go/getto+某地+in/on+限定词+交通工具walk/ride/drive/flyto+某地如：Wetakeabustoschool.Hegoestoworkbybike.Hismotherdriveshimtoschool.Igotoschoolinmyfather'scar.goto…bybus/ship/boat/car/train/subway二takeabus/ship/boat/car/train/subwayto…goto…onfoot=walkto…goto…byplane/air=flyto…goto…onthebus/bikegoto…inthecar4.It'stakesabout25minutestowalkand10minutesbybu(s.P21)•Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.•Sb.spend…onsth./(in)doingsth.Sb.pay…forsth.•Sth.cost…5.LiuYingisnotasgoodatsportsashersister.(P33)•begoodat=dowellin擅长….begoodfor对…..有好处。begoodto=befriendlyto对…..很友善。begoodwithsb.和…相处融洽•as+原级+as和…一样notas/so+原级+as和…不一样6.Iamalittletallerthanher.(P33)•alittle=abit=alittlebit=kindof有点儿•akindof…一种…allkindsof…各种各样的…differentkindsof…不同种类的…bekind和蔼的•能放在形容词比较级的前面，表示程度的词有：much,alittle,alot,even,far•不能放在形容词比较级前的词有：quite,very,too,rather7.Turnontheblender.(P41)•turnon,turnoff,turnup,turndown28\n•祈使句的反义疑问：Willyou?Let's，…shallwe?Letus…willyou?•祈使句的否定句：在句首加Don'即可。1.Youarenevertooyoungtostartdoingthings.(P55)•too(-forsb.)to…主语为物时，不定式后不能再带宾语。女口：Theboxistooheavyformetocarryit.(it应该去掉)•too…to可用not…enough…或so…that来改写。如：Heistooyoungtogotoschool.=Heisn'toldenoughtogotoschool.=Heisyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.2.inOctober,2000,LiYunditookpartinthe14thChopinInternationalpianoCompetitioninPoland.(P57)takepartin:指参与群众性活动、会议、竞赛、考试等。join:指参加团体、组织后，成为其中的一员。也可参加某人。3.Hewonfirstprizeinhisgroup.(P5)win:赢得比赛lose:输掉比赛beat:打败对手hit:打人4.Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?(P59)•将来时的表达：1).begoingto+V原2).will+V原3).bedoingsth.•when:当时；什么时候5.I'mgoingtomoresomethinginteresting.(P61)形容词做定语修饰不定代词时，形容词后置。(something,somebody,somewhere,anything,anything,anywhere,nothing)6.borrowsomemoney.(P68)•borrowsth.fromsb=borrowsb.sth.主语借进lendsth.tosb.=lendsbsth.主语借出•借了多长时间用keep;买了多久时间用have;死了多长时间用bedead,开始了多久用beon7.About200yuananightisenough.(76)enough+n.adj./adv.+enough28\nGradeEightB1.Doyouthinktherewillberobotsinpeople'shome?(P2)•Doyouthink后跟宾语从句。•Therebe句型中不能在出现have/has;Therebesth/sb.doingsth.•就近原则：Therebe,Either•…or•…,Neither•…nor•…,Notonly•…butalso离动词最近的主语决定动词的单复数形式2．Attheweekends,I'llbeabletodressmorecasually.(P6)•beableto用于任何时态；can用于一般现在时和过去时态•dress+人：给穿衣Hismotherdressedhiminnewclothes.表示穿着”的状态时用：bedressedin+衣服或颜色。dressupas,dressoneself,be/getdressedin+衣服、颜色puton:穿衣的动作wear:穿着衣服的状态bein+颜色、衣服、帽子等，强调状态ShewasdressedinRussianstyle.Putonmoreclothes,oryou'llbecold.Maryiswearingayellowdresstoday.Heiswearingasweater.Whosethatmaninaredcoatoverthere?3.Theymightfinditdifficulttoplanthingsforthemselves.(P16)•Sb.find/think/feelitadj.forsb.todosth.•planp—lanned—planningbabysit—babysat—babysitting4.WhatwasthegirldoingwhentheUFOtookoff?(P19)takeoff:(脱下；飞机/小鸟起飞；事业/经济的腾飞，迅速发展)take+时间+off休假5.Lanasaidshewasn'tmadatMarciaanym(oPre2.7)•anymore=anymorenot…anyIonger=noIonger(谓语用延续性动词)not…anymore=nomore•be/getmadatsb.=be/getangrywithsb.生某人的气bemadabout…对狂热的6.Ifyougototheparty,you'llhaveagreattime.(P34)•if：在条件状语中是“如果”的意思，在宾语从句中是“是否”的意思。Idon'tknowifhewillcomeback,ifhecomesback,pleasecallme.•在状语从句中(由when,after,if,until,unless,assoonas等引导)，主句是下列情况之一，从句用一般现在时表示将来的意思：主句有情态动词；主句是祈使句；主句是将来时)7.Ifyouarefamous,peoplewillwatchyouallthetimeandfollowyoueverywhere.(P38)•famous=wel-lknown•befamousfor因……而出名(跟出名的原因)befamousas以……而出名(跟职业/身份/地位)•allthetime总是，一直allthesame仍然、还是8.Thanksforsendingmethesnowglobeofthemonster.(P48)sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.givesb.sth.=givesth.tosbpasssb.sth=passsth.tosb.offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.lendsb.sth.=lendsth.tosbborrowsb.sth.=borrowsth.tosb.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.28\n当直接宾语是代词时，只能放在间接宾语的前面。如：passittomebuythemforher3.Bytheway,what'syourhobby?(P48)bytheway顺便说一下intheway妨碍、挡路ontheway在途中inthisway以这种方式4.ThemoreIlearnaboutChinesehistory,themoreIenjoylivinginChina.(P50)•The+比较级，the+比较级越……，就越……•比较级+and+比较级;moreandmore+原级(能加more的形容词)越来越……5.Forexample,droppinglitterisalmostnewerallowed.•例如：forexample,……suchas……•动名词/不定式做主语，谓语用三单形式。allowsbtodosth.beallowedtodosth.6.Whydon'tyougetherascarf?(P60)•提建议：Whydon'tyou+V原？Whynot+V原？Youshould+V原.You'dbetter+V原.Let's+原.Howabout+Ving?Whatabout+Ving?7.Peopledon'tneedtospendtoomuchmoney.Instead,makingamealisenough.(P65)•Sb.needtodosth.主语为人)Sth.needdoingsth.(主语为物)•need:情态动词、行为动词•toomuch+不可数名词toomany+可数名词复数muchtoo+形容词•instead:代替(放在句尾)；然而，相反的(放在居首)insteadof…代:替……(放在句中)8.Haveyoueverbeento…？(P68)，未回来have/hasbeento去过，已回have/hasgoneto去have/hasbeenin在……9.Me,neither.(P69)•甲方怎样，乙方也怎样：So+谓语+主语•甲方不怎样，乙方也不怎样：Neither/Nor+谓语+主语•甲方怎样，乙方赞同：So+主语+谓语•甲方不怎样，乙方赞同：Neither/Nor+主语+谓语或者：Me,either.•Neither/Either+名词单数，谓语用单数•Neither/Eitherof+名词复数，谓语用单数(P74)10.…,morethanthreequartersofthepopulationareChinese,•morethan=over•表示人口的多”用large/big,表示人口的少”用small.•可人口的多少”时，用“What'sthepopulationof”11.Ifeellikepartofthegroupnow.(P80)想做某事：wanttodosth.wouldliketodosth.feellikedoingsth.12.feedsth.to….=feed….With-sth.喂keep+动物：饲养动物13.不敢做某事：beafraidtodosth.担心出现某种后果：beafraidofdoingsth.女口：I'mafraidoffallingdownfromthewall.I'mafraidtoclimbthetree.28\nGradeNine1.Istudybyworkingwithagroup.(P2)by用法小结：在旁边(near)Willyousitdownherebythewindow?在之前Ihavetogobackbyteno'clock.BythetimeIwenthome,mymomhadcookedlunch.借助于，用Igotoschoolbybus.IlearnEnglishbylisteningtotheradio.1.dealwith(P8)Howwillyoudealwiththisproblem?Whatwillyoudowiththisproblem?2.Iusedtobeafraidofthedark.(P10)3.usedtodosth.过去常常be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯于beafraidof=beterrifiedof4.Sixteen-year-oldsshouldnotbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.(P18)•sixteen-year-olds=sixteen-year-oldteenagers•gettheirearspiercedget/havesth.done5.Whatwouldyoudoifyouhadamilliondollars?(P26)•具体数字/several+hundred/thousand/million/billionhundreds/thousands/millions/billionsof•虚拟语气：主语+would/should/could+V原if+主语+过去时态(be动词用were)6.ItmustbelongtoCarla.(P34)belongtosb.=besb's7.She'sworriedbecauseofhertest.(P36)•becauseof+短语because+句子(主语+谓语)•beworriedabout=worryabout担心8.Theremustbesomethingvisitingthehomesinourneighborhood.(P38)•Therebe…doingsth.Therebe句型中不能再有have/has•mustbe一定9.I'llhelpcleanupthecityparks.(P60)动词+副词，代词放中间：cheerup,setup,putup,fixup,cutup,cleanup,giveup,pickup,lookup,mixup,useup,eatup,giveout,workout,hangout,handout,cleanout,turnon,turnoff,turndown,turnup,takeoff,putoff,puton,giveaway,putaway,thinkover,lookover10.It'susedforseeinginthedark.(P69)beusedby被……使用beusedfordoingsth.=beusedtodosth.被用来做……beusedas把……用作……11.Ionlyjustmadeittomyclass.(P78)我刚好到达教室。28\n•makeit办成功，做到，赶到Ithinkwe'lljustmakeit.•及时到达；赶上Thetrainleavesinfiveminutes,we'llnevermakeit!•约定（时间）Asforournextmeeting,let'smakeitthedayaftertomorrow.1.Attimesanadcanleadyoutobuysomethingyoudon'tneedatall.（p10•attimes=sometimes有时sometime某时sometimes几次，几倍sometime一段时间•leadsb.todosth.纵容/引诱/引导某人做某事Heledustohishome.Youleadandwe'llfollow.2.Iprefertoreceiveagiftthathassomethoughtbehindit.(P108)prefertodosth.prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.preferdoingsth.todoingsth.3.Thewallsaremadefromoldglassbottlesthataregluedtogether.(P122)bemadefrom由制成(看不出原料)bemadeof由制成(能看出原料)注意：takeplace和happen都是表示发生”的意思，都没有被动语态。它们的区别是：happentosb.某人发生了某事happentodosth.碰巧发生了某事happen:—切客观事情或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生takeplace:发生事先计划或预想到的事物.(历史上的事件，集会等先布置而后发生或举行的事情，不用于地震等自然现象)九年级英语上期期末复习(Unit1-12)Unit1一、Hestudiesbyaskingtheteacherforhelpby以…方式，靠+n/doingIwenttoschoolbybus/train/subway/bike/plane/boat二、thebestwaytodosth做某事的最好方法JoiningtheEnglishclubwasthebestwaytoimproveourEnglish.动名词作主语+V三单四、havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困难五、laughatsb.嘲笑某人六、last（持续）+一段时间Therainlastedfor6hoursyesterday.七、regard…..as=consider….as…..=treat把s…：：当.成八、complaintosbaboutdoingsth抱怨某人做某事九、except/besidesexcept除…以外….Allthestudentswenttothezooexceptmebesides除….以夕卜（包括在内）Ihavefewfriendsbesidesyou.十、assoonas•一….就（条件状语从句，主将从现）I'IIcallyouassoonasIgetthere.十一、if引导宾语从句时“是否”if引导条件状语从句“假如，如果”，主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时。Idon'tknowifitwillrain,ifitrains,Iwon'tgoout.28\n宾从条从Unit2一、1)usedtodosth过去常常做某事Heusedtodohomeworkuntil10pm.2)beusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事I'musedtogettingupearly.Sheisusedtolivingalone.3)beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事Knifeisusedtocutthings=Knifeisusedforcuttingthings.二、afford买得起，负担得起(…的费用)Ican'taffordanewcar.affordtodosth负担得起做某事三、getintroublewith与….发生纠纷bepatientwithsbofsth在某事上对某人很耐心四、beproudof=takepridein+n/doing对…..感到骄傲五、It‘stime(forsb)todosth/Itimeforsthst是(某人)该做某事的时候了Unit3一、beallowedtodosth被允许做某事allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事allowtodosth允许做某事二、(1)insteadof+n/pre/vingSheprefersmilkinsteadof(=ratherthan)coffee.We'dliketogosightseeinginsteadofstayingathome.(2)instead相反的、代替。常放句末。Idon'tlikeswimming,Ilikeplayinggamesinstead.三、Sodowe我也是So+助、be、情态动词+主语某人也一样”Ihavetodomyhomework.Sodoeshe.Nor/neither助、be、情态动词+主语某人也不”Marydidn'tgotothepartylastnight.Neither/nordidI.四、I'mnotallowedtogetmyearspierced.Getsthdone/havesthdone这事儿不是主语做的，而是找别人做的Mybikebrokedown,I'llhaveitrepai我的自行车坏了，我得找人修理。五、bestrictwithsb对某人严格bestrictinsth在某方面很严格六、becomfortabletodosth做某事很方便七、begoodfor对…..有好处。Vegetableandfruitaregoodforyourhealth.begoodat=dowellin+n/pre/doing擅长….Heisgoodatswimmingbegoodto=befriendlyto对…..很友善。八、haveanopportunitytodosth有机会做某事。九、语法：不定代词(1)some/any均为一些”，+可、不可数名词；some一般用于肯定，any多用于否定或疑问句。但在疑问句中，当表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表达请求、建议时应用some.---Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?---Yes,please./No,thanks28\n(2)many/muchmany+可数名词much+不可数名词都可与so,too,as,how搭配。either/neithereither指两者其一neither指两者都不either…..or•不是…就是….neither…..nor•既不…也不十、other,theother,others,theothers,anotherother别的、其他的theother两者中另一个one……..,theother…一…个.….另一个……others泛指别的人或物=other+复数名词some……,others…一些..…..另一些…..theothers特指其余剩下的人或物some…..,theothers一些…..,其余的……another任何一个，另一个。(指三者以上中的任何一个)十一、getinthewayof…妨…碍.…..十二、On….team.在…队里Heisontheschoolsoccerteam.两者都没十三、happen出乎意料的发生takeplace有计划的发生有被动语态thisaccidenthastakenplacefor5years.十四、beseriousabout+n/pre/doing对….很认真十五、succeed(in)doingsth成功地做某事successn.successfuladjUnit4一、数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百/千/百万/十亿hundreds/thousands/millions/billions+of成百的/千的/百万的/十亿的二、辨析bring/take/fetch/carry三、IfIwereyou,I'dwearashirtandtie.IfIhadamilliondollars,I'dbuyabighouse.If的用法：在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，表示一种假设，需用虚拟语气，对现在情况的假设，条件从句中用一般过去时(be动词勇were)主句用would/should/could+V原Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.如果假设情况可能发生，句子用陈述语气，条件从句用一般现在时，主句用将来时。Ifhecomes,I'llbringhimapresent.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'thaveapicnic.四、invitesbtosomewhere.invitesbtodosth五、辨析borrow/lend/keepborrow…from….（主语）借进Iborrowedbooksfromschoollibrary.lend…..to…（..主语）借出Couldyoulendyourdictionarytome?keep借并保存一段时间（常用于完成时for,since与搭配，代替borrow）I'vekeptthisstorybookforamonth,andIdidn'treturnit.六、许多。alotof,lotsof,some,plentyof既可修饰可数，也可修饰不可数名词。28\n⑵anumberof+可数名词复数+V复大量的”Anumberoftreesarecutdown.（3）thenumberof+可数名词复数+V三单“的..数量”Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis52.（4）amountof,much,alittle,little,abitof,adealof+不可数名词+V三单（5）many,afew,few+可数名词复数+V复七、（rather）than其后动词的形式，与前面动词的形式保持一致。Ilikesingingthandancing.宁愿做…而不愿做…..1）wouldratherdosththandosth.2）wouldliketodosth,thandosth3）prefertodosthratherthandosth4）preferdoingtodoing八、害怕做某事beafraidofdoingsth=beterrifiedofdoingsth=bescaredofdoingsthbeafraidtodosth九、win赢得比赛、演讲、地位、荣誉beat击败某人、某队十、辨别noise噪音Don'tmakeanynoise!voice人的嗓音Hehasagoodvoice.sound泛指各种声音Thesoundofcaristooloud.十一、tastev.品尝，尝起来n.味道，品味系动词taste,smell,look,sound,feel+adj十二、语法。Givesbsth=givesthtosb这种结构的动词还有：（加to的）give,show,send,bring,pass,lend,tell（加for的）make,buy,do,have,cook,find,singEg:Iboughtagiftforher.=IboughtheragiftShelentmeabook=Shelentabooktome.Unit5一、--Whosebookisthis?--Itmust/might/can't/coubledsb'sbelongtosb.二、It's+adj+that・Tt'snecessary/clear/importantthat….It's+adj+todosthit'simportant/necessarytoworkhard.find/think+it+adj+todosth.IfounditdifficulttorememberEnglishwords.三、对…感至U担心。beanxious/worriedabout…worryabout渴望做某事beanxioustodosth四、Hecouldberunningforexercise.情态动词+be+doingsth（表示猜测可能正在做某事）五、sthhappentosb某人碰巧遇至U某事Whenhewalkedacrosstheroad,thecaraccidenthappenedtohim.六、太….muchtoo+adj太多….toomuch+不可数ntoomany+可数n28\nUnit6一、prefersthtosthIpreferfishtomeat.prefertodosth,ratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosththandosthTheyprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.preferdoingtodoingJimprefersreadingtoplayinggames.二、play+运动、棋类、消遣playbasketball/soccer/volleyball/tennis/ping-pong/baseball/chessplay+the+乐器playtheguitar/violin/piano/trumpet/drums三、go+运动ing:goshopping/fishing/sightseeing/cooking四、aloudloudloudlyaloud指读书readaloud.loud,loudly可互换，但loud可作adj,loudly却不能。五、使…•想起….提醒（某人）remindsbremindsbofsthThephotosremindedmeofmyschooldays.remindsbtodosthCanyouremindmetowakehimupat6:25.六、though/although和but不能连用Mygrandfatheris100yearsold,butheisveryhealth.=Thoughmygrandfatheris100yearsold,heisveryhealth.because和so也不能连用七、famous=well-knownbefamousforMartinisfamousforwritingstory.befamousasSheisfamousasascientist.befamoustoTheGreatWallisfamoustotheworld.八、afew+可数名词（表肯定）一些alittle+不可数名词（表肯定）一些few（表否定）几乎没有little（表否定）几乎没有九、because+句子becauseof+名词、代词、动名词短语Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecausehehadaheadache.Hestoppedplayingsoccerbecauseofhisheadache.28\n十、expecttodosth=hopetodosth=wishtodosth.十一、haveagreattime=havefun=enjoyoneself.Unit7一、辨析relaxed/relaxingtired/tiringfascinated/fascinatingexcited/excitingfrustrated/frustratingdisappointed/disappointingsurprised/surprisingamazed/amazinginterested/interesting(加ed的修饰人“感到。。。的”；加ing的修饰物“令人。。。的”)eg:Shewassurprisedtoreadthissurprisingnews.相关短语：beexcitedatbedisappointedatbesurprisedat/todosthbeinterestedin=takaaninterestin+n/Ving二、旅行。trek徒步跋涉trektroughthejungle/forest/mountaintravel泛指旅行travelaroundtheworld.trip短途旅行haveatrip.TriptoChengdu.三、想要、愿意做某事wouldliketodosth=wanttodosth.---Wherewouldyouliketogo?---I'dliketovisitsomewherewarm.四、辨析crossthrough(1)cross从表面上通过(2)through从空间通过(3)over从上方跨过(4)past从旁边经过class.overpastwalkcrossthestreet/bridge/rivergothroughtheforest/jungle/crowed…jumpoverthewallHewalkedpastthewindowwhenwewerehaving五、hope/wish(1)hopetodosthhope+从句(2)wishtodosthwishsbtodosthwish+从句六、I'dliketogosomewhererelaxing.adj放不定代词后修饰不定代词。七、Whynot+V原…..?=Whydon'tyou+原….?Let's+原八、consider考虑、认为considerdoingsth/+how(what)+todosth/+名词、从句eg:We'reconsideringvisitingParisforholiday.Hehasneverconsideredhowtosolvetheproblem.Allofyoushouldconsiderthefeelingofthepeople.Doyouconsider(认为)thatwecanfinishtheprojectontime?九、oneof+adj最高级+复数名词+V三单OneofthehighestsightsinParisisEiffelTower.十、辨析include/includingOurschoolincludestwoparts:PrimaryandMiddleSchool.28\nIlikeallsportsincludingplayingsoccer.十一、travelingaroundParisbytaxicancostalotofmoney.travelingaroundParisbytaxi动名词做主语+V三单oneofthecheapestwaystovisitParisistakingtheundergroundtrain.动名词作表语从句的主语十二、辨析costspendpaytakeSthcosts(cost)TheTVcostme500dollarsSbspend(spent)…..onsth/doingsthIspent500dollarsontheTV.Ispent500dollarsbuyingtheTV.Sbpay(paid)….For…Ipaid500dollarsfortheTV.Ittakes(took)sb…..todosth.Ittookme500dollarstobuytheTV.十三、unless=ifnot主将从现，主过从过)Unlessyouseeadoctor,you条件状语从句，由if,unless引导。Ifitdoesn'train,we'llgofishing.shouldn'ttakethemedicine.十四、提供。(1)providesbwithsth=providesthforsb.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidehisfamilywithfood.Hetriedtofindajobtoprovidefoodforhisfamily.(2)offersbsth=offersthtosb.Sheofferedmoneytothepoorchildren.offertodosth自愿做某事十五、mind,finish,keep,bebusy,feellike,practice,havefun,enjoy,havetrouble/problem/difficult/ahardtime,permit,spend,beworth,keeponkeep,做过）beusedto,continue,giveup,putoff,endup,payattentionto,lookforwardto,consider,suggest,can'thelp,miss+doingsthfeel,hear,see,find,watch,noticesbdosthdoingsth(正在做)十六、辨析stoptodo/stopdoingtrytodo/trydoingallowtodo/allowdoingof,by,against,with,without,after,enough+n足够的。。。remembertodo/rememberdoingforgettodo/forgetdoinggoontodo/goondoing十七、在介词后(in,at,after,on,to,for,before,)如果要用动词，只能用vingIstudyforatestbyworkingwithgroups.十八、enough的用法adj/adv+enough足够。。。样十九、语法：主谓一致。1•当and或both…and…连接两个或三个名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。BothyouandIaregoodfriends.2.不定代词作主语+V三单(either,neither,each,theother,anotherany/every/no/some引导的不定代词)Everyoneisgoingtobeachtomorrow.3.由each,every引导的作主语，指同一个人时，+V三单Eachboyandgirlwasgivena28\ngift.3.主语后有with,alongwith,togetherwith,aswellas,morethan,including,besides,like,except,but.谓语动词由前面的主语决定.MrLiwithhiswifeandchildreniscomingnextweek.Tombesideshisfriendsplaysvolleyballeveryafternoon.5.either…or…neither…nor…notonly…butalso••连接两个主语，谓语动词有靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。NotonlymyparentsbutalsoIamlookingforwardtomeetingmyuncle.Eitheryouorheisright.6.therebe句型的be动词由靠近它的主语决定，即就近原则。Thereisatableandmanydesksintheroom.7.oneof+复数名词+V三单oneofthewomenisfromAmerica.二十、dreamofdoingsthachieve/cometrueIbelieveIwillachievemydreamoneday.=Ibelievemydreamwillcometrueoneday.二十一、receive/acceptI'vereceivedherinvitationtotheparty,butIdidn'tacceptit,beI'mbusy.二十二、辨析sothatso…..that….such….That…1)sothat=inorderthatheworkshardsothathecanmakemoremoney.2)such修饰强调名词。such+a/an+adj+n+that从句Maryissuchayounggirlthatshecan'gotoschool.such+adj+不可数名词、复数名词+that从句3)so修饰强调adj或adv.so+adj/adv+that从句Heissocleverthathecanworkoutalltheproblems.4)当名词由many,much,few,little修饰时，只能用sosomany/few+可数名词复数+that从句somuch/little+不可数名词+that从句TherearesomuchtimethatIcanplaywithfriends.5)too…to…=not…enoughto….=so…..that二十三、短语。bewillingtodosthbesimilartoitseemsthat…seemtodosthholdonto..accordingto二十四、定语从句（详见Unit6-7）28\n1）一般情况下，that可指人，也可指物，可代替who,whom,which;但不能和介词搭配。Which指物who,whom,whose指人where指某地when指某时Adoctorisapersonwholooksafterpeople'health.Iliketheplaceswherepeoplearefriendly.2）掌握that的几种特殊用法（详见书上）3）掌握whom,which与介词的用法Units8-12volunteerone'setiomdosth自愿花费时间做某事makeaplantodosth=plantodosth计划或某事takeafter=besimilarto禾口….相似repair=fixup修理thankyou（thanks）fordoingsthlke表举例时“像….”其后如果跟动词必须用doingbe（get）usedtodoingsth习惯于做某事usedtodosth过去常常做某事beusedtodosth=beusedfordoingsth（某物）被用于做某事辨析bring,take,carry,fetchbring拿来take带走carry携带，搭乘，运载，抬fetch取回足够的….forgetdoingloseTost--lostadj/adv+enough足够…..enough+ndivide…..into把……...划分成…十一、thepopularityofbasketballhasrisenworldwide.popularity人口+V三单十二、thenumberof（…的..数量）+V三单anumberof（大量的）+V复数十三、dreamofdoingsth梦想做某事十四、happen=takeplace（没有被动语态）十五、辨析forgettodosth忘记去做某事sth忘记做过某事leave(left)sthsomewhere把(某物)忘在某地丢失十六、到达arriveat/in+地点getto+地点reach+地点注明：如果后面不跟地点只能用arrive十七、ontime准时intime按时十八、wakeup醒来wake-woke-wakenhangout闲逛十九、wait(for)sbtodosth等待某人做某事二十、invitesbtodosth邀请某人做某事invitesbtosomewhere邀请某人去某地二十一、辨析embarrassed/embarrassing二十二、showup出现、出席stayup熬夜二十三、dressup装扮、打扮dresssb（in）给（某人）穿衣服wear穿着、戴着（表状态）puton穿上（表动作）二十四、hundredsof数百的、thousandsof数千的、millionsof数百万的、billionsof数十亿的。数词+hundred/thousand/million/billion几百、几千、几百万、几十亿二十五、marrysb嫁给（某人）getmarried和（某人）结婚二十六、sellout卖完sell-sold-sold28\n二十七、therebe句型中的be动词用is还是are，取决于靠近它的主语是单数还是复数。二十八、问路方式：Couldyoutellme（Doyouknow）howtogetto?Couldyoutellmethewayto….?CouldyoutellmewhereIcan（dosth）..?Couldyoutellmewhere….is?Couldyoutellmeifthereis/are…..aroundhere?二十九、beinterestedin=takeaninterestin+n/doing三十、宁愿做某事，而不愿做某事。prefertodosthratherthandosthwouldratherdosththandosthpreferdoingtodoingsth注：（rather）than后面的动词形式与前面的并列成分一致。三十一、lookfor寻找find找到、发现findout查明、弄清楚三十二、beconvenienttodosth方便做某事三十三、havefun=haveagoodtime=enjoyoneself玩得高兴havefundoingsth做某事很愉快三十四、agoodplacetodosth做某事的好地方三十五、dressupas•打扮成三十五、when（—般后跟过去时）while（一般后跟进行时）三十六、it'snecessarytodos做某事很有必要三十七、borrow…..from….向….借….lendsthtosb借给某人某物keep借并保存一定时间.常与一段时间连用。I'vekeptthisbookforaweek.我已经借了这本书一周了三十八、wonder=wanttoknow想知道三十九、trouble打扰、麻烦havetrouble/difficult/problem/ahardtime+doingsth做某事很困难四十、inorderto…为了…..inordernottobelate,herushtothebusstop.四十一、besupposedtodosth（不）应该做某事..四十二、dropby顺便拜访四十三、afterall毕竟捡起，挑选pickup指着pointatmakeanoise制造噪音沿着….一直走….walkdown…四十四、make的用法make+adjmakesbdosth（hear,watch,see,have等用法相同）（但变为被动语态时，其后加toMymothermademetowork5hours.iwasmadetowork5hours.四十五、makemistake犯错四十六、辨析except/besidesexcept（除…..之外）EveryonewenttothebeachexceptJim.besides（除….之外，包括在内）IhavealotoffriendsbesidesMary.四十七、find（think）it+adj+todosth.发现、认为做某事是四十八、不再…..notanymore（anyIonger）=nomore（nolonger）语法专项动词的分类和时态动词短语。28\n动词+介词lookat,listento,lookafter,lookfor,waitfor,takeafter,dependon,thinkof,handin,hearfrom,hearof,studyfor等，此类动词后的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后。Lookattheblackboard.Lookafteritcarefully.动词+副词turnoff,turnon,turnup,turndown,pickup,setup,cheerup,cleanup,workout,putup,fixup,cutup,giveout,giveup,giveaway,putaway,thinkover,putoff,useup,handout,mixup,lookup,eatup等.此类动词后的宾语是名词时,放在副词前后都可,若是代词,必须放在中间.Heturnoffthelightwhenheleft.Hepickeditupandgiveittome.⑶其他动词短语：getalongwith,takepridein,payattentionto,makegooduseof,beproudof,keepawayfrom,bebusywith,bemadeof,begoodat,beinterestedin,comeupwith,besatisfiedwith三、非延续动词。buy,lend,borrow,die,begin,stop,finish,arrive,join,go,come等。不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，要用延续动词替换。（详见现在完成时）四、系动词。be,become,get,look,seem,turn,sound,smell,taste,feel,keep五、助动词。be,have,has,do,does,did,will,shall（详见P54）1、动词的五种基本形式（详见P55）H、用法：一般现在时。肯定句：主语+V原+其他。Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.主语（三单）+V三单Sheplaystennisonceaweek.疑问句：Do+主语+V原……？Does+主语（三单）+V原……？否定句：主语+don't+V原.主语（三单）+doesn't+V原.用法：⑴表示经常或习惯性发生的动作。⑵表示客观真理、事实。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.⑶在时间、条件等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。（if,assoonas,until,when）Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon'tgotothepark.WhenIgrowup,I'llgotoParis.时间状语：Always,often,sometimes,usually,onSunday,onMondayafternoon,everyday/month/year/week,inthemorning,onceayear,twiceaday,threetimesaday等⑵一般过去时。⑴表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Igotuplatethismorning.⑵表示过去的习惯或经常发生的动作。28\nWhenIwasinthecountryside.Ioftenswamintheriver.Iusedtogofishing.2、结构：肯定句：主语+V过去+其他。Wevisitedthemuseumlastweek.MyfriendTomwenttothebeachyesterday.疑问句：Did+主语+V原……？Didyougoshoppingwithhim?Didshecookdinnerforherfamily?否定句：主语+didn't+V原。Hedidn'tgotoseethemovielastSunday.3、动词的规则变化。4、时间状语：Yesterday,lastnight/week/year/month,lastSunday,in1995,theotherday,justnow,ago等⑶一般将来时。用法。表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。其构成：will+V原肯定句：TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.否定句：Wewon'tvisithimtomorrow.疑问句：WillyougotoShanghaiintwoweeks?（注：当主语为I或we时，问句中可用shall）whereshallwemeettomorrow?begoingto+V原表示计划、打算做某事。---whatareyougoingtodonextSunday?---Iamgoingtolistentomusic.Lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtorain.现在进行时be+Ving有时可以表示将来。常用这种结构的动词：go,come,leave,stay,start,arriveWe'releavingforLondon.（4）现在进行时1、构成：肯定句：主语+is/am/are+ving疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+ving否定句：主语+isn't/amnot/aren't+ving用法：表示正在进行的动作I'mreadingbooknow.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或状态。Theyarestudyinghardthisterm.时间状语now,thesedays,当句中有look,listen,canseteyoanyousee时Listen!Heissinging.（5）现在完成时1、already/yet已经already一般用于肯定，与完成时态和进行时连用，也可以用于疑问句，表惊讶。Ihavealreadyfinishedmywork.yet一般用于否定或疑问句。Hasshegonetoschoolyet?Hisparentshaven'tbeentoPariyset.现在完成时表示从过去开始延续到现在的动作，常与for,since连用.现在完成时表示动作才刚结束，但影响还在。Ihavelostmypen.（结果是我的笔丢失了，我现在没有钢笔了）28\n--haveyoufoundyourwatchyet?--No,Ihaven'tfoundityet.Ihavelivedherefor10years.我已经在这里住了10年（可能还会继续住下去）3、结构：肯定句：主语+have/has+V过分疑问句：Have/Has+主语+V过分否定句：主语+haven't/hasn'过+}V4、时间状语yet,already,recently,just,once,never,ever,sofar,thesedays.since+过去的时间点/过去时态for+一段时间inthelast（past）+一段时间5、延续和非延续动词。在现在完成时中，有些动词不能与一段时间搭配，所以在与for,since引导的肯定句搭配时，要用其他动词替代：buy---haveborrow---keepdie---bedeadgo/leave/move---beaway(from)begin/start---beonfallasleep---beasleepfinish/end---beoverjoin---bein/bea+名词come---behereopen---beopenclose---beclosedI'velefttheschoolfor3years.()I'vebeenawayfromtheschoolfor3years.()6、辨析have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto,havehasbeeninhave/hasbeento曾经去过某地，现在已经回来IhavebeentoParis3times.have/hasgoneto…去了某地，现在还没回来，可能还在路上。--whereisyourfather?---hehasgonetoShanghai.have/hasbeenin…已经在某地(呆了多久)MyfamilyhavebeeninChengdufor20years(6)过去进行时1、结构was/were+doing2、用法①表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作---whatwereyoudoingat9:30lastnight?---IwaswatchingTV.3、when一般接一般过去时Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercamehome.while一般接进行时Whilemymotherwascleaning,Iwentout.Hewasplayingbasketballwhileshewasreadingbooks.(7)过去完成时1、过去完成时表示过去某个时间以前好或过去某个动作以前，已经发生的动作或状态。(过去的过去)WhenIgottoschool,IrealizedIhadleftmybackpackathone.Bythetimeshegottoclass,theteacherhadstartedteaching.2、结构：had+V过分3、时间状语：bythetime+表示过去的时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时。28\nBythetimewearrivedattheshop,thebushadleft.动词、短语辨析1、dress,puton,weardresssb/oneself(in)给某人穿衣。Shedressedherbabyinaredskirt.dressup打扮、装扮Thegirldressedherselfupantwenttotheparty.Puton(动作)穿上It'scoldoutside,putonyourcoat.wear=bein穿着、戴着LilywearsT-shirteveryday.=LilyisinT-shirteveryday.2、arrive,get,reacharrive+at/in+地点WhendidyouarriveinChengdu?getto+地点Howdoyougettoschool?28\nreach+地点Whenshereachedthesupermarket,hermotherisshopping.3、die,dead,death,dyingdie（动词）死亡t（过去时）diedHisfrienddied3yearsago.dead（die的过去分词，用于完成时，与for,since搭配）Hisfriendhasbeendeadfor3years.death（名词）死亡Hisdeathistheloss（损失）ofChina.dying垂死的Thepoormanisdying.lose,forget,leavelose丢失、失去forget忘记forgettodosth/forgetdoingsthleave+地点“把某物落在某地）以must开头的疑问句，肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn't---MustIfinishtheworktoday?---No,youneedn't.---MayIcomein?---No,youmusn't.非谓语动词动词不定式结构to+V原/notto+V原用法①作主语+V三单②作表语③作宾语④作宾语补足语⑤作定语⑥作状语TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus.Myjobistocleantheroom.Helikestoplaysoccer.Sheaskedmenottospeakloudly.Haveyougotanythingtoeat?表目的）IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.注：作宾语的不定式如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加介词Idon'thaveenoughtimetostudyforthetest,soIhavesomethingtoworryabout.Ineedaroomtolivein不定式作宾语：want,refuse,wish,need,choose,hope,agree,wouldlike,offer,expect,decide,ask+todosthIhopetofindagoodjobaftergraduatingfromschool.不定式作宾补：tell,ask,want,allow,get,wouldlike,encourage+sb（not）todosthMymotherasksmenottoplaycomputergamesbeforefinishinghomework.不带to的不定式：whynot+do…?Hadbetter（not）dosth.Wouldbetter（not）do…Could/Would/Willyou（not）do…..?另外，有些感官动词和使役动词也不带to：Hear,see,watch,notice,feel,let,make,have+sb（not）do但…变.为被动时，要加toThebossmadethemworkthewholeday.Theyweremadetoworkthewholeday.（被动）感叹句（一）what引导1、what+a/an+adj+可数名词单数+主语+谓语Whatabeautifulgirlsheis!28\n2、what+adj+可数名词复数、不可数名词+主语+谓语Whatsweetwateritis!（二）how引导How+adj/adv+主语+谓语Howinterestingthefilmis!（三）如何判断用what还是how凡是有a/an开头，多用what;凡是adj直接加名词的，多用what;其他一般用how.状语从句时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,until,assoonas.当主语是一般将来时或祈使句或有情态动词时，从句用一般现在时，“主将从现”I'IIringyouassoonasIgettoschool我一到学校就打电话给你。肯定句：until=till直到I'IIwaitforyouuntiIyoucomeback.否定句：until=beforenot….until直至U….才Ididn'tgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.。二、条件状语从句if,aslongas（只要），uniess（除非）主将从现I'llvisityouifitdoesn'traintomorrow.Useyourhead,andyou'llfindaway.Unlessyouworkhard,you'llgetagoodjob.Ifthetrafficlightsaregreen,youcancrossthestreet.宾语从句一、宾语从句的语态。宾语从句要用陈述语态---DoyouknowforShanghailastnight?A.whattimeheleavesB.whattimedidheleaveC.whattimeheleft.二、主句与从句时态一致。1、如果主句用现在的某个时态，宾语从句视实际情况而定。Iwonderifyoucanhelpme.我想知道你是否能帮我。2、主过---从过HetoldmethathewouldtakepartinEnglishclub.他告诉我他将参加英语俱乐部。HeaskedmeifIusedhisbike.他问我是否我用过他的自行车。Jimtoldmethattheearthis如果是客观事实，宾语从句用一般现在时round.Jim告诉我地球是圆的。三、连接词1、that可省略，that作主语时不能省。2、what,which,who,whose,whomHeaskedmewhosethebookis.3、when,how,where,whyCouldyoutellmewheretherestaurantis.Doyouknowhowtogettothebank?if/whether是否以下情况只能用whether:28\n与ornot连用作介词后的宾语从句跟不定式todoCanyoutellmewhetherwegoornot.I'mwroriedaboutwhetherweshouldstudyeachother,Haveyoudecidedwhethertogowithus.定语从句的用法定语从句中只能使用that的情况1.当先行词为anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时，只能使用“that。”例：IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?（我能给你做点什么吗？）2.当先行词为all，any，much，many词时，只能使用“that。”例：Tomtoldhermotherallthathadhappened.（汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。）3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that。”例：ThisisthemostwonderfultimethatIhaveeverhad.（这是我度过的最美好的时光。）4•当先行词是序数词修饰时，只能使用“that。例：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。1.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast修饰时，只能使用“that。例：Thiswillbethelastchancethathecanget.（这将会是他得到的唯一机会。）Heistheonlypersonthatcanhelpyouout.（他是唯一能帮你的人。）2.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that。”例：Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.（他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。）3.当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that。例：Whichisthebookthatheboughtfromthelibraryyesterday?（哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？）注意：•指物时，在介词后只能用which，而不能用that.•定词从句修饰代表地点、时间的先行词时,要看代表先行词的关系词在定语从句中是否作谓语动词的宾语.如作动词的宾语,就要用关系代词that或which引导定语从句.反之，要用关系副词where（表地点）或when（表时间），在定语从句中作状语.女口:Marywouldneverforgettheeveningwhenshelostthebook.I'vebeentothecitythatyouvisitedlastweek.被动语态注意事项•构成被动语态表明一个被动性动作，它由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。一般现在时am/is/are+pp.一般过去时was/were+pp.一般将来时willbe+pp.am/is/aregoingtobe+pp.情态动词may/can/must/shouldbe+pp.被动语态否定式为benot+pp.，情态动词被动语态否定式为情态动词+notbe+pp..•主动语态变为被动语态时，通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be过去分词”28\n形式，例如：Everyonelikestheinterestingfilm.（主动语态）宀Theinterestingfilmislikedbyeveryone.（被动语态）Theyusedknivestocutthings.（主动语态）宀Knivesareusedtocutthings.（被动语态）•某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write；buy、make等，在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语，则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出。例如：Mysistergavemeanicewatchformybirthday.—Anicewatchwasgiventomebymysisterformybirthday.我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表。Theyhaveboughtusmanybooks.—Manybookshavebeenboughtforusbythem.很多书都是由他们给我们买的。•某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中，其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式。但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复。如：Hemadeuscleantheclassroomafterschool.—Weweremadetocleantheclassroomafterschool.我们被迫在放学后打扫教室。Isawhimcomeintotheroom.—Hewasseentocomeintothero人m们看见他进了屋子。•在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词，变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词。如：Theymusttakegoodcareofthechildren.—Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof.孩子们必须小心照看。•英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、smell、touch、feel、sounds、write、beworthdoing、sth.needsdoing等可以用主动表示被动意义。女口：Thiskindofbookssellswell.这种书畅销。Thedoorwon'tlockD锁不上。28\n30