初中英语写作方法 18页

nmet书面表达评分标准“最高档”要求：“应用了较多的语法结构或词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。”从历年书面表达高分文章来看，每篇文章都有“亮”点，即在用词、造句或段落安排上都有独到之处。要想获得高分就应在“正确”表达的基础上写出自己的特色，写出自己的“亮”点。一、词汇选择——标新立异在写作中“较高级词汇”的使用主要是指使用《大纲》上没有的词语、使用通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词等来代替常见词语。1)这栋房子在芳草街的一栋楼上。a:theflatisinabuildingonfangcaostreet.b:theflatsituatesinabuildingonfangcaostreet.分析:isin是常见词语，而situatesin则是《大纲》上没有的，属于高级词汇。2)在周末我们做很多作业。a:atweekends,wehavealotofhomeworktodo.b:atweekends,wehaveendlesshomeworktodo.分析:b句在表达时没有使用过于直接的alotof，而是使用了endless。endless就是由《大纲》词汇end加后缀-less变化来的。3)洗澡间和厨房都很好。18\na:thebathroomandthekitchenaregood.b.thebathroomandthekitchenarewell-furnished.在表达要点时，b句使用了wellfurnished,这比good语气强，也显得生动。在造句时,“较高级词汇”如能运用贴切自然，哪怕整篇文章只用上一个，也会使你的作文显示出与众不同。二、结构造句——与众不同在造句时,既要使句子生动，又要使其简明扼要。1、使用与人不同的表达方式，特别是提倡打破汉语句子结构的束缚而重组的句子更受欢迎。1)唐山曾在二十世纪八十年代发生过一次大地震。a:therewasastrongearthquakeintangshaninthe1980s.b:aterribleearthquakehit/strucktangshaninthe1980s.大多数同学使用了therebe结构，这是对的，但是b句却摒弃了常见句式。另辟蹊径而使用了“主语+谓语+宾语”结构，且使用了terrible,hit/strike这样的词汇，更是难能可贵的。2)你八月十五日的来信我今天早晨收到了。a:ireceivedyourletterwhichwaswrittenonaugust15ththismorning.(多数人使用的方式)b:yourletterofaugust15threached/gottomethismorning.(与多数人使用的方式不同,简洁)18\n2.使用一些强势句式，如强调句、感叹句、倒装句等，增强语句的表现力。如：3)阿福救了我妹妹。a:ahfusavedmysister.(一般句式)b:itwasahfuthatsavedmysister.(强调句式)4)我们看到庄稼和蔬菜长势喜人很是高兴。a:weweregladtoseecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell.(一般陈述句)b:howgladweweretoseecropsandvegetablesgrowingwell.(感叹句)3、句式多样,复杂得体。在写作中应避免使用相同长度的相同句型，而应注意句式的变化，如长短句结合，简单句、并列句与复合句共用，还可使用简化句等;一些较复杂的结构如独立主格，分词结构等也可使用。下面的表达中a句简单句多，而且多处使用therebe结构，显得单调、乏味，而b句就有自己的特色(请同学们自己分析)。5)这是一套25平方米的住房，住房里面有卧室、有洗澡间、有厨房;卧室里有床、沙发、桌子和椅子等。a:it'saflatof25squaremetres.thereisabedroomintheflat.thereisabathroomandakitcheninit,too.inthebedroom,thereisabed;thereisa18\nsofa,adeskandachairaswell.b:it'saflatof25squaremetres,withabedroom,abathroomandakitchen.inthebedroomthereisabed,asofa,adeskandachair.三、布局谋篇——独具匠心在写作中，我们可按时间、空间或其它逻辑顺序来安排各要点，同时为使主题突出,结构严谨，我们应注意学习和使用交代句以及段落的主题句等。在布局谋篇上，nmet20xx范文堪称典范。请看：opinionsaredividedonthequestion.60%ofthestudentsareagainsttheideaofentrancefees.theybelieveapublicparkshouldbefreeofcharge.peopleneedaplacewheretheycanrestandenjoythemselves.chargingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway.whatismore,itwillbecomenecessarytobuildgatesandwalls,whichwilldoharmtotheappearanceofacity.ontheotherhand,40%thinkthatfeesshouldbechargedbecauseyouneedmoneytopaygardensandotherworkers,andtobuyplantsandyoungtrees.theysuggested,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.1)该文使用opinionsaredivided...作交代句，开门见山，随后两个段落均使用了主题句(见黑体字部分)，使全文结构紧凑，表达严谨。2)在表述要点时范文还对要点出场顺序作了调整，如“18\n40%的同学认为应收门票，但不宜过高。”前部分作为主题句放在句首，而后部分另起一句放在句末：theysuggested,however,feesshouldbechargedlow.这样就分清了轻重缓急，主题突出，条理清楚。3)范文使用了and,whatismore,however等连词，在段落之间使用了ontheotherhand(说明前后两个观点是相悖的)，这些连接手段的运用加强了句子之间、段落之间的联系，使文章表达连贯，浑然一体。4)范文在第二段为说明不收门票的“原因”时增加了chargingentrancefeeswillnodoubtkeepsomepeopleaway.等细节，这也是解决句与句之间缺少连贯性的常见方法。总之，要想使自己的文章有亮点，吸引读者，在考试中获得高分，就应在用词、造句、谋篇上下功夫，哪怕是有一处特长都是“亮”点，都是值得肯定的。初中英语作文写作方法：一、掌握常用过渡性词语叙事文常用的句子间连接词atfirst;atlast;intheend…then/next/afterthat…when/while/assoonas/not…until…atthesametime;attimes;onceinawhile;sothattoone’ssurprise/joy18\nluckily/fortunately/unluckily/unfortunately…inaword/inall议论文常用连接词表示并列：either…or;neither…nor;both…and;notonly…butalso;表示递进的：besides;what’smore;what’sworse;(moreover);表示原因的：because;for…;becauseof…;thanksto…;(forthereasonthat…);表示结果的：so;asaresult;so…that…;therefore;表示目的的：sothat…;inorderthat…;(inorder)to…;for…;表示对比的：while;ontheonehand+ontheotherhand;eachcoinhastwosides.;prefer…to…;wouldratherdo…thando…;表示转折的：however;but;表示举例的：forexample;forinstance;suchas…;like…;thatistosay…表示总结的：inall/short;inaword;inbrief/total;lastbutnotleast;last;表示利弊的：begood/badforsb.;beharmfultosb.;doharm18\ntosb.;…havegreat/muchinfluenceonsb.;sth.benefitsb.;sb.benefitfromsth.affect;haveaneffectonsb.;表示喜爱的：love/like/enjoy…;befondof…;beinterestedin…;showgreatinterestin…;loseoneselfin…;putone’sheartinto…;begoodat;bepoorat;beweakin;表达个人想法的：ithink/believe…;(as)forme;inmyopinion/view;asastudent;fromthebottomofmyheart;personally;其他：ingeneral;generallyspeaking;tobeshort;tobehonest;totellthetruth;asweknow;makeupone’smindtodo;inaway;二、记住作文万能句式iwillworkhardtomakemydreamcometrue.ihopeyourdreamwillcometrueoneday.ittakessb.+时间+todo…sb.spend(某种人称时态)+时间/钱+onsth./(in)doingsth.it’simportant/necessary/useful/useless/common…(forsb.)tov…it’snice/kindofsb.tov..it’stimeforsb.todosth.it’sawasteoftimeto…it’s…years/dayssincesb.+ved18\nit’sgreatfuntodo=sb.havegreatfundoingit’sapitythat…it’sanhonorto…i’m/we’renotallowedto…i’mafraidofmakingmistakes…therebe…doing…greatchangeshavetakenplacein…sthis/arewellworthv-ing.itseems/seemedthat…itseems(im)possibletov…itissaidthat…asthesayinggoes,……and….aredifferentinmanyways.too+adj./adv.todotherearemanydifferencesbetween…and…ihavemadeupmymindto…iamsurethat…iamnotsurewhether/if…18\niwouldrather….than…itdoesn’tmatterif…thankyouforv-ing.ifeveryonecanmakeacontributiontotheearth/nature/society,ourlifewillbebetterandbetter.have/lookforachancetododooutdooractivitiesbe/getusedto(doing)sth.learn…from…beproudof/takepridein…playanimportant/activepart/rolein…agreewithsb.todosth.withthehelpofsb.=withone’shelp(反义：withoutone’shelp)be/getreadytodosth.=be/getreadyforsth.payattentionto…takegoodcareof…makefriendswith…geton/alongwellwith…wishyousuccessful/successastimegoesby…graduatefrom…18\nlookingbacktothepastthreeyears,…(用现在完成时态)passthe(final)examsticktodoingkeepyoumindonyourgoalsmakeupone’smindtodosth.(onsth.)makeadecisiontodoworkhardatenglishonceinawhile/attimes/nowandthenfromthenoninthefuture(将来)/infuture(从今以后)increaseourknowledgeinfact/asamatteroffactinthebeginning/atfirstfeellikegivinguphavetrouble/difficultyin(doing)sth.have(no)timetodohaveexperiencein(doing)sth.followone’sadvice/suggestionsmastersomebasic…skillsberequiredtodoasksb.forhelpcan’twaittodo18\nbesupposedtodoencouragesb.tododeal/dowith…workout/solvetheproblemsallsorts/kindsof…athomeandabroadoneof…befullof…learnsth.byoneselfcomeupwithgoodideasbesurprisedatsth.(todosth.)inordertokeephealthy/fitagoodwaytov…keep(on)tryingworryabout…/beworriedabout…inone’sspare/freetimebekind/friendlytobestrictwithhelpotherssaythankyouto…havefun/enjoy18\noneself/haveagoodtimeplentyof+c/uworryabout/beworriedaboutasksb.forhelp/turntosb.forhelp/callsb.forhelpbepopularwith…sharesth.withsb.knowlittle/muchabout…作文万能短语do/tryone’sbesttov…be/feelsorryfor…helpsb.(to)dosth./withsth.in/duringclassbefore/afterclassteachsb.todosth.wishyousuccessful/successastimegoesby…graduatefrom…lookingbacktothepastthreeyears,…(用现在完成时态)passthe(final)exam18\nsticktodoingkeepyoumindonyourgoalsmakeupone’smindtodosth.(onsth.)makeadecisiontodoworkhardatenglishonceinawhile/attimes/nowandthenfromthenoninthefuture(将来)/infuture(从今以后)increaseourknowledge/enlargeourvocabularyinfact/asamatteroffactinthebeginning/atfirstfeellikegivinguphavetrouble/difficultyin(doing)sth.have(no)timetodohaveexperiencein(doing)sth.followone’sadvice/suggestionsmastersomebasic…skillsberequiredtodoasksb.forhelpcan’twaittodobesupposedtodoencouragesb.todo18\ndeal/dowith…workout/solvetheproblemsallsorts/kindsof…athomeandabroadoneof…befullof…learnsth.byoneselfcomeupwithgoodideasbesurprisedatsth.(todosth.)inordertokeephealthy/fitagoodwaytov…keep(on)tryingworryabout…/beworriedabout…inone’sspare/freetimebekind/friendlytobestrictwithhelpotherssaythankyouto…havefun/enjoyoneself/haveagoodtimeplentyof+c/uworryabout/beworriedabout18\nasksb.forhelp/turntosb.forhelp/callsb.forhelpbepopularwith…sharesth.withsb.knowlittle/muchabout…do/tryone’sbesttov…be/feelsorryfor…helpsb.(to)dosth./withsth.in/duringclassbefore/afterclassteachsb.todosth.三、熟悉写作步骤：1审题：审清作文体裁(类型)时态、人称等细节;2列提纲(文章结构框架)：分几段，以及每段大体内容;3写作：在提纲的基础上补充要点;4复查：2遍——1遍看查拼写、语法、标点等问题;2遍不出声读查，靠语感检查语句是否通顺、连贯等;5誊抄：不允许做任何的更改。总之做到三审：体裁、时态、人称;18\n三思：词汇—>短语—>句式;三查：要点、拼写和语法、连贯。作文一般框架：文章分3段：(1)综述：概括性强，最多2句话引入主题;(2)正文——主要内容：层次性强，一定要有过渡型连接词。最多展开3个方面，每个方面最多2句话;(3)结尾：紧扣主题，2句话内结束，尽量升华。四、学会列作文提纲：例一：利弊型作文——microblog的利与弊para1:(综述)withthedevelopmentofinternet…moreandmorepopular…para2:(利)first,convenient,anywhere,anytime;second,share…with…;last,expressviewsfree,money-free…para3:(弊)however,onecoinhastwofaces.ontheonehand,awasteoftime——affectstudy;ontheotherhand,notsafe——stolen,hurtfeelingspara4:(个人)asastudent,makegooduseofit.例二：计划安排型作文——谈假期安排para1:(综述)graduatefrom…,holidayiscoming,planforthisholidaypara2:(正文)firstly,studycomesfirst.makepreparationsforthefirstsenioryear;secondly,visittouristattractions;lastbut18\nnotleast,dosportstobuildupmybody.para3:iamsurei’llhaveameaningfulholiday.(i’mlookingforwardtothecomingholiday.)(ican’twaittoenjoymysummervocation.)例三：图表、数字比例型作文(提出讨论或调查的事实)lastweek,ourclasshadaclassmeetingon(howto)…herearetheresults.(表达出不同看法或观点)moststudentsthink…while…20%ofthemchooseto….another15believe…therearealsosome…sayingthat…(表达个人看法)asastudent,iagreeto…例四：说明利弊型作文nowadays…isbecomingmoreandmorepopular.ithasmanyadvantages.first,优点1…besides,优点2…however,everycoinhastwosides.italsobringsusbadinfluences.ontheonehand,缺点1…ontheotherhand,缺点2…inmyopinion,个人观点…例五：不同观点型wemadeasurveyaboutwhetherweshould…提出矛盾问题.differentpeopleholddifferentideas.somebelieve…正方观点.f18\nirst,原因1…besides,原因2…whileothersdon’tagree.theythink…反方观点.ontheonehand,原因1…ontheotherhand,原因2…asforme,个人观点…例六：解决问题型recently,the…problemhasbeenmoreandmoreserious.…shoulddosomethingtosolveit.firstly,方法1…secondly,方法2…finally,方法3…iamsureifeveryonecanmakeacontributionto…,the…willbecomebetterandbetter.掌握了以上的写作方法和技巧，经过反复的写作磨练，我相信，参加中考的学子们一定会在中考中写出一篇能够展示内心世界的美丽的英语作文。18