初中英语单词整理 6页

一．名词(n.)1．时间名词（Nounsfortime）morningnoonafternoonevening（night）daydatesecondminutehourweekmonthseasonyearcentury------月份JanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember------星期MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturdaySunday------季节SpringSummerAutumnWinter　------表示将来的单词（Then.expressesfuture）tomorrowonedaythedayaftertomorrowthis(next)+year等时间名词------表示过去的单词（Then.expressespast）yesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdayonceagojustnowamomentagoatlastatfirstatoncebefore(last)+year等时间名词onemorning（afternoon）ayear等时间单位n..+ago------实物链线性单词（Then.whichcanformtheline）century—year—term-seasonmonth—week—day—night—evening—afternoon—noon—morning—hour—minute—quarter—second—moment--while------其他类时间单词（Then.can’tbeformedeasily）datetodayagoboyhoodholidayharvest-timealldayandnight2．家庭成员名词（Nounsforfamilymembers）father（daddaddy）mother（mommummy）sondaughterbrothersisterauntunclegrandparentsgrandfather（grandpa）grandmother（grandma）grandsongranddaughterfather-in-lawmother-in-lawstepmotherkidadultcousinnephewmanwomanboygirlfriendpeopleperson3．学习用品名词（Nounsforstudyuse）booktextbooknotebookbookcasepenpencilball-penfountain-peninkrulerchalkeraserblackboard-brushrubberdesk（table）backpackschool-bagletterwordsentencearticlepicturecarddictionarypaperhomeworklistnameaddresstapetape-recorderlecture-platformnumberpartnersoccer（football）conversationdialoguesurveydocumentaryspeechblankdescriptioncontestexamplequestionanswerwishexercise-booknewspapermagazinediarychalkrecorderTV(television)colorTVabacuscomposition4．生活用品名词（Nounsforlifeuse）desk(table)chair(armchair)watchclockfanbatracketbedcasechesscomputerdrawerdressere-mail(letter)dollarfloorfurnituremovie(thrillerfilm)musicdancerockshowpartyphone(telephonecall)photoringsaleshowersofavideoTVcollectionroomkeywashingmachinerefrigeratorgascupboardhobbyfavoritetripradiolightlampmirrormatbalancequiltcombforkchopsticksspoonthermospresentumbrellacoverstoolropenetploughgungoodsmoneytreasure5．食品（NounsforFood）ricenoodlesbreadcakeeggdessertchickenhamburgerporkmuttonfishice-creamsaladhot-dogbunoilsaltsweetvinegar-----蔬菜(Vegetable)carrottomatopotatobroccoliradishonionpumpkinbeanplant-eggpepperlettucemushroomcucumbercabbageceleryleckegg-plantbroccoli-----水果（fruit）appleorangepearpeachbananawatermelonhamimelonstrawberry(blueberry)pineapplelemonnutcherrycoconutdatefiglitchimangograpeoliveapricot-----饮料（drink）cold-drinkwinewaterteabeersoapcold-drinkjuicecoffeemush6．服装（Nounsforclothes）clotheshat(cap)shirtskirtshortsshoessocksglovesslippersstockingstrouserssweaterpantsjeansT-shirtsuittievestjacketcoatuniformscarfnightdresspocketblouseboot7．颜色(Nounsforcolors)blackwhitebluegreygreenyellowredpinkorangebrownpurplegoldsilvercreamcoffee8．职业（Nounsforstation）workjobteacheractoractressstudentsingerclerkscientistartistmusiciandoctornurserunnerwaitercookfarmersoldierpolicemanreporterbuyermanagerengineerassistantpresidentworkerkeyboardoperatorprofessorbossworkmatedustmanpeasantbarber(hairdresser)fishermanwriterartistlawyerkingqueenchairmanpremiermusicianjudgemerchantspycaptainthiefbus-driverleague-memberparty-member\nschool-girlwaitermilk-manpioneer9．学科（Nounsforsubjects）subjectChineseEnglishmath(arithmeticgeometry)historypoliticsgeographyscienceartbiologyoperacomedytragedyP.E.fineartschemistryphysicsmusiccleaningclass-cleaningpreparationweekly-meeting10．球类运动（Nounsforball-sports）ballsoccersportbaseballfootballbadmintonvolleyballping-pong(tabletennis)tennissoftballhandball11．乐器（Nounsforinstruments）trumpetviolinpianoguitardrumflutepipehornorgan12．工作单位（nounsforunitsofwork）schoolclubcitycountrygradeteamrowclassfamilyhotelhospitalpost-officestoreshopbankcompany13．节日（Nounsforfestivals）FestivalbirthdayTheSpring-festivalTheEarthDayChristmasHalloweenMid-AutumnTeachers’DayMayDay14．身体部位（Nounsforbody）haireyenosemouthteethearfaceheadhandtoethumbfingerarmlegkeenfoottonguelipshoulderbackskinstomachheartwingchest15．三餐(Nounsformeals)breakfastlunchsupperdinnermealsnack16．文体活动（Nounsfortherecreationalactivity）get-togetherconversationdialoguecontestperformancesfolksongpopsongdiscochorussolorecitationcross-talkshortplayoperarelayhighjumpdiscusshort-putgymnasticsdailybroadcastexercisesringsswimmingdivingskatingskiingskippingdash400-meter-race17．教学术语（Nounsfortheteaching-technicalterm）testquizexamfinal-term(mid-term)oral-term(written-term)professorwordsentencearticletopictitleplural(singular)18交通工具（Nounsforthetraffictools）bustrainplanebike（bicycle）motorbikeboatshipcartrucktractorenginehelicopterjetspaceshipUFOjeeptelegraph19．自然现象（Nounsfortheweather））wind(windy)cloud(cloudy)snow(snowy)rain(rainy)sun(sunny)fog(foggy)rainbowfinesmokethunderlightmoonstarskyairearthhillriverlakemountainvalleyfireseasanddesert20．植物（Nounsfortheplants）plantflowerweedtreeforestcornwheatcottonricesunflowerpealilyrosevioletgrasscropleafwoodgraincastor21．动物（Nounsfortheanimals）snakespiderbutterflymosquitodinosaurcrocodilebeardolphinwhaleparrotpeacockowltortoise(turtle)pigeonswallowpigdoghorsecow(ox)sheep(goat)hen(roosterchickchickencock)duckgooseswancattigerfrogharerabbit(hare)donkeymonkeydeerpandafoxmouse(rat)elephantlioncamelcattlegiraffepumawolfkoalaseagullantbatlocustcrocodilehawk22．.国家名称(Namesforthecountry)ChinaAmericaCanadaJapanKoreaIndiaSingaporeFranceGermanyItalyBritain(England)BrazilRussia23．语言（Nounsforlanguage）ChineseEnglishRussianFrenchJapaneseGermanIndianSpainArab24．容器（Nounsforcontainer）bagboxpocketcupmugglassesbowlplatebottlebasinpotbasketjardustbinmemorypocketcupmugglassesbowlplatebottlebasinpotbasketjardustbinmemory25.声音（nounsforvoice）voicenoisecalllaughcry26.表示玩具的名词（Then.expressestoy）kitegunballshiptraintoymini-bus27.表示长度，尺寸，时间，货币等“单位”名词（数量单位）meterkilometerkilogramsizetimesecondminutehouryearcenturytonrankblocko’clockpilepiecepairhalffewlittleplentylotmanyanysomekindteamgrouppoundpennypart\n28.表示方位的名词（Thenounsforposition）frontbacklefttopbottommiddleeastsouthwestnorthnorth-east29.抽象名词—属于不可数名词（Then.expressesabstract）homeworkpoliticsworklaughapologyjobwaysciencerestregretrepeatrisenewsrulebreathdefencepardonpaycarefunproblemattentionhopeinterestjoypromisemistakesafetyspiritroutepronunciationchancewarquestionnoisethingbusinessdeathconditionvisit30.表示“人”的名词（Then.expressesperson）(1)家庭成员（familymember）fathermotherMumPapagrandfathergrandmothergrandmagrandpagrannybabybrothersistercousinsondaughterhusbandunclenephewauntniece(2)职业或职务类（nounsforprofessions）具体见8（3）性别（Then.expressessex）manwomanboygirlpeoplefriendenemyfemalemale(4)外国人的名字（Then.expressesthenameofforeigners）JackJoanJohnKateMikeBettyAliceGreenTomRoseMarryPeterLeninBlackBobHillHoweCarlWashington(5)其他comradeownerlearnermonitorclassmatedesk-matepartexamplescientistfoolwinner31.事物链线性单词（Then,whichcanformtheline）(1)telephone—call—message—Mrs.Black—nobody(2)table-tennis—bat—match—ticket—team—between(3)library—assistant—lend—bring32.其他类单词（Then.whichcan’tbeformedeasily）nothingbirthdayNO.=numberwishtalkneedfightreplyclassrepair33．类属于某一范围或公共场所的名词（Then.expressespubicplaces）familyhomedumphouseroomsocietyschoolgradeclassgroupclassroombuildinglabprisonplay-groundsportcountryfactorywork-room(work-shop)hospitalshop(store)cinemalibraryrestaurantbarhoteldinning-roomparkgardenstopstationstreetwayroadzoorailwaytrackpalacestadiummuseumcapitalmeeting-roomrumfloorofficeworldspaceheavenbridgepyramidworkstempletombmonument二．冠词(art.)aanthe三．代词(pron.)A人称代词（Personalpronoun）case格thenominativecase主格theobjectivecase宾格number数singularnumber单数pluralnumber复数person人称thefirstperson第一人称thesecondperson第二人称thethirdperson第三人称a第一人称主格I（单数）we（复数）宾格me(单数)us（复数）定格my（单数）our(复数)主宾格mine（单数）ours（复数）b第二人称主格you（单数）you（复数）宾格you（单数）you（复数）定格your（单数）your（复数）主宾格yours（单数）yours（复数）c第三人称主格hesheit(单数)they（复数）宾格himherit（单数）them（复数）定格hisherits（单数）their（复数）主宾格hishersits（单数）theirs（复数）B指示代词（demonstrationpronoun）thisthatthesethoseC反身代词（reflexivepronoun）myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitselfourselvesyourselvesthemselvesD相互代词（mutualpronoun）eachotherone…anotherone…theotherE疑问代词(interrogativepronoun)whatwhowhomwhosewhichF不定代词（infinitivepronoun）a只可修饰不可数名词的不定代词（onlymodifyuncountablenoun）muchmoremostlittlelessleastalittle\nb只可修饰可数名词单数的不定代词（onlymodifythesinglecountablenoun）oneeacheveryotherc修饰可数名词复数的不定代词（modifythepluralcountablen.）bothmanyfewafewd修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词（modifythepluralcountablen.oruncountablen.）allsomeanye可作主语，宾语的复合代词（compoundpronoun）everythingeverybodyeveryonesomethingsomebodysomeoneanythinganybodyanyonenothingnobodynone四．形容词(adj.)A表示颜色的形容词（Theadj.expressescolor）blackwhiteblackandwhiteredyellowbluegreengreybrownpurpleorangepinkB表示心理状态的单词（Theadj.expressesthestateofmind）SsorryafraidworriedangrygladpleasedgoodbadillhungrythirstyexcitedexcitingsurprisedjoydisappointedC表示天气状况的形容词（Theadj.expressesthestateofweather）windycloudysunnyrainysnowycoolfinewarmhotcoldD表示方位的形容词（Theadj.expressesposition）frontbackrightlefteastwestnorthsouthmiddleE表示某一个国家的形容词(Theadj.expressescountry)ChineseEnglishFrenchAmericanJapaneseF表示时间的形容词(theadj.expressestime)lastlatefirstG表示年龄新旧的形容词(Theadj.expressesage,newandold)oldnewyoungH表示量度（大，矮，长，短，胖瘦等）的形容词（theadj.expressestolerance）biglargesmalllittleshortlongtallI一般描绘性的形容词(Theadj.expressescommonlydescription)handsomeprettybeautifulgreatinterestingJ表示物质性质的形容词（Theadj.expressesthenatureofmatter）a同义词（theadj.expressesthesamemeaning）all—wholesome—anymany—mucheach—everyb反义词（antonym）big—littlelarge—smallnew—oldyoung—oldbad—good(nicefine)long—shorttall—shortright—wrongright—leftthin—thickthin—fatslow—fastlight—heavybright—darkbright—foolclever—foollate—earlydifficult—easyhard—easyhard—softcheap—expensivefree—busyliving—deadnear—fardifferent—samebeautiful—uglycareful—carelesslast—firstK表示级别的形容词（Theadj.expressesdegree）good—better—bestmany—more—mostL其他类形容词（Theotheradj.）otherwhatwhichstrictdearnextnoreadysure注：多个adj.同时修饰同一个名词时，其位置按下列顺序：冠词或物主代词或指示代词——一般描绘性的adj——度量性adj.——形状adj.——年龄新旧adj.——颜色adj.——国籍地区adj.——物质材料adj.——用途类别adj.——n.但若属同一类别则多音节的adj.一般在后eg.TherewasagreatFrenchScientist.五．数词(num.)A基数词（Thenum.expressescardinalnumber）onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteentwenty(twenty+数词“一,二…………九”即二十一，二十二………….二十九)以下几十几的表达法同“二十一…………….二十九”一样thirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyhundredthousandmillionbillionzeroeg.2,222,222,222twobillion,twohundredandtwenty-twomillion,twohundredandtwenty-twothousand,\ntwohundredandtwenty-twoB序数词firstsecondthirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth“thirteen—nineteen+th”“第十三…………第十九““twenty—ninety”“几十”中均把”ty”变成”tieth”即“第二十，第三十……第九十”Twenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-third…………….twenty-nineth“第二十一…..九”以下“第几十几”均类似hundredth第一百（个），一百分之一（的）另（1）分数表达法（fraction）分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子是2或大于2亦用复数。eg.1/2onehalf4/5fourfifths数学中分数的简便读法：3/5threeoverfive（2）小数表达法（decima）小数用基数词表示，读小数时小数点后的数字均按部位分开读，遇到“0”时读作zero或o，但整数为“0”时可不读出。eg.0.4pointfour或zeropointfour3.1416threepointonefouronesix(3)百分数表达法（percentage）百分数由基数词加percent表示，且percent不用复数形式eg.5%fivepercent0.17%zeropointseventeenpercent(4)电话，邮政编码均读基数词，“零”读“zero”或“o”eg.电码7803seveneightothree邮政编码foursevenzerotwothreefive六．动词(v.)A情态动词(ModalVerb)canmayablemustneedhavetocouldmightcan’tmustn’tneedn’tB助动词（AuxiliaryVerb）havehashaddodoeswillwouldhaven’thasn’thadn’tdon’tdoesn’tdidn’twouldn’twon’tC系动词（LinkVerb）beamisarewasweregetturnbecomelooksoundfellsmellD行为动词（ActedVerb）a表示移动的单词（theexpressesmoving）gocomerunjumpwalkleavemoverunrushb表示感觉的单词（theexpressesfeeling）seelookwatchshownoticefindreadlistensmelltastehearc表示天气的单词（theexpressesweather）rainsnowshinewindthundercloudd使役动词（madeverb）makelethavesurpriseworrydisappointe持续性动词（延续性动词continuedverb）stayusewaitwritef非延续性动词（瞬间性动词continuedverb）stopfinishbeginstartdieg近义词（synonym）know—understand—clear—seesay—speak—talk—tell—askbegin—startstay—stopkeep—renewvisit—gotoseesb.callin+地名—callat+人cry—call—shoutlike—lovewant—needanswer—workoutgetto—arrive—reachthink—trust—believeh反义词（antonym）open—shut(closed)stand—sitfinish—begin(start)bring—takego—comelaugh—cry\nbuy—sellborrow—lendforget—remembersleep—wakeupread—write(draw)teach—learn(study)eat—drinkkeep—throwstop—continue(goon)sing—dancehide—showgive—getthank—excuserise—setdowni其他（others）skateswimwashwishhopefishflyfitgrowguesspleasecarryclimbaddholdobeytryuserepairfixmendputplantpasshurryhelpworkaffordaskbringbrushbuycalexcusefindfoundjoinknowlearn七．副词(adv.)A频度副词（frequentadverb）alwaysusuallyoftensometimesseldomneverB时间副词（Theadv.expressestime）nowthentodaysoonagobeforejustoncewhentomorrowyesterdaytonightC地点副词（Theadv.expressesplace）updownnearrightleftoverheretherewherenearbyhomeD程度副词（Theadv.expressesdegree）muchquitesostillyettooverywellbetterbestonlymoremostagainE修饰性副词（modifiedadv.）outdownupaboutaroundF疑问副词（Theadv.expressesquestion）whywherehowG表示动作状态的副词（Theadv.expressesthestateofact）earlylatefastslowlycarefullyquicklyhardhighawaytogetheroverrightcertainlyyesnonotindeedH其他类（Otheradv.）allbotho’clock八．介词(prep.)A地点介词（Theprep.expressesplaceposition）atinonunderbeforebehindbesidenearB时间介词(Theprep.Expressestime)inaton(时间)在…..(某年，某月，某日，某点)forsincefrom….to…C方向性介词（Theprep.Expressesdirection）toforD其他类介词（Theotherprep.）withbythroughof九．连词(conj.)A并列连词（Thecompoundconj.）andthenorB转折连词（Theconj.Expressestransition）orbutyet十．感叹词(interj.)hellohiohOKpleasehaahaheygoodwellallrightMmm对应词小结fat(thick)—thinnew(young)—oldman—womanboy—girlwhite—blackbusy—relaxhard-working—lazycold—hotcool—warmwet—dryclean—dirtybig—smallwide—narrowquick(fast)—slowfar—nearcurly—straightfirst—lasteasy—difficult(hard)soft(easy)—hardfriend—enemycome—gofront—backon—underbeautiful—uglytop—bottomsafe—dangerousleft(wrong)—righttrue—falseoff—onbitter—sweetborrow—lendday—nightin—on