高中英语句子成分分析课件 31页

Differentpartsofasentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。\n句子成分主语谓语表语宾语宾补定语状语\n1.ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语\n㈠主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词、todo/doing或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁”\nJaneisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.\n在“Therebe…”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.形式主语形式主语\n㈡谓语谓语用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致(主谓一致)。\n简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans(孤儿).复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Wehavefinishedthejob.\n系动词1）状态系动词（be动词）例如：Heisateacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand例如：Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.他开会时总保持沉默。3）表像系动词seem,appear,look,例如：Helookstired.他看起来很累。\n4）感官系动词feel,smell,sound,taste例如：Thiskindofclothfeelsverysoft.这种布手感很软。注意：系动词不用于被动语态.5）变化系动词become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：Hebecamemadafterthat.自那之后，他疯了。6）终止系动词prove,turnout,表达“证实”，“变成”之意例如：Therumorprovedfalse.这谣言证实有假。\n㈢表语在系动词后的部分就是表语Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.\n宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。㈣宾语\n宾语（双宾语）分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。Hegavemesomebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语\n●.pleasepassmethebook.●.Heboughtmesomeflowers.●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.\n㈤宾语补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。名词、动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语。\nIfoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.\n㈥定语▲定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式或相当于形容词的词或短语等都可以充当定语。因为它是修饰名词或代词的，而名词和代词可以作主语、表语或宾语，所以定语的位置很灵活，凡是有名词、代词的地方都可以有定语。如：\n定语Heisacleverboy.Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)\nThegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?(介词短语)(不定式)\n㈦状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.\nIwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.\n例如：Withouthishelp,wecouldn’tworkitout.Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.\n基本句型主语+系动词+表语（主系表）主语+不及物动词+（其他成分）主语+及物动词+宾语（主谓宾）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补\n1.Imetmyfriend.↓主语↓谓语↓宾语Exercises:分析句子结构\n2.Iwanttobeavolunteer.↓主语↓谓语↓宾语\n3.Iamastudent.↓主语↓系动词↓表语\n4.Ifelthappy.↓主语↓系动词↓表语\n1.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.↓主语↓谓语↓谓语↓宾语↓宾补\n练习（一）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.VAdverbialAttributeVAdverbial\n6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicativeVO.AdverbialOO.CPredicative\n8.Icouldn’tunderstandwhyhehaddecidedtoretireat50.9.Iamterriblyconfusedbyallthisinformation.10.Wehadalreadyreached9000feetbythen.11.Sheremindedmetoswitchoffallthelights.12.I’llbeabletopassmydrivingtestafterIhavehadafewlessons.13.Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.14.Itisobviousthatmoneydoesn’tgrowontrees.AdverbialV.OO.O.C.S.O.