高中英语虚拟语气(Subjunctive)语法课件 39页

虚拟语气Subjunctive\n虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念\nif引导的虚拟条件句\n一、在if条件从句中(叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。虚拟语气在在if非真实条件句中从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+动词过去式（be动词用were）主语+Would/could/might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+动词过去完成式主语+Would/could/might/should+have+过去分词与将来事实相反①if+主语+动词过去式②if+主语+wereto+动原③if+主语+should+动原主语+Would/could/might/should+动词原形\n虚拟语气[例句]1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)3.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)虚拟语气在在if非真实条件句中\n如果虚拟语气从句中用should+动词原形的话，主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示防备，以防万一等含义.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,don’twaitforme.万一明天下雨，不要等我了.IfTomshouldbleedagain,callme.万一Tom又流血了，打电话给我.\n当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整1)ifyouhadfollowedmyadviceyesterday,youwouldbebetternow.2)Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivenow.3)Ifhehadtakenthemedicineyesterday,hewouldbefinenow.(从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反)在if非真实条件句中混合型的虚拟语气\n倒装的If虚拟句\n如果if从句中有were,should或者had，可以省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldstayathome.=Hadyoucomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.=Shoulditrain,Iwouldstayathome.If条件句中虚拟语气中的倒装结构\n如果条件句为否定句，not应该放在主语后不能与were,had(助动词),和should连写放在句首.IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=WereInotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.\n含蓄条件句\n含蓄条件句的虚拟语气有些句子中，没有表示虚拟语气的词，但是根据前后句意，要使用虚拟语气。Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.Fiveminutesearlierandyoucouldhavemetheratthestation.Givenmoretime,hecouldhavedoneitbetter.Ishouldhavevisitedyouyesterday,butIwasbusy.Thetreedied,Ishouldhavewateredit.Everythingtakenintoconsideration(=ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration),theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.\n副词如or,otherwise,介词如with,without,butfor(要不是)等也可以引起虚拟语气。例如：Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.Otherwise/orshewouldnothaveleftsoearly.Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.\nWithbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.要是有好的设备，我们本可以做的更好。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavesucceeded.要是没有你的帮助，我不可能成功的。Butforthestorm,wecouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是这场暴风雨，我们本可以早点到的。\nWithoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.\n从句接should+动原的虚拟\n1)动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,以(should)+v原的形式现。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.\n2)Itis/wassuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。E.g.It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.注意：以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime\n注意:当suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecisionHeinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.\n3)Itis/wasnecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟,即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.\nwish引导的虚拟句\nIwishIrememberedtheaddress..我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlyasif/thoughdid/were现在haddone过去could/might/woulddo将来\nShelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.\nIfonly…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了.\nIt’s(about/high)time+that---过去时should+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.\nWouldratherthat现在/未来：过去：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去完成时\nIntend,hope,want,plan,mean等的过去完成时态或过去时态或动词用过去式‘不定式用完成时态时，表示与过去相反的虚拟语气.Hehadhopedforabetterjob,buthedidn’tgetit.IhadmeanttogoonSundaybuthavestayedon.Iintendedtohavehelpedhim,butIwasverybusyatthattime.\n{考点链接}1.——fired，yourhealthcareandotherbenefitswillnotbeimmediatelycutoff.(2006湖北)AwouldyoubeBshouldyoubeCcouldyoubeDmightyoube2.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe___toMiamibuttoNewYork.---Iagree.buttheproblemis__hehasrefusedto.(2005,江苏)Awillnotbesent;thatBnotbesent;thatCshouldnotbesent;whatDshouldnotsend;whatBB\n3.---DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?---_____,Ifeelabitcold.(2004广东)A.OfcoursenotB.I’dratheryoudidn’tC.GoaheadD.Whynot4.Hepaidaseat,whenhe___haveenteredfree.(2005山东)A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.needBA\n虚拟语气Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetMoreExercisesAD\n虚拟语气3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!ButIdidn’t.A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneBAB\n虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenCA\n虚拟语气8.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had9.Idon’tthinkitistherighttimethatyou__.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.A.breaks  B.hasbrokenC.werebroken  D.hadbeenbrokenDBC\n虚拟1.—Jackfellofftheladderyesterday,butfortunatelyhefelloffonthesoftgrass.—Whataluckydog!He__________________(本来可能伤害)himselfbadly.2.—Whatapity!Imissedthelastconcertoftheyear.—Oh,notatall.Itwassoterrible.infact,Iwouldrather________________(我没去过)there.(be)3.Theyoungmandemandedthathe______________________(被送去工作)inthewestofChina.(send)Ihadn'tbeencouldhaveinjuredshouldbesenttowork\n虚拟4.Myparentsinsistedthatchildren_________________(不被理睬)whentheymadenoisesfornoreasonsandaskedforthingsrudely.(ignore)5.HetalkedaboutAmericaasif_________________(他在那里呆过)formanyyears.shouldbeignoredhehadstayedthere\n6.Thedoctorsuggestedthatthepatient________________(被送往)amoreadvancedhospitalatonce.(send)shouldbesentto\n7.Hughusuallytalksasif_____________________(他在发表演讲)ataconference,butnoonewilllistentohim.(give)heweregivingaspeech\n8.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofthiscountry,butIwouldrather_________________(多谈一点)itsculture.(focus)hefocusedmoreon\n9.IwishI______________(能够参加)suchactivities.ButasastudentinSeniorThree,I'mtoobusytosparethetime.(join)couldjoinin