Peter精编高中英语构词法课件x 34页

高考英语复习主题之---英语词汇记忆法建安区三高熊训勇\nGuessingnewwordsambulancen救护车ponderousadj.胖的要死indoorsmann.宅男gelivableadj.给力的seckillv.n.秒杀transplantv.移植、嫁接broadenv.加宽，拓宽\n1.time-travelTVdrama2.grouppurchasing3.daddy-is-the-key猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之合成法拼爹穿越剧团购把两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词的方法叫做合成法1.直接写在一起。2.用连字符(-)连接。\n4.discloseone’ssecret5.Microblog6.It'sallfloatingcloud.7.envious,jealousandhateful.猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之派生法神马都是浮云微博吐槽前缀:一般只改变词义,不改变词类后缀:一般只改变词类,不引起词义变化羡慕嫉妒恨\n转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来{Ithasagoodtaste.Ittastesverygood.recordn.记录v.记录{Hebroketherecord.Herecordssomethingwhilereadingabook.\n猜猜看——最时髦的网络流行语之缩略、简写11.PRC12.NBA13.EQ、IQPeople'sRepublicofChina中华人民共和国NationalBasketballAssociation北美篮球联盟EmotionalQuotient情商IntelligenceQuotient智商\nWord-formation合成法派生法转化法缩写和简写\n合成（compounding）合成法：合成名词合成形容词{\n构词方式例词blood-test验血，she-wolf母狼mass-批量生产handwriting,shorthand速记freezing-point,readingroomwashroom,breakthrough突破，outbreak名词/代词+名词名词+动名词形容词+名词动名词+名词动词+名词动词+副词副词+动词production爆发\n2.合成形容词构成方式例词noble-minded,three-leggedgood-looking,fine-sounding动听的high-class高级的，large-scale大规模的duty-free免税的，airsick晕机的形容词/数词+名词+ed形容词+现在分词形容词+名词名词+形容词\npeace-loving,English-speakingman-made,snow-coveredhard-working,far-reaching深远的well-known,widespread广泛流传的four-day四天的,five-year名词+现在分词名词+过去分词副词+现在分词副词+过去分词数词+名词\n2017.全国卷3：Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmanyofthedifferencesweseebetween.根据合成词中的high（高的）和light（灯光）推测，highlight的意思是（强光）。转化为一个动词，与differences搭配，意思为——（vt.突出；强调）2016.全国卷2：Butthetruthisthatyoucanhavelastnight’sleftoversinthemorningifyouwantto.根据合成词中的left（剩下的）和over（过量）推测，leftovers的意思是——（n.遗留；剩余物；吃剩的食物）高考经典回顾\n派生法派生法前缀后缀否定前缀其他前缀名词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀动词后缀\n高考经典回顾2018全国卷1-Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunoutofsoftsurface,doexerciseto68_(strength)yourlegmuscles...Runningischeap,easyanditisalways69_(energy).2017全国卷2-Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69_(introduce)ofelectic-poweredenginesandlifts.\n常见的四种否定前缀：Un-,in/im/il/ir-,dis-,mis-前缀意义用法例词un-不,未(=not)加在形容词或副词前unnecessary,unexpected,unusual相反动作加在动词前Uncover,unlock,undressin-，il-，im-，ir-不,非,无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,illegal,illogical前缀\n常见的四种否定前缀：Un-,in/im/il/ir-,dis-,mis-前缀意义用法例词dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词、动词前dishonour,diseasedislike,disbelievemis-表示错误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,mislead,misunderstanding，mishandle前缀\n其他前缀：前缀意义用法例词re-表示：再一次，重新用于动词及派生名词名词、形容词及其它名词前(=again)renew,reborn,rebuild,reappear,retellfore-表示：时间或位置的“在前面”加在动词或名词前(=before)foresee,foreleg,forehead,forewordpre-表示：在前、事先、预先加在名词或形容词前(=before,infront,inadvance)prepay,prewar,preschool,prehistory前缀\n其他前缀：前缀意义用法例词post-表示：时间和顺序的“在后边”加在名词或形容词前(=after,behind)post-war,postmodernpostgraduateinter-表示:“互相”“在…间”加在名词、形容词前构成动词(=between,among)interchange,international,interactinterdependentsuper-表示：高级、在之上，“超”加在名词前(=above,over,upon)supermarket,supernatural前缀\n其他前缀：前缀意义例词ex-“前任”ex-president;ex-wife“向外”=outexclude;express;exit;exportmini-“短的”“小的”Minibus;miniskirt;minicomputeranti-“防，防止；抗”antibody;antifreeze;Anti-Japanese前缀\n后缀（Suffixes）后缀是加在词根或单词后面的部分。后缀分为四种：1）名词后缀；2）形容词后缀；3）动词后缀；4）副词后缀\n1）名词后缀名词后缀有许多种，下面略举数种为例：表人，物，抽象名词等-erworker(工人)-istartist(艺术家)-ortractor(拖拉机)-hoodchildhood(童年)-shipfriendship(友谊)\n2）形容词后缀表示一种事物具有或属于某种性质或状态，表意义“是……的”，“似……的”…-ousfamous(著名的)-fulpowerful(强有力的)-yhilly(多山的)-proofwater-proof（防水的）\n2）形容词后缀-ed(动词后加ed表具有):excited,amazed-ful(名词后加ful表充满):hopeful,thankful-less(名词后面加less,表没有……的):careless,useless-like(表“像”):childlike-ly(表特色、“每”):motherly,daily-y(表具有……特征):sandy-able,-ive(动词转形容词):changeable,attractive\n3）动词后缀表示“使成为……”，“致使”，“做……”，“化”，“变成……”等，如：-fyglorify(使光荣)-izemodernize(现代化)-enlengthen(延长)-atediscriminate(区分)\n高考经典回顾2018全国卷1-Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunoutofsoftsurface,doexerciseto68_(strength)yourlegmuscles...Runningischeap,easyanditisalways69_(energy).2017全国卷2-Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththe69_(introduce)ofelectic-poweredenginesandlifts.\n4）副词后缀表示方式、方向、性质、状态等，如：-wiseclockwise(顺时针方向的)-wayscrossways(交叉地)-wardssouthwards(向南)-lyhappily(幸福地)\n例二：ShopkeepersinModburypopulation1,500,agreedtostophandingoutdisposableplasticbagstocustomersonSaturday.Theysaidpapersacksandclothcarrierbagswouldbeofferedinstead.Theunderlinedword"disposable"inthepassageprobablymeans_______.acceptableB.valuableC.throw-awayD.long-lasting答案C。Disposable=dis+pos+able，其中pos=place；put，dis=apart，able表示可能的，这就有了可任意处置、用完即丢的含义。\n常见的转化形式：转化法考点梳理名词→动词button纽扣→button扣上纽扣形容词→动词correct正确的→correct改正动词→名词feed喂养→feed一餐，一顿形容词→名词native本地的→native本地人副词→动词up在上面→up提高\n1．Youarenotalone，andweareall________(back)you.2．Hefinishedhistask，walkedoutoftheofficeand________(head)forthecoffeehouse.3．Thelittleboysucceededin________(clear)thetable.4．Thegreenhandwas______(fine)manytimesforhisbreakingtrafficlaws.5．Whenyou’reswinging，youshouldholdtherope________(firm)．Fillintheblanks.firmly举一反三backingheadedclearingfined\n二、请使用able的正确形式填空。1.Computers_______peopletogetmoreinformationmorequickly.2.Heis________todiscriminatecolors.Heiscolor-blind.3.Herlackofexperienceisasevere________.enableunabledisability\n4.Anaccident________himfromplayingfootball.5.Deafpeopleanddumbpeopleare_________.disableddisabled\n三、请使用like的正确形式填空。1.Ihavetakenastrong______ofhim.2.Sheisnot______tocomenextmonth.3.Greatmindsthink_______.4.Howdoyou____thisbook?5.Itwasvery____________thathewoulddothat.dislike/likelikelyalikelikeunlikely/likely\n6.I______beingdisturbed.7.Everyonehashis_____and_______.8.___________therestofherfamily,sheisoutgoingandeasytogetalongwith.dislikedislikeslikesUnlike/Like\nThat’sall.Thankyou！