高中二年级英语课件 58页

非谓语动词1．性质：它具有动词的特点，但在句子中起着名词、形容词、副词的作用，充当主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语的作用，即：除谓语以外一切成分。\n2．形式不定式相当于名词、形容词、副词。充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语。动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、宾语。分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语形成分\n3．语态：必须搞清逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系，从而来确定非谓语动词态的语态。逻辑主语能发出该动作（发）逻辑主语不能发出该动作（收）不发不收用结构：动词不定式：用结构。动名词：用结构。分词：用独立主格结构\n1．不定式作主语：Warmupexercises:1)changethefollowingintotheinfinitive1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.2)changethesentencesaboveintotheonesusing“it”asinformal.\n3)A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for引起的短语。Itiseasyforthestudentstoread.Itwillbeamistakeforustohelpyou.\nB:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个of引起的短语，来说明不定式指的是谁的情况，这些形容词是：kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,wrong,right,foolish,stupid,careless,rude,polite,naughtyetc.It’skindofyoutothinksomuchofus.It’sunwiseofhimtoleavehomeatonce.It‘swrongofhimtospeakbadbehindothers.It’swrongforthesouthtobreakawayfromtheUnion.\n2．不定式作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Sheseemed______(think)abouttheproblem.4.Theyappeared_____(agree)withwhatwesaid.不定式作表语时可以和主语部分调换。\n3．不定式作宾语：有些及物动词常用不定式作宾语。常见的动词有：want,demand,like,hate,hope,begin,seem,fail,help,offer,manage,pretend,forget,remember,promise,prepare,learn,expect,agree,determine,prefer,intend,etc.\nTheywanted______(get)onthebus,didn’tthey?Hesaidhewished______(be)aprofessor.Iagreed______(go)therewiththedoctor.Mydaughterpreferred______(dance)whenshewasinhertwenties.Hehadpromised______(give)meahand.\n4.不定式作宾语补足语A)1.Ididn’twantmyparents______(help)me.2.We’dpreferyou_______(take)thejobinsteadofZhang.3.Theschoolorderedalltheclassroom______(clean).4.Myparentsexpectme_______(go)toaidealuniversity.5.Joanpromisedthedinner______(cook)beforewereturned.6.Thedoctoradvisedthepatient______(take)twopillseveryfourhours.7.Hedeterminedme_______(tell)everything.\nB)Whomflnssbdosth.(watch,have(使)hear,observe,make,feel,listen(to),let,notice,seeetc.+sb+动词原形+sth+done\nWecan’tletthis______(go)on.Iwillnotletmychildren______(treat)inthatway.Johnmadehim______(tell)everything.Thetwoboysweresorryindeedtoseehim______(go).Wefeltthehouse______(shake)intheearthquake.Doyoulikelisteningtootherpeople______(talk)?Haveyoueverheardhim______(tell)alie?Whowouldyouliketohave______(go)?Whowouldyouliketohave______(go)with?Whatsongdidyouhear______(sing)?Wesawthehouse______(burn)tothegroundwhenwereachedthere.\n5.不定式作定语Changethefollowingintoinfinitives.Hewasthefirstpersonthatcametotheclassroomthismorning.TheonlythingthatIwanttogetisthediamondnecklace.Everythingthatisdoneneedspraising.Doyouhaveanythingthatyouwanttosay?Herearesomebooksthatyoucanread.\n6.不定式作状语。状语的形式很多，有目的、结果、原因、条件、让步、比较、方式、伴随等，但目的、结果要用不定式。\nA)Substitution:Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbustothetown.Hegotupearly_______________catchthefirstbus.WemustworkhardatEnglishinorderthatwecancontactforeignersfreely.WemustworkhardatEnglish______________contactforeignersfreely.Hewassofrightenedthathecouldhardlysayanything.Hewas______frightened_______sayanything.Hewas______brave____________sayanything.Hewassoyoungthathecouldgotoschool.Hewas_____late_____gotoschool.Hewasnot________________gotoschool.\nB)1.______(save)thebadlysicklady,thedoctorhadanoperationonher.2.Hehurriedtothestationonly_____(find)thetrainleft.\n动名词1．动名词作主语A)1.______(die)forpeopleisagloriousthing.2.______(talk)withhimisagreatpleasure.3.______(help)othersisourduty.4.______(see)istobelieve.5.______(seat)atthebackoftheclassroommadethestudentssurprised.\nit作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列巨型常用动名词：Itis+nogood(nouse,fun,apleasure,awasteoftime)+doing…Thereisno+doing….如：It’snouse______(sit)herewaiting.Thereisno______(say)whatwillhappennext.Isitanygood______(tell)himthetruthrightnow.\n不定式与动名词的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作：It’snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.It’snotgoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.\nB)关于逻辑主语的问题1.______tothemeetingsurprisedalloftheboards.A.MikecomingB.MikecameC.MikecomingD.Mike’scoming2.It’snouse_______thatyoudidn’tknowtherules.A.youpretendB.youpretendingC.yourpretendingD.yourpretendChangethefollowingintothesimplesentences.ThatPeterdidn’tattendthemeetingmadeitputoff.\n2．动名词作表语1.Herworkis______(look)afterthechildren.2.Myaimis______(go)toTsinghuaUniversity.3.Oneofmybadhabitis______(bite)nails（指甲）.\n3．动名词作宾语mecafps+doing(mind,miss,excuse,enjoy,escapeconsider,admit(承认)advise,appreciate=enjoy,avoid,finish,practise,suggest,stop)delay,imagine,include,keep,quit,resist,risk,understand,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,etc.以及介词后接动名词doing\nHewasinlowspiritsandevenconsider_____(go)away.Practise_____(put)yourhandtotheground.Ican’thelp______(have)thetriptoBritain.Don’ttellmeyoualwaysescape_____(fine)becauseyouhaveafastsportscar.Leaveoff______(bite)yournails!Hedidn’tfeellike______(work),sohesuggested_____(spend)thedayinthegarden.Youcertainlymustn’tmiss_______(see)thewonderfulfilm.\nThedoctoradvised______(stay)longerinhospital.Icouldn’timaginethat______(be)possible.Weappreciateyour______(want)______(help)usinourdifficulties.Wecan’tstand______(pooh-pooh)everynewidea.Michaelhasdelayed______(write)tohertilltoday.\nThelawforbids______(sell)liquortochildren.Theyallsuggested______(give)morechances.Canyouimagine______(leave)standingoutsideforawholenight.Theybuiltthebankstopreventtheareafrom______(flood).Womendomind______(smoke)bymen.\n动名词与不定式的不同含义：beafraidtodo不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事beafraidofdoing担心、恐怕出现Shewasafraid______(wake)herhusbandup,forhehadbadtemper.Shewasafraid______(ofwake)herhusband,forhewasill.\n2)forgettodosth.忘记去做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth.忘记做过了某事（已做）Thelightintheofficeisoff.Itwasshewhoturneditoff,butsheherselfforgot_______(turn)itoff.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.Sheforgot______(turn)itoff.\n3)remembertodosth.记着去做某事（未做）rememberdoingsth.记着做了某事（已做）Doyouremember______(meet)meatapartylastyear?Youmustremember______(leave)tomorrow.\n4)stoptodosth.stopdoingsth.5)regrettodosth.regretdoingsth.Iregret_____(go)tohishometown.Iregret_____(tell)youthetruth.\n6)trytodosth.trydoingsth.Youmusttry_____(do)itagain.Let’stry_____(do)theworkinsomeotherway.\n7)meantodosth.meandoingsth.Ifitmeans_____(delay)morethanaweek,I’llnotwait.Imean_____(go),andnothingcanstopme.8)goontodosth.goondoingsth.\n9)like/love/start/begin/hate/continuetodosth.doingsth.10)Sth.wnat/require/needtobedonedoing.Thetempleneeds____(rebuild).Thechildrenrequire____(educate).\n动名词复合结构的一般规则是：1.逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词或代词所有格；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。Tom’s(His)comingiswhatwehaveexpected.Shedidn’tmindJack/Jack’s(him/his)cominghere.\n2.逻辑主语是无生命名词时，只用普通格。Isthereanyhopeofourwinningthematch?3.逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this,that,somebody,someone,nobody,none,anybody,anyone时，只用普通格。Shewasdisturbedbysomebodyshoutingoutside.\n11)canithelpdoingsth.can’thelpdosth.can’thelpbutdosth.不能不，忍不住1.Icouldn’thelp___(think)ofmychildhoodwhenIsawthepicture.2.I’msorryIcan’thelp___(lend)youthemoney,forI’mshortofitnowadays.3.Ican’thelpbut___(cry).\n9)permit,allow,advise,consider,admitdoingsth.sb./whtodosth.1.Doyouconsider_____(buy)thiskindofbook?2.Isheconsidered_____(take)thisposition?3.Isheconsidered_____(send)toworkinTibet?\n分词分词：分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语。分词可分为现在分词、过去分词。一般式完成式现在分词doinghavingdonehavingbeendone过去分词done\n1）分词与动名词作表语时的区别：1.Ourplanis______(finish)thetaskbeforeMay.2.Tom’sjobwas______(guard)thefactory.3.Hislectureis______(interest),whichmadeus______(interest).4.Thesituationis______(encourage).\n2)现在分词和过去分词作状语的区别：分词与逻辑主语（即句子主语）关系来决定分词的语态，主语能发出分词的动作用主动doing/havingdone，不能发出分词的动作用被动done/havingbeendong。分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后doing(用一般式)，如发生在谓语动词之前，(用完成式)havingdone。\nA)1._____(see)thosepicture,hecouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedaysinYan’an.2._____(turn)round,Fannyfoundanambulancedrivingup.3_____(water)thevegetables,theybegantopickuptheapples.4._____(finish)thework,hewentbackhomeonfoot.5._____(inspire)byDr.Chen’sspeech,theydecidedtostudymathsharder.6._____(persuade)byhermother,shegladlywenttherealone.\n7.Warmly_____(praise)forhiswork,hewastooexcitedtofallasleep.8._____(arrive)atthestation,wefoundthetraingone.9._____(send)thechildtobed,shebegantocorrectthepupils’exercises.10._____(surround),theenemyfoundnowheretohideandhadtogiveup.11.Once_____(arm),weareafraidofnothing.12.While_____(cross)thestreet,lookoutforcars.\n13.When_____(walk)inthepark,Mathildemetwithheroldfriend.14.While_____(criticize),shecried.15.Shecameearlierthan_____(expect).16.Everythinggoeswellas_____(plan).17.Shestillmadethesamemistakesthough____(tell)severaltimes.18.____(give)moretime,wearesuretodoitbetter.\n19.Thedoctordideverythinghecould_____(save)thepatient.20._____(improve)hisEnglish,WangLingworksmuchharder.\n作目的、结果状语的区别：21.LiMingworkshard_____(pass)theexams.22.LiMingworkshard_____(try)topasstheexams.23.Hereturnedhome_____(find)thehousebrokeninto.24.Hisfatherdied,_____(leave)himnothingbutdebts.\n25.Footballisplayedoveracentury,_____(make)itpopular.26.Beessuckhoneyintotheirstomachs,____(get)thickerandthicker.判断下列对或错：1.Seeingfromthehill,thecitylooksmorebeautiful.2.Havinghaddinner,thedisheswerewashed.3.Leavingathome,thelittlegirlfeltmuchafraid.\n一些独立结构：1.Generally_____(speak),wehavelearntalotinthisschool.2._____(judge)fromhisappearance,heissomebody.3._____(tell)youthetruth,yourworkisterrible.\n将上列1-18句分词部分改成从句：B)伴随状语1.Theboylayinbed,_____(listen)tomusic.2.It’sabadhabittotalktoothers,____(look)aside.3.Theprofessorenteredtheroom,_____(follow)byhisassistants.4.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalk,____(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.5.Theboystoodinfrontoftheteacher,_____(criticize).\n独立主格结构（所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）A)1.Today____(be)Sunday,thelibrarydoesn’topen.2.There_____(be)nobuses,wehadtowalkhome.\n3.Thesignal_____(give),thebusstarted.4.Weather____(permit),we’llvisittheGreatWall.5.AteacherfromEngland____(teach)usEnglish,we’resuretolearnitwell.B)6.Withhim____(give)usalead,ourteamistowin.7.Withtheworker____(lead),theYoungPioneerswentthroughtheforestandstartedtowardsthemountainvillage.\n8.Manypeoplespokealoudinfrontofourclassroom,withnobody____(stop)them.9.Hewaslookingatthescreenagain,withthemachine____(turn)on.10.Thegirlfeltuneasywiththewholeclass_____(stare)ather.11.Nowthepatientcouldwalkwiththenurse____(support)him.\n12.Withthemachinery_____(do)allthework,wefinishedthetasklastmonth.13.Shelayonthegrasswithhereyes_____(close).14.Youmightcatchacoldwithyourfeet_____(expose).\n3）现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：whomflns+sbdo(经常性动作)+sbdoingsth.（正在进行）+sthdone（被动）1.Iusedtoseetheseboys____(play)ontheplayground.\n2.Isawthem_____(play)thecomputerthisafternoon.3.Haveyou_____(heard)thissong_____(sing)before?4.Shewassurprisedtofindthehouse_____(break)intowhenshewentbackhome.5．Unfortunately,hegothiswallet_____(steal)onthebus.6.Weareinterestedinhearinghim_____(tell)usthenews.\n7.Hewon’thaveus_____(criticize)him.8.It’sabadhabittoleavethework______(undo).9.YesterdayIcaughthim_____(take)mydictionarywhenIwentintotheclassroom.\n4）分词作定语：A)1.Doyouknowtheman_____(speak)atthemeeting?2.Doyouknowtheman_____(praise)atthemeeting?3.Thebuilding_____(put)uplastnowisourlibrary.4.Thebuilding_____(put)upnowwillbeournewcompany.\n5.Thebuilding_____(put)upnextyearwillbeournewcompany.6.Therewasanoldtemple_____(stand)atthetopofthehill.7.Thereisasportsmeeting_____(hold)nextTuesday.8.Therewasanoldman______(live)inthevillage.\nB)1.Hewasthefirstperson_____(come)totheclassroomthismorning.2.Theonlything_____(get)isthediamondnecklace.3.Everything_____(do)needspraising.4.Doyouhaveanything____(say)?5.Herearesomebooksforyou_____(read).\n5)作定语时，一个词放在前面，短语放在后面。（注意语态）The_____(surprise)newsmadeus_____(surprise).2.The_____(interest)man,Chaplin,interestedusall.3.The_____(excite)footballmatchattractedmanyfootballfuns.4.Thereappeareda_____(worry)lookonhisface.5.Shetriedtohideher_____(dissatisfy)expressioninpublic.