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高三英语总复习语法系列训练让步状语从句专讲\n让步状语从句通常用though,although,nomatter,evenif,if,eventhough,however,whatever等引起。△让步状语从句可以前置,也可以后置;前置时强调主句内容,后置时强调从句内容。有时也可以采取中位(插入句中)。1.although和though引导的让步状语从句:①两个词同义,一般情况下可以互换使用,如:Hedidn’tlightthefirethough/althoughitwascold.②although比though较正式,语气较重,常用于强调让步概念,如:HeinsistedondoingitalthoughIwarnedhimnotto.③though可以和even连用,但although不可以,如:Although(Eventhough)thetrafficheldusup,wegottotheairportontime.④当让步状语从句是指一种假设的情况,不指事实时,通常用though,而不用although,如:Hewillneverdosuchathingthoughhe(should)beforcedto.Thoughalltheworldwereagainstme,Ishallstillholdtomyopinion.⑤though可以在非正式文体中用作连接性状语,而although则不行。(though可以放在句中或句末,通常用逗号隔开),如:Hesaidhewouldcome;hedidn’t,though.⑥though引导的从句可用倒装语序(即把从句中的表语或状语等放在though之前),而although不能这样用,如:Youngthoughsheis,yetsheisfitforthejob.(=Youngassheis,…)⑦有时可用副词yet,still,nevertheless(但不能用连词but)来配合连接词though或although,以加强语气,如:Thoughheisoverseventy,yet/still/neverthelesshecanridethebike.⑧though和although后面的主语和谓语动词be可以省略,如果这个主语和主句中的主语指同一个人或物时,如:Though(itwas)cold,itwasafinewintermorning.Though(hewas)severelywounded,yetherefusedtoleavethebattlefield.Though(theywere)verytired,theycontinuedtomarchon.\n2.evenif,eventhough和if引导的让步状语从句:△evenif与eventhough同义,常用于强调让步概念,如:I’lldoit,evenifittakesmealltheafternoon.Hewasthereevenifwedidn’tseehim.Evenifyoufail,youcantryagain.I’llhelpyou,evenifIdon’tsleepforanight.注:if有时也可以用于让步含义,但要注意条件if与让步if的区别,试比较:Ifheispoor,howcanhebuythehouse?(条件)Ifheispoor,heisatleasthonest.(让步)(=evenif)Ifheisinexperienced,hewon’tbeabletoaccomplishit.(条件)Ifheisinexperienced,heisatanyrateeagertolearn.(让步)(=evenif)IfJohnhadbeenthere,Iwouldhaveseenhim.(条件)IfJohnwasthere,Ididn’tseehim.(让步)(=evenif)\n3.由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构:在正式文体或文学作品中,为了强调让步的含义,可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首,而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。(though,that与as一样,也可以用于这种结构),如下面几种情况:①表语的倒装:Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.OldasIam,Icanstillfight.Cleverasyoumaybe,youcannotdothat.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’treachthetopshelf.Difficultthoughthetaskwas,theymanagedtoaccomplishitintime.②状语的倒装:(这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语)MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldnotcatchupwiththem.③谓语动词的倒装:Tryashewould,hecouldnotrememberawordofit.(=Nomatterhowhewouldtry…)Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness.Searchastheywould,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.Tryasyoumay,youwillneversucceed.\n注意事项:①如果是单数名词或形容词最高级作表语,不再用冠词,如:TeacherasMichaelis,heisnotcapableofteachingallsubjects.Childas/thathewas,heknewwhatwastherightthingtodo.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.Childasheis,heknowsmuch.②as从句可以置于主句前、主句后或句中,当as从句置于句首时,主句前可加yet,如:Mary,braveassheis,isafraidofsnakes.Hewasunabletomakemuchprogress,hardashetried.Richasheis,(yet)Idon’tenvyhim.③当作表语的形容词提前时,如果从句的主语是人称代词,那么它只能放在动词之前;如果从句的主语是名词,则可用倒装语序,也可用陈述语序,如:Tiredasweretheworkers,theydidnotstop.Cleverthough/asyoumaybe,youcan’tdothat.④as从句与主句在时态上可以不一致,如:Childasheis,hewasbrave.⑤注意区别as引导的原因从句与让步从句,试比较:Lawyerasheis,heexplainsthereasonclearly.(原因从句)Lawyerasheis,hecan’texplainthereasonveryclearly.(让步从句)\n4.eventhough和thougheventhough(=evenif)引导的从句指把握不大或假设的事情,意为“即使”、“纵然”;though引导的从句指事实,意为“尽管”、“虽然”,例如:Hewillnotrevealthesecret,eventhoughheknowsit.(可能知道,也可能不知道。)Hewillnotrevealthesecretthoughheknowsit.(虽然知道,却不说出来。)5.while引导的让步状语从句:while(=although),它引导的让步状语从句只能前置,位于句首,如:Whileyoumayberight,Ican’taltogetheragree.WhileIadmitthattheproblemsaredifficult,Idon’tagreethattheycannotbesolved.注意比较下列各句:WhileIadmithisgoodpoints,Icanseehisshortcomings.(让步)WhileIunderstandwhatyousay,Ican’tagreewithyou.(让步)WhileIwasreading,thelightwentout.(时间)Motionisabsolutewhilestagnationisrelative.(转折、对比)Heisidle,whilehisbrotherisdiligent.(转折、对比)\n6.whether…or…引导的让步状语从句:△这种从句也称“选择条件-让步状语从句”,可位于主句之前或之后,如:Whetherhedrivesor(whetherhe)flies,hewillbehereontime.Whetheryoulikeitornot,you’llhavetodoit.Whetherornotitrains,I’mgivingapartytomorrow.Weholdthatallcountries,(whethertheyare)bigorsmall,(whethertheyare)richorpoor,shouldbeequal.Whetheritrainsorsnows,Iwillgotonight.Shehadtogo,whetherornotshewantedit.\n7.由连接代词whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever引导的让步状语从句:Whoever(=nomatterwho)isunwillingtogo,Iwillgo.(whoever既相当于连接词短语nomatter连接主句与从句,又相当于疑问代词who)Whomever(=nomatterwhom)youaredealingwith,thismethodisnogood.Whatever(=nomatterwhat)happens,keepcalm.Whateverothersmaysay,youarecertainlyright.Whichever(=nomatterwhich)youchoose,wehavenoobjection.8.由连接形容词whatever或whichever引导的让步状语从句,如:Whatever(=nomatterwhat)difficultiesmayarise,wemustandcanovercomethemonebyone.(whatever既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句,又相当于疑问形容词what修饰名词difficulties。)Whichever(=nomatterwhich)roomisassignedtohim,hewillhavenoobjection.Whichevermethodyouuse,theresultismuchthesame.\n9.由连接副词however,wherever或whenever引导的让步状语从句。例如:However(=nomatterhow)difficultthetaskmaybe,wewillfulfilitontime.(however既相当于nomatter连接主句与从句,又相当于疑问副词how修饰difficult。)Wherever(=nomatterwhere)theywent,theywerewarmlywelcomed.WheneverI’munhappy,hecheersmeup.ThedogfollowsmewhereverIgo.10.注意以上几种结构的省略形式:Howeverdifficultthetask(maybe),itwillbefulfilledontime.Howevergreatthedifficulties(maybe),wewillneverretreat.Whateverthedifficulties(maybe),theymustandcanbeovercome.\n11.由whenever,wherever引导的从句,同时也分别是时间状语从句和地点状语从句,这里作为让步状语从句来看待,是强调它们带有nomatterwhen,nomatterwhere的含义。在口语中用nomatter+wh-结构比较常见。例如:NomatterwhatIdid,noonepaidanyattention.(=WhateverIdid,…)Nomatterwhenandhowtheinvaderscome,theywillbewipedoutclean.Nomatterwhoitis,Idon’twanttoseehim.Nomatterhowdifficultthetaskmaybe,wemustfulfilitintime.Itistrue,nomatterwhatyoumaysay.(可置于主句之后)Don’tbelievetherumour,nomatterwhorepeatsit.(可置于主句之后)口语中还可以这样用:Itdoesn’tmatter(=Nomatter)whathemaysay,Iamgoing.