高中英语 unit 1 great scientists全单元课件 85页

Unit1Greatscientists\nUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod1&2WarmingupandReadingI\nWarmingupWhatimpressyoumostin2003?\nWhichpersonimpressyoumostduringtheSARS?\nWhatotherinfectiousdiseasesdoyouknow?Forexample:Whenyoueatsomeseafood……Youfeel……Maybeyouhavegot________.CholeraWarmingup----questions(2m)\n\nJohnSnowdefeats“Kingcholera”Reading\nSkimming:answerthefollowingquestions:WhatarethetwotheoriesJohnSnowgotinterestedin?WhatdidJohnSnow’experienceshow?Howtopreventthediseasehappeningagain?Reading-I----skimming(2m)\n1.Thetwotheoriesare:Thefirstsuggestedthatcholeramultipliedintheairwithoutreason.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.3.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallwatersuppliesbeexaminedandnewmethodsofdealingwithpollutedwaterbefound.2.JohnSnowhadshownthatcholerawasspreadbygermsandnotinacloudofgas.Keys:\nScientificReportbyJohnSnowTheproblemThecauseIdea1:Idea2:peopleabsorbedthedisease_________________.ThemethodTheresultsIdea1or2?why?Theconclusionthecauseoftheseriousdiseaseofcholera.________________________thatattackedvictims____________fromthenextcholeraattacktotesttheories.Trytoprovewhichmethodwascorrect.Hefoundthecauseofcholerawas____________________.Idea2.Becausethedatashowedaconnectionwiththewater.JohnSnowwasableto___________onceitscausewasknow.Nobodyknew___________________StrangecloudintheairwiththeirmealsCollectdatathepollutedwaterdefeatcholeraReading-II----scanning(3m)\nDetailedreadingReadthepassageagain,andthenfindoutthedifficultorkeysentenceswiththepartner.Reading-III----detailedreading(2m)\n1.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.Inthecaseofaninfectiousdiseaseitmeansnottakingcaretostopitsspread.\n2.Hegotinterestedinthetwotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.Thismeansthathebegantofindoutaboutboththeories.\n3.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.ThesentencemeansProbablyitwasthewaterthatcausedtheillness.\nDiscussion:Discussthefollowingquestionsingroupsoffour.1.2.3.Cholerawasa19thcenturydisease.Whatdiseasedoyouthinkissimilartocholeratoday?JohnSnowbelievedIdea2wasright.Howdidhefinallyproveit?DoyouthinkJohnSnowwouldhavesolvedthisproblemwith-outthemap?Giveareason.Discussion(4m)\nTwodiseases,whicharesimilartoday,areSARSandAIDSbecausetheyarebothveryserious,haveanunknowncauseandpublichealthcaretosolvethem.JohnSnowfinallyprovedhisideabecausehefoundanoutbreakthatwasclearlyrelatedtocholera,collectedinformationandwasabletotiecasesoutsidetheareatothepollutedwater.Keys1.2.\nNo.ThemaphelpedJohnSnoworganisehisideas.Hewasabletoidentifythosehouseholdsthathadhadmanydeathsandchecktheirwater-drinkinghabits.Heidentifiedthosehousesthathadhadnodeathsandsurveyedtheirdrinkinghabits.Theevidenceclearlypointedtothepollutedwaterbeingthecause.3.\nLet’shaveacompetition!Extension(延伸)\n1.Whichscientistdiscoveredthatobjectsinwaterareliftedupbyaforcethathelpsthemfloat?B.Archimedes阿基米德C.ThomasEdison爱迪生A.CharlesDarwin达尔文\n2.Whowroteabookexplaininghowanimalsandplantsdevelopedastheenvironmentchanged?MarieCurie居里C.CharlesDarwin达尔文B.GregorMendel门道尔\n3.Whoinventthefirststeamengine?ThomasNewcomen纽兴门C.ThomasEdisonB.Archimedes\n4.Whousedpeastoshowhowphysicalcharacteristicsarepassedfromparentstotheirchildren.A.ThomasEdisonC.ArchimedesB.GregorMendel\n5.Whodiscoveredradium?A.MarieCurieC.NewtonB.ZhangHeng\n6.Whoinventedthewayofgivingelectricitytoeverybodyinlargecities?A.StephenHawkingC.ThomasEdisonB.Archimedes\n7.Whowasthepainterthatstudieddeadbodiestoimprovehispaintingofpeople?A.GregorMendelC.MarieCurieB.LeonardodaVinci达·芬奇\n8.Whoinventedalamptokeepminerssafeunderground?A.SirHumphryDavyC.FaradayB.ThomasNewcomen\n9.Whoinventedtheearliestinstrumenttotellpeoplewhereearthquakeshappened?A.CharlesDarwinC.WattB.ZhangHeng\n10.Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?A.StephenHawkingC.CopernicusB.Archimedes\nLanguagepointsforreadingI\nUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod3Learningaboutlanguage\nReadthepassageagainandfillintheblanks:JohnSnowwasawell-known____inLondoninthe___century.Hewantedtofindthe______ofcholerainorderto______it.In1854whenacholera____out,hebegantogatherinformation.He_____onamapwhereallthedeadpeoplehadlivedandhefoundthatmanypeoplewhohaddrunkthedirtywaterfromthe______died.Sohedecidedthatthepollutedwatercarriedcholera.Hesuggestedthatthe_____ofallwatersupplybe_______andnewmethodsof________withpollutedwaterbefound.Finally,“KingCholera”wasdefeated.doctor19thcausedefeatbrokemarkedpumpsourceexamineddealing(in5minutes)\nAnswerkeysforExercises2:makeatelephonecallmakeadecisionmakeaplanmakeaspeechmakeacontributionmakeanoisemakeachangemakeadescription\nTranslatethefollowingphrases,andtrytofindoutwhattheitemsrelateto.一片碎玻璃开水一枚用过的邮票一箱埋起来的硬币穿破的鞋子一台损坏了的计算机结论：以上的短语都带有过去分词，这些过去分词都是充当定语，而且我们都可以用过去分词作表语的形式来改写以上短语。abrokenpieceofglassboiledwaterausedstampaburiedboxofcoinsadamagedcomputerworn—outshoes\nCompletethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.PastParticiplePastParticipleastheAttributeasthepredicativeterrifiedpeople1.reservedseats2.pollutedwater3.acrowdedroom4.apleasedwinner5.peoplewhoareterrifiedseatswhicharereservedwaterthatispollutedaroomthatiscrowdedawinnerwhoispleased\nPastParticiplePastParticipleasthePredicativeastheAttribute1.childrenwho1.lookastonished2.avasethatisbroken2.3.adoorthatisclosed3.4.theaudiencewhofeeltired4.5.ananimalthatistrapped5.astonishedchildrenabrokenvaseacloseddoorthetiredaudienceatrappedanimal\nStudentstrytofindsomerulesaboutthePastParticipleastheAttributeandPredicative.Discovery(2m)\nGrammar一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。eg：alostanimal一只迷路的动物ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票aninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指abrokencoin一枚破损的硬币alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。e.g.：spokenEnglish英语口语writtenexercises书面练习\n少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳theadvancedcountries发达国家drunkenman一个醉鬼areturnedstudent一名留学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯by-gonedays过去的岁月\n2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。e.g.：HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!我多懊悔在树林浪费的时光啊Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．我喜欢穿这种布料做的衣服。e.g.：ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．鲁迅写的书很受欢迎We’11gotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．我们要去看那座建于几百年前的桥。\nPractice:ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1）Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong___________________________tohim.whichhadbeendone注：本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。\n2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry______________________.whichhasdeveloped注：本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge______________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。\n二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。e.g.：Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。Youseemfrightened.你似乎受了惊吓。\n2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。e.g.：Thisshopisnowclosed．这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)Thisshopisclosedat6pmeveryday．这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）\nPractice:Completethesentencesusingthepastparticipleasthepredicative.1.丢了钱他自责不已。He______________aboutlosingthemoney.2、你为什么总是看上很疲劳？这些日子睡得好吗？Whydoyoualways_______________?Doyousleepwellthesedays?3.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。I_____________________thefilmIsawlastnight,Ihadexpectedittobebetter.gotblamedlooksotiredwasdisappointedwith\n4.听说那位明星死了，人人都很惊讶。Everybody____________tohearthedeathofthefamousfilmstar．5.要去动物园了，孩子们非常兴奋。Thechildren______________________goingtothezoo．6.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒.Hiswound___________________anewvirus．wasshockedarereallyexcitedaboutbecameinfectedwith\nLindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,______as3M.A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown高考链接B解析：答案B。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，3M与know之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动。\n2.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded高考链接A解析：答案A。此处考查过去分词作后置定语，disc与record之间是被动关系，故用过去分词表示。\n3.Don’tusewords,expressions,orphrases_______onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known高考链接D解析：答案D。know与words，expressions，phrases构成动宾关系，故用过去分词表示被动。\n4.Theflowers_______sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt高考链接B解析：答案B。此处为现在分词作定语，修饰flowers。smell为系动词，不能用于被动语态，相当于which/thatsmellssweet。\nUnit1GreatscientistsPeriod4ReadingII\nThetopicofthevideoisabout_____________________.Doyouknowanyfamouspersoninthisfield?spaceanduniverse\nStephenhawkingPtolemyCopernicusZhangHengHubbleGalileo\nSkimthetextanddrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniversewiththefollowingpictures.SunearthBeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theoryReading-I----skimming(2m)\nSunearthBeforeCopernicus’theoryShowingCopernicus’theorySunearthearthSunSkimthetextanddrawthetwotheoriesoftheuniversewiththefollowingpictures.Reading-I----skimming(2m)\nReadthetextandanswerthefollowingquestion.WhatconclusiondidCopernicus’mathematicalcalculationsleadto?Whycouldn’thetellanyoneaboutthetheory?HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?Doyouthinkit’srightforCopernicustopublishhistheorythatlate?Reading-II----detailedreading(2m)\nHismathematicalcalculationsledtotheconclusion:thattheearthwasnotthecenterofthesolarsystem.WhatconclusiondidCopernicus’mathematicalcalculationsleadto?\nBecausethepowerfulChristianChurchwouldhavepunishedhimforevensuggestingsuchanidea.2.Whycouldn’thetellanyoneaboutthetheory?\n4years.3.HowmanyyearsdidCopernicusworkontheproblemtocompletehistheory?\nHepublishedhistheoryashelaydyingin1543.4.WhendidCopernicuspublishhistheory?\nStudentsgivetheirownanswers.5.Doyouthinkit’srightforCopernicustopublishhistheorythatlate?\nTryyourbesttogooverthewholepointsofeachpicturewithoutliftingyourpencilfromthepaperorgoingoveranylinetwice.AADDBBCCPre-reading----game(2m)\nLanguagepointsforreadingII\n1.JohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon---sofamous,indeedthatheattendedQueenVictoriatoeasethebirthofherbabies.约翰.斯诺曾经是一位著名的医生----他的确太富盛名了,以至于维多利亚女王生孩子时都是他去照料,帮助她顺利分娩.attendv.(1)totakecare;giveattention注意,留意.如:We’llattendtothesolutionofthatproblemlater.LanguagepointsforreadingI\n(2)totakegoodcareof(asickperson,forexample)照看,照料.如:医生照看病人.Thedoctorattendedthepatients.(3)tobepresentat出席,到场.如:attendschool上学attendalecture听讲座attendchurch去教堂attend(at)awedding出席婚礼\n2.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.exposedtocholera在句子中是过去分词用作后置定语,表示被动.意为“患霍乱的”.如:ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverypopular.鲁迅写的书是很受欢迎的.昨天我们看见的那个人是史密斯先生.ThemanseenbyusyesterdayisProfessorSmith.\n发散思维：exposedadj.暴露的，暴露于风雨中的，无掩蔽的exposednessn.暴露，显露开放思维:exposeto使易受，使受exposesthtothelightofday把某事暴露于光天化日之下exposeafraud揭穿骗局\n3.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.everytime在这里是连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”e.g.EverytimeImeethim,Ialwaysthinkofthethingshappenedbetweenus.每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。\n注意:immediately,themoment,directly,instantly等与everytime一样，都可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一…..就”。如：IwillgivethelettertohimimmediatelyIseehim.我一见到他就把这封信给他。IcamedirectlyIgotyourletter.我一接到你的信就来了。\n4.Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.absorb…..into吸收如：e.g.Thebigcompanyhasgraduallyabsorbedthesesmallcompaniesintoitsownorganization.这家大公司逐渐将这些小的公司吞并了。\nabsorbv.(1)吸收（液体）；承受；承担.如:(2)tooccupythefullattention,interest,ortimeof;engross吸引；使专心；使全神贯注如:我们不能承担这些费用。作家全神贯注的进行写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰.Thewriterwassoabsorbedinhiswritingthatheforgottoflicktheashesfromhiscigar.We’llnotabsorbthesecharges.\n他发现在两条街道上霍乱流行的特别厉害，在十天之内就死去了五百多人。5.Hefoundthatintwoparticularstreets,thecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplehaddiedin10days.\nseverev.(1)unsparingorharsh,asintreatmentofothers;strict严厉的；苛刻的；严格的.如:Theseveretrainerhasgoneabroad.Youcanbreathefreelyagain.(2)causingsharpdiscomfortordistress;extremelyviolentorintense;veryserious.剧痛的，剧烈的，严重的，难熬的如:asevereattackoftoothache.要求苛严的教官已经出国.你可以完全放心。牙痛的剧烈发作。\n这张地图提供了一条说明霍乱起因的很有价值的线索。6.Themapgaveavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthedisease.valuable(1)adj.worthofalotofmoney值钱的，贵重的如：Thewatchisvaluable.这表很值钱。avaluablediamond.贵重的钻石。\n(2)adj.havinggreatusefulnessorvalue如:valuableinformation(3)n.(常用复数形式)sththatworthalotofmoney.如:Cathykepthervaluablesinasafe.重大的消息凯西把她的贵重物品藏在保险箱里.\n7.Itseemedthewaterwastoblame.看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮水了。be+动词不定式，可以表示该做或不该做的事情，相当于must,should,oughtto等。如：Nooneistoleavethisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthepolice.没有警察的允许谁也不准离开这栋楼。Youarenottodroplitterinthepark.公园里不允许乱丢纸屑。\n8.Next,JohnSnowlookedintothesourceofthewaterforthesetwostreets.其次，约翰.斯诺调查了这两条街的水源。lookinto看…...里面；toinvestigate检查；了解。如：We’lllookintothismattertogether.我们将一起调查这个问题。\n开放思维：lookon观看，面向，旁观，看待lookout面朝，留神，照料lookover从上面看，察看，检查lookaround环顾，观光，察看lookthrough看穿，审核，浏览，温习lookupanddown仔细打量，到处寻找lookafter寻求，照顾，关心\n9.InanotherpartofLondon,hefoundsupportingevidencefromtwootherdeathsthatwerelinkedtotheBroadStreetoutbreak.在伦敦的另一个地方，他发现有两个死亡的病例与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联。inadditionadv.aswellas另外如：Inaddition,thecoursealsoproducespracticalexperience.此外这门功课还提供了实践的基础。\nlink…to...把…与…连接；联系如：Fingerprintslinkedthesuspecttothecrime.指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。belinkedto连接如：Thetwotownsarelinkedbyarailway.\n10.WiththisextraevidenceJohnSnowwasabletoannouncewithcertaintythatpollutedwatercarriedthedisease.announcev.tomakeknownpublicly如：Thecaptainannouncedthattheplanewasgoingtoland.有了这个证据，约翰.斯诺就能够肯定的宣布，这种被污染的水携带病毒。机长宣布飞机就要着陆了。\n1.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。onlyif只有；只要。当以only引导的短语或状语从句放于句首时，为了加强语气，句子需要倒装。1)Onlyifateacherpagepermissionisastudentallowedtoentertheroom.2)Onlybyshoutingandwavinghishandscouldhebenoticed.LanguagepointsforreadingII\nmakesense讲得通；有道理1)看这里，读这个句子，好像一点也讲不通。Here,readthesentence.Itdoesn’tseemtomakesense.2)你编的故事我听不明白。Yourstorydoesn’tmakesensetome.\n2.Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。withtheplanetsgoingroundit是with+宾语+宾语补足语的结构，在句中作状语。这一结构在句中常作定语或状语，作宾补的可以是介词短语、过去分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式等。现将其基本形式归纳如下：\nWith+n./pron.+介词短语Hesattherewithasmileonhisface.(2)With+n./pron.+副词WithMrSmithaway,we’vegotmoreroom.(3)With+n./pron.+不定式Withsomuchworktodo,hecouldnotgohome.(4)With+n./pron.+现在分词Thestreetwasquietwithnobusesrunning.(5)With+n./pron.+过去分词Incameamanwithhishandstiedback.(6)With+n./pron.+形容词Hewroteashirt,withtheneckopen,showinghisbarechest.\nGood-bye!