高中英语 选修七 3.1《Unit 3　Grammar》课件 62页

新课标人教版课件系列《高中英语》选修(模块）7-3.1\nUnderthesea\n一:V-ing形式由“do＋ing”构成，其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。GrammarV-ing形式\n语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式完成式(not)doing(not)beingdone(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone\n二:V-ing可作主语、宾语、表语;定语、状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。V-ing形式表示的动作与主要动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式;V-ing形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。\nV-ing的用法：(1)作主语Swimmingisgoodforhealth.游泳对健康有益。Raisingyourhattoaladyisgoodmanners.对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。\n(2)作表语Teachingislearning.教学相长。Myhobbyismakingmodelplanes.我的嗜好是做模型飞机。\n注意：1.V-ing形式和不定式都可表示比较抽象的一般性的行为；而表示具体的某次动作，尤其是将来的动作时，多用不定式。Toobey/Obeyingthelawiseveryone’sduty.\n2.V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是V-ing形式时，表语也用V-ing形式。Toseeistobelieve.Seeingisbelieving.\n3.V-ing形式与现在分词作表语的区别:V-ing形式作表语相当于名词，主语和表语的位置可以调换；现在分词作表语相当于形容词，不可与主语调换位置。Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Myjobisinteresting.\n4.在“It’snouse/good…”等it作形式主语的结构中，用V-ing不用不定式作主语。Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。\n(3)作宾语V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。Wewouldappreciatehearingfromyou．我们会珍惜你的来信。Thechildwassavedfromdrowningbythelifeguard.小孩子被救生员救起，免于淹死。\n注意：1)在avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,can’thelp等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。\nHeescapedbeinghurtintheaccident.他逃过了在车祸中受伤。2)在begin,continue,start,attempt,intend,dislike,plan,fear,hate,like,love,prefer,can’tstand可接V+ing或不定式作宾语，意义无多大区别。\nEveryonehateswaiting/towaitforabus.每个人都讨厌等车。Thetrafficcontinuedmoving/tomoveslowly.车辆依然移动得很缓慢。\n3)在remember,forget,regret等动词后接V-ing或不定式作宾语时意义不同。后接V-ing形式作宾语表示宾语已经发生的动作，接不定式作宾语表示尚未发生的动作。另有：trydoing…试着干trytodo…企图干beworthdoing值得做Thisbookisworthreading.这本书值得看。\nmeantodo…打算…meandoing…意味着…stopdoing…停止干…stoptodo…停下来去做…goondoing…继续干…（无间断,同一件事）goontodo…继续干…（有间断,另一件事）\nIwillremembertomailtheletter.我会记住寄信。Iwillremembermailingtheletter.我记得已把信寄出。\nIdon’tmeantocheathim.我不想骗他。InsomepartsofLondon,missingabusmeanswaitingforanotherhour.在伦敦的某些地方，错过一辆公共汽车意味着再等一个小时。\n4)当want,need,require作“需要”解,beworth作“值得”解时，后接V-ing的主动形式作宾语，表示被动意义,want,need,require也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。Hiscarwantsrepairing(toberepaired).他的汽车需要修理。\n5)allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时，要用V-ing形式；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟宾语补足语（即构成复合宾语），其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。Idon’tallowhisswimminghere.Idon’tallowhimtoswimhere.我不允许他在此地游泳。\n6)I’dlike/love/prefer后只接不定式作宾语。Iwouldliketohaveasingleroomwithabath.我想要有浴室的单人房。LittleJimwouldlovetobetakentothetheatrethisevening.小吉姆今晚愿被带到戏院去看戏。\n巩固练习：1.IcanhardlyimaginePeter____acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sailB.tosailC.sailingD.tohavesailedC\n2.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot_____A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoffC\n3.Iwouldappreciate____backthisafternoon.A.youtocallB.youcallC.yourcallingD.you’recallingC\n4.Howaboutthetwoofus____awalkdownthegarden?A.TotakeB.takeC.takingD.tobetakingC\n5.—Imustapologizefor____aheadoftime.—That’allright.A.lettingyounotknowB.notlettingyouknowC.lettingyouknownotD.lettingnotyouknowB\n6.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.—Well,nowIregret____that.A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdoneD\n7.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalledD\n8.Doyoumind___aloneathome?A.JaneleavingB.JanehavingleftC.Jane’sbeingleftD.JanetobeleftC\n9.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto___theflower-linedgarden.A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkinginD\n10.Onceyourbusinessbecomesinternational,___constantlywillbepartofyourlife.A.youflyB.yourflightC.flightD.flyingD\n11.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.A.topersuadeB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuadedC\n12.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset?—___hernewbicycle.A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingC\n13.—Letmetellyousomethingaboutthejournalists.—Don’tyouremember___thestoryyesterday?A.toldB.tellingC.totellD.tohavetoldB\n14.Onelearnsalanguagebymakingmistakesand___them.A.correctB.correctingC.correctsD.tocorrectB\n15.Fishingishisfavoritehobby,and____.A.he’dliketocollectcoinaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoins,tooC.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasureD\n(4)作宾语补足语V-ing作宾补表明宾语正在进行的动作。可以带V-ing作宾补的动词有：find,see,hear,watch,have,get,catch,keep,leave等。如：WhenIcamein,Ifoundhimlyinginbed.我进来时发现他正躺在床上。\nListen!Canyouhearababycryinginthenextdoor?听！你听到隔壁有婴儿在哭吗？\n(5)作定语1.V-ing作定语时表示该动作正在进行。单个V-ing作定语通常放在被修饰词的前面,V-ing短语作定语则放在被修饰词之后。如：Therisingsunlooksverybeautiful.冉冉升起的太阳看上去很美。\nThegirlwearingglassescametothisschoolatthebeginningofthisterm.那个戴眼镜的女孩是本学期初来这所学校的。\n2.若被修饰词是V-ing的逻辑宾语时,须用V-ing的被动式beingdone作定语（因beingbroadcast是分词短语，故放在它所修饰的名词之后）。Thesongbeingbroadcastisverypopularwiththeyoungstudents.正在播放的歌深受青年学生的欢迎。\nThebridgebeingbuiltwillbecompletednextyear.正在建造的桥将于明年竣工。3.V-ing与动名词作定语的区别：V-ing作定语时表示动作正在发生，而动名词则表用途。如：\nLetthesleepingdogslie.别招惹麻烦。(表示动作，相当于定语从句whicharesleeping，当一个分词作定语时，放在它所修饰的名词之前)。Ithinksomesleepingpillsmayhelpyou.我想安眠药可以助你入睡。(动名词，表示用途，相当于pillsforsleeping)\n(6)作状语V-ing作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、方式伴随、让步、结果等。1.作时间状语①动词表示的动作一发生，谓语表示的动作立即发生(V-ing短语多置于句首)。\n②两个动作同时发生时，V-ing前多用while或when，如：Whilewalkingdownthemountain,hemetTomontheway.他下山时，在路上碰见了汤姆。Whiletryingtoopenthedoor,Icutmyhand.在设法开门时，我把手割破了。\n2.作条件状语（一般在句首）Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.向右转弯，你就可以找到一条通到他的别墅的小路。\n3.作原因状语（多放在句首）Beingsoill,shecan’tgobacktoworkyet.由于病得厉害，她还不能上班。NotbeingabletounderstandEnglish,hedidn’tknowwhattheywanted.因为他不懂得英语，所以他不知道他们要什么。\n4.作方式或伴随情况状语Hewalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.他从小山走下来，一路哼着曲儿。FollowingMike,theystartedtoclimb.跟在迈克后面，他们开始攀登。\n5.作让步状语（通常放在句首）Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn’ttriedherbest.尽管承认她所说的话，但我仍然认为她没有尽最大努力。\n6.作结果状语（通常放在句末）。Heturnedoffthelight,seeingnothing.他熄了灯，所以什么也看不见了。Herhusbanddiedsuddenly,leavingherwithfivechildren.她丈夫突然故去，给她留下了五个孩子。\n7.作结果状语Havingfinishedherwork,shewenthome.她干完工作后就回家了。Havinginvitedhimheretospeak,we’dbettergotohislecture.既然我们已邀请了他来做报告，我们最好去听。\n8.在绝大数情况下，逻辑主语就是该句子的主语，但有时我们也可以用另外一个名词作主语，这种两个主语不一致的结构称为独立主格结构。Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.会议结束后，我们都离开房间开车走了。\nItbeingaholiday,alltheshopswereshut.由于今天是假日，所有商店都关门了。Theheavyfrostcomingon,deadleaveslaythickontheground.浓霜降临，枝叶满地。\n9.有少数并不表示句子主语的动作，而是表示说话人的态度（固定表达方式）。Generallyspeaking,thenovelisnotveryinspiring.总的来说，这部小说并不感人。Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.从你说的情况看,他应能成功。\n巩固练习:1.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,___alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingB\n2.“Can’tyouread?”shesaidangrily,___tothenotice.A.pointedB.andpointingC.pointingD.topoint3.Themissingboywaslastseen__neartheriver.A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplayAC\n4.___yourhomework,youmustn’tlistentomusic.A.WhendoB.WhentodoC.WhendoingD.WhenyoudoingC\n5.Thevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,___thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.A.havingaddedB.toaddC.addingD.addedC\n6.___theidiom,helookeditupinthedictionary.A.NotlearningB.NeverhavinglearnedC.HavingnotlearnedD.HavingneverlearnedB\n7.Itrainedheavily,__severefloodinginthecountry.A.causingB.tocauseC.causedD.havingcaused8.Anydriver___alicenseoughttobepunished.A.doesn’thaveB.havingnotC.hasnotD.nothavingAD\nFinishalloftheGrammarexercisesontheworkbook.Homework