高中英语 定语从句语法讲解课件 新人教版 (1) 28页

TheAttributiveClause定语从句富源六中宁益庆\n1.定义：2.先行词：3.关系代词、关系副词：在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的词关系代词：关系副词：Who,whom,whose,which,that等When,where,why等\n关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用2、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用Eg:1.Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.2.Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.3.Bill,whowashereyesterday,askedmealotofquestions.\n关系代词的用法指代所作成分是否可省略ThatWhichWhoWhomwhose人；物物人人人、物主语；宾语主语；宾语主语；宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省\n关系副词的用法指代所作成分是否可省略WhenWherewhy时间状语否地点状语否原因状语否\n判断下列引导词在句中的用法Eg:1.Heissuchamanwhonevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworkerwhom/whoweshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabookwhichoftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.ThisisthefilmwhichIlikebest.5.Theboywhosefatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.指代、所作成分、是否可省略\n6.Thehousewhoseroofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.7.Itwas11o’clockwhentheaccidenthappenedlastnight.8.ThisisthevillagewhereIwasbroughtup.\n关系代词which和that的区别：A.关系代词必须用that的情形：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.Thefirstmanarrivedattheclasswasourheadteacher.ThisistheonlyticketthatIgotyesterday.ThisistheverybookthatI’mlookingfor.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Allthatyouhavetodoistopressthebutton.Thereisnotimethatwecanwaste.Thecaranditsdriverthatknockeddowntheoldladyhavebeentakentothepolicestation.\nSummarize:只能用that引导定语从句的几种情况1)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时。2）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时。3)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等.4）先行词被all,any,every,each,few,little,no,some等修饰。5）先行词既有人又有物时。\nB.指物时，作介词的宾语，关系代词只能用whichThisisthequestionaboutwhichwe’vehadsomuchdiscussion.\nPractice:1.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.A.whatB.that  C.which  D.where2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_______shecouldturnforhelp.(1992)A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom3.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.(1993上海)A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhichBDA\nCorrectthefollowingsentences:1.ThisisthebestfilmwhichIhaveseen.2.That’sallwhichwanttosay.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.That’sallthatIwanttosay.\n3.Isthereanythingwhichyouwantinthisshop?4.Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbookswhich/whowereunknowntousall.5.Theroominthatshelivesisalargeone.Isthereanythingthatyouwantinthisshop?Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.Theroominwhichshelivesisalargeone.\n关系副词when,where,why的用法1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhenwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.Thisisthefactoryinwhichmyfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhewaslate.\nSummarize:在定语从句中关系副词都等于一个适当的介词加上which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/…+which;Where=in/at/on/…+which;Why=for/…+which\nas引导的非限制性定语从句(1)ThisisthesamepenasIlost.ThisisthesamepenthatIlost.Pleasecompare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。\nas引导的非限制性定语从句Theearthisround._____isknowntoall.Theearthisround,_____isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround______isknowntoallthattheearthisround.Itwhich/asAsItas具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：asyouknow/asyousee/asweplanned/asweexpected定语从句在句首时只能用as,\nas引导的限制性定语从句(2)Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllike.Thisissointerestingabook_____wealllike.Thisissuchaninterestingbook____wealllikeit.Thisissointerestingabook____wealllikeit.asthatPleasecompletethefollowingsentencesandcompare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)\n介词+关系代词的情况1Themanwhomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitywhichshelivesisfaraway.toin\n介词+关系代词的情况2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinArethesetwosentencesright?\n介词+关系代词的情况3Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascientist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toin××Arethesetwosentencesright?可见,who、that不能用与介词之后\n介词+关系代词的情况4Isthisthewatchthatyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗?\n1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2. Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4. Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5. Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词+关系代词的情况练习onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich\n6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7. Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_______peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most______hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich\n1.当先行词是不定代词时,如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等只能用that做关系代词的情况2.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,little,few,no,any等修饰时3.当人和物合做先行词时4.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时5.在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中\nPractice:1.----IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.(1999)---Isthatthereason_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where2.I’mgoingtovisittheschool_________mymothertaughtphysicstenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what3.Doyoustillremembertheday___________IfirstcametoBeijing?A.whichB.thatC.whenD.whereAAC\n关系副词when,where和关系代词that,which的区分同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。请比较以下句子：Thisistheparkthatwevisitedlastyear.(从句意思不完整需要加宾语)Thisistheparkwhereweheldabirthdayparty.（从句完整，只需加上特定的关系副词）That’sthedatethatshewon’tforgetforever.That’sthedatewhenwewenttothecollege.Ilikethetimethatwehadtogether.Ilikethetimewhenwelivedtogether.\n限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句定义：限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的修饰成分，否则主句的意思不完整或不成立。非限制性定语从句只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明，去掉之后主句的意思照样完整。Comparethefollowingsentences:Amanwhodoesnottrytolearnfromotherscan’tachievemuch.There’remanyplays(that)I’dliketosee.ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowasjusthere.