高中定语从句教案 7页

定语从句对比法导入：1.Theblackbagisbeautiful.2.Thebagwhichyouboughtyesterdayisbeautiful.不同：第一个形容词作定语，第二个句子作定语。我有一只苹果。那只苹果是红色的。我有一只红色的苹果。（除了用Ihavearedapple.还可以用一个定语从句来表达）Ihaveanapple.Theappleisred.Ihaveanapplethat/whichisred.Ilikesomefriends.Somefriendlikesports.(用定语从句合并成为一个复合句)The magazine is mine. He has taken it away. (同上) The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.  如何合并两个简单句成为一个定语从句？找错误：(结论：先行词不能出现在定语从句中)1.Theboywhom/thatwesawtheboyyesterdayismybrother.2.Thecarwhich/thatmyunclehadjustboughtitwasdestroyedintheearthquake.定语从句:在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句。这种从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，并作句子成分。关系代词：引导定语从句的代词，在句子中充当名词作用，有：Who,whom,which,that,whose,as\n关系副词：引导定语从句的副词，在句子中充当副词的作用。有：when,where和why限制性定语从句(识别性从句)：对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，与主句的关系十分密切。Doyouknowthewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoor?非限制性定语从句（补充性从句）：对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that和why(可以用for+which)引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。E.g.Lastnight,Isawaverygoodfilm,whichwasabouttheLongMarch.关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?Whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that\nMr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.___isknowntoall,theearthisroundAs做宾语一般不省略as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，而which引导定语从句不能放在句首.as译为正如，好像。，which则没有此义。定语从句在句首时只能用as,关系副词Iwillneverforgettheday(when)/thatwemetthere.When=onwhichThisisthehousewhereIwasborn..Where=inwhichIcan’timaginethereason(why)/forwhich/thatheturneddownmyoffer.Why=forwhich讨论：讨论关系代词与关系副词在以下定语从句中的不同作用。1.Doyouknowthewomanwho/thatlivesnextdoor?2.ThewomanwhomIwanttovisitwasnotinthecompany.3.Whathappenedtothemoneythat/whichyouarelookingfor?\n1.Pleasepassmethemagazinewhosecoverisyellow.2.IshallneverforgetthedaywhenIboughtIboughtmycomputer.3.Peoplewouldliketoliveinthecountrywherethereisplentyofsunshineandfreshair.4.ThereasonwhyIamphoningyouistoinviteyoutomybirthdayparty.考点一:如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词方法一、找出定语从句中是否主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词。Pleasegivemethereason____youmadesuchagreatsuccess.Thereason___shegavewasnottrue.方法2、确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物动词，如是，用关系代词，如不是，用关系副词。（常用常考）Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse___thegreatwriterusedtolive.Thehouse______(theybuiltin1987)stayedupintheearthquake方法3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。October1stistheday________newChinawasfounded.考点二：that/which代物时用that的情况看例子，找规律：1）Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.1．先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。2）Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。3）Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.3.先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none，any,\nfew,little,no,all,much,等代词时。4）Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.先行词前面有theonly,thevery,every等修饰时。5）Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时，为避免重复，用that,不用which.6）Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时1.Godhelpthosewhohelpthemselves.天助自助者。2.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.笑到最后的人才是英雄。3.Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.不到长城非好汉。4.Hewhoiscontent(满足)isalwayshappy.知足者常乐。1.能力提高：1.I’musingthepenwhichheboughtityesterday.2.ThemanwhomIspokeisfromCanada.3.July1,1999isthedaywhenwe’llneverforget.4.I’mgoingtoworkinthehospitalwhereneedsme.5.Thosethathaven’tbeentotheWestLakewillgatherattheschoolgate.6.ThisisthelasttimewhenI’vegivenyoulessons.7.Thereasonwhichheexplaineditsoundsreasonable.8.MissChenistheonlyoneofthefewteacherswhogiveuswonderfulEnglishlessonsinourschool.填入who,whom,whose,which,where或why,完成下面的广告\nThetownofKeswick,whichliesattheheartoftheLakeDistrict,istheperfectplaceforaholiday,andtheDerwenthotel,_____overlooksthetown,istheperfectplacetostay.RobinandWendy,______boughtthissmallhotel3yearsago,havealreadywonanexcellentreputation.Robin,______cookingisoneofthereasons____theDerwentissopopular,wasonceYoungChefoftheYear.Thecomfortoftheguests,______theownertreatalmostasmembersofthefamily,alwayscomesfirst.PeterUstinov,_____oncestayedatthehotel,describeditas“marvelous”.AndtheLakeDistrict,______hassomuchwonderfulsceneryand____thepoetWordsworthlived,willnotdisappointyou.31.Thereason______hedidn'tcomewas______hewasill.A.why;thatB.that;whyC.forthat;hatD.forwhich;what32.Heisworkinghard,______willmakehimpassthefinalexam.A.thatB.whichC.forwhichD.who48.Johngotbeateninthegame,_______hadbeenexpected.A.asB.thatC.whatD.who49.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,_______writeswell.\nA.noneofthemB.neitherofthemC.neitherofwhichD.noneofwhich19.Idon'tlike______asyouread.A.thenovelsB.thesuchnovelsC.suchnovelsD.samenovels14.I'minterestedin______youhavesaid.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatD.which24.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat