高中定语从句教案 4页

关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where等。关系代词部分：who指人在从句中做主语　　(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.在踢足球的男孩们是一班的.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.昨天，我帮助了一个迷路的老人　　whom指人　　在定语从句中充当宾语，常省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，基本可以通用。区别是who可以做主语而whom不可以，whom前可以加介词如towhom，但是who不可以）(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedwithonthebus.(2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy(whom)Iwanttosee.　　(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.which指物　　在定语从句中做主语，表语，定语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。在非限制性定语从句中有“，”即可用which　　(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的游戏.　(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.这是他昨天刚买的钢笔.　　whose通常指人也可指物　　在定语从句中做定语，表所有。　　(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.　　(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时通常以以下结构来代替　(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.　　(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.　　(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?　　(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?That指人时相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。　　在定语从句中做主语,表语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。　　(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?That与which的区别1）不用that的情况　　a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。　　　Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.　　b)介词后不能用。　　　　Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.　　　　Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况　　a)　在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。　　b)　在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。例：Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.　　c)　先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。　例：Theonlythingthatthestudentscandoisstudyinghard　　d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.例：ThisisthefirstAmericanfilmthatI'veeverseen\ne)先行词既有人，又有物时。　关系副词部分：when指时间　　在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用　　(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.　　(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.注意：表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。　　例：1.BythetimewhenyouarrivedinLondon,wehadstayedtherefortwoweeks.　　2.Istillrememberthefirsttime（when）Imether.　3.Eachtimewhenhegoestobusinesstrip,hebringsalotoflivingnecessities,suchastowels,soap,toothbrushetc.Where指地点　　在定语从句中做地点状语　　(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.　　(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因　　在定语从句中做原因状语　　(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.　　(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.区分定语从句和同位语从句　　1、定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；　　同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系　　(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句　　(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位语从句　　2、定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；　　同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；　　句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导，充当成分　　(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.　　(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.　　(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语　　(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.　　3、同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以发展成一个完整的句子，　　(1)Theideathatwecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.同位语　　(2)Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.　　(3)Thefactthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.　　(4)Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundtheearth.\n总体做题采用还原法:即把先行词还原到定语从句里边,看一下做什么成分、、指人、物;做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破,具体说:1.根据句子结构划出定语从句(划完后必须是两个独立的句子)。2.根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。⑴如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语,则选关系代词。⑵如果先行词在定语从句中做状语,则用关系副词。3.根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。1.TheEnglishplay__________mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich2.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,__________,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.which3.Ifashophaschairs__________womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where4.Women_______drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose________don't.A.who;不填B.不填;whoC.who;whoD.不填;不填5.TheBeatles,________manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.A.whatB.thatC.howD.as6.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,____theylearnsimplegamesandsongs.A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where7.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,____theeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.A.whenB.duringwhichC.sincethenD.sincewhen8.TheScienceMuseum,________wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon'stouristattractions.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where9.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,______sheboughtamonthago.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which10.Bynineo'clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_______appearedararerainbowsoon.Lesson1APumaatlarge逃遁的美洲狮Pumasarelarge,cat-likeanimalswhicharefoundinAmerica.WhenreportscameintoLondonZoothatawildpumahadbeenspottedforty-fivemilessouthofLondon,theywerenottakenseriously.However,astheevidencebegantoaccumulate,expertsfromtheZoofeltobligedtoinvestigate,forthedescriptionsgivenbypeoplewhoclaimedtohaveseenthepumawereextraordinarilysimilar.Thehuntforthepumabeganinasmallvillagewhereawomanpickingblackberriessaw'alargecat'onlyfiveyardsawayfromher.Itimmediatelyranawaywhenshesawit,andexpertsconfirmedthatapumawillnotattackahumanbeingunlessitiscornered.Thesearchproveddifficult,forthepumawasoftenobservedatoneplaceinthemorningandatanotherplacetwentymilesawayintheevening.Whereveritwent,itleftbehinditatrailofdeaddeerandsmallanimalslikerabbits.Pawprintswereseeninanumberofplacesandpumafurwasfoundclingingtobushes.Severalpeoplecomplainedof"cat-likenoises'atnightandabusinessmanonafishingtripsawthepumaupatree.Theexpertswerenowfullyconvincedthattheanimalwasapuma,butwherehaditcomefrom?Asnopumashadbeenreportedmissingfromanyzoointhecountry,thisone\nmusthavebeeninthepossessionofaprivatecollectorandsomehowmanagedtoescape.Thehuntwentonforseveralweeks,butthepumawasnotcaught.Itisdisturbingtothinkthatadangerouswildanimalisstillatlargeinthequietcountryside.Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语puman.美洲狮spotv.看出，发现evidencen.证据accumulatev.积累，积聚obligev.使……感到必须huntn.追猎；寻找blackberryn.黑莓humanbeing人类cornerv.使走投无路，使陷入困境trailn.一串，一系列printn.印痕clingv.粘convincev.使……信服somehowadv.不知怎么搞地，不知什么原因disturbv.令人不安