高中宾语从句上课教案 9页

宾语从句宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。构成：关联词+简单彳U。关联词(一)、从属连词连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whcthcrothat引导表示陈述句的宾语从句，if和whether,whether...ornot引导表示"是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。Hetoldme(that)hewouldgotocollegethenextyear・他告诉我他明年上大学。Idon'tknowiftherewillbeabusanymore・我不矢口道是否还会有公交车。Nobodyknewwhetherhecouldpasstheexam.没有人知道他是否会通过考试。(1)、从属连词thato女口：Hetoldusthathefeltill.他对我们说他感到不舒服。Iknowhehasreturned.我知道他已经回来了。\n注：that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。1.EverybodycouldseewhathappenedandthatTomwasfrightened・（and连接两个宾语从句，that宾语从句放在and的后面吋，that不能省略。）2.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheisfromthesouth,（that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。）3.Thatheeversaidsuchathing1simplydon'tbelievc.（that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。）4.Wedecided,inviewofhisspecialcircumstances,thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationaryperiod.（主彳iji胃语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。）（2）从属连词if/whethero如:Idoubtwhetherhewillsucceed.我怀疑他是否会成功。Idon'tknowifyoucanhelpme.我不知道你能否帮助我。if与whether的区别①if和whether在作“是否”解时，引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,findout等之后，介词后一般不用if②少数动词，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常\n用whether・①whether后可以加ornot,但是if不可以.Iwonderwhetheritistrueornot.我不知它是真是假。②在不定式前只能用whether.Ican,tdecidewhethertostay.我不能决定是否留下。③用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义，应避免使用if而用whetero试比较：Pleaseletmeknowifyouwanttogo.Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.if从句可理解为宾语从句，意为“请告诉我你是否想去”；此句乂可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话，请告诉我一声”O（二）连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接代词一般指疑问，但what,whatever除了指疑问外，也可以指陈述。DoyouknowwhohaswonRedAlertgame?你知道是谁赢得了红色警戒的游戏么？ThebookwillshowyouwhatthebestCEOshouldknow.Haveyoudeterminedwhicheveryoushouldbuy,aMotorolaorNokiacellphone?Whoorwhathewas,Martinneverlearned・Iwonderwhathe'swritingtomeabout.我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。\nYoumaydowhatyouwill.你可做任何你想做的事。（三）连接副词when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.Hedidn?ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么吋候我们能再见面.Couldyoupleasetellmehowyouusethenewmachine・Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought・I’11tellyouwhyIaskedyoutocome.我会告诉你我为什么要你來。一、动词的宾语从句1.大多数及物动词都可以带宾语从句Weallexpect(that)theywillwin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger・Hetoldus(that)theywouldhelpusthroughthewholework.2•部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句Ihavefoundout(that)alltheticketsfortheconcerthavebeensoldout・Canyouworkout(that)howmuchwewillspendduringthetrip3.动词短语也可以带宾语从句常见的这些词有：\nmakesure确保makeupone'smind下决心keepinmind牢Makesurethattherearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin.3.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的吋候，则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.如：WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday・我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.IfeelitapitythatIhaventbeentotheget-together・我没去聚会，感觉非常遗憾.IhavemadeitarulethatIkeepdiaries・我每天写日记成了习惯.Weallfinditimportantthatwe(should)makeaquickdecisionaboutthismatter.我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.②有些动词带宾语从句时需要在宾语与从句前加it(双宾语)这类动词主要有：hate,take,owe,have,seeto.Ihateitwhentheysaywiththeirmouthsfulloffood.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.Hewillhaveitthatourplanisreallypractica1.他\n会认为我们的计划确实可行.Wetakeitthatyouwillagreewithus.我们认为你会同意我们的.Whenyoustarttheengine,youmustseetoitthatcarisinneutra1.开启发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.①若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替Weallconsiderwhatyousaidtobeunbelievable・我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.Wediscoveredwhatwehadlearnedtobevaluable・我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的.二、介词宾语从句Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.我们止在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.ThenewbookisabouthowShenzhou6mannedspaceshipwassentupintospace・HewasdeeplydispleasedbywhathadoccurredthatdayIwalkedovertowhereshesat.我走向她坐的地方。Iamcuriousastowhathewillsay.我很想知道他要说什么。Yoursuccesswilllargelydopenduponwhatyoudoandhowyoudoit.\n注意:(1)•作介词的宾语：连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语，只用在except,but,in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导，则需用it先行一步，作形式宾语。如:Heisagoodstudentexceptthatheiscareless・Iknownothingaboutmynewneighborexceptthatheusedtoworkwithacompany.对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一无所知.YoumayrelyonitthatIshallhelpyou.你可以指望我会帮助你的。(2)有时介词可以省略。如：Idon'tcare(for)whomarrieshim.我不管谁跟他结婚。Becareful(asto)howyoudothat.你要注意做这件事的方式。(3)•介词宾语不可以用which来引导，而要用what来引导。如:Areyousorryforwhatyou，vedone?三、形容词宾语从句某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure,glad,certain,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied等，(表示主观感受的形容词)连词that可省略。有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句，如：IamsorryIamlate・IamnotsurewhatIoughttodo.rmafraidyoudon'tunderstandwhatIsaid・rmsurprisedthatIdidn，tseeallthatbefore・\nMotherwasverypleasedherdaughterhadpassedtheexams.Areyousurehisanswerisright?HeisgladthatLiMingwenttoseehimwhenhewasill.从句使用一四注意一、时态的呼应1.如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如：Ihearsheisheretoday(shewashereyesterday/shewillbeheretomorrow・)2.如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如：HesaidhewaswatchingTV(hehadsweptthefloor/hewou1dplayfootballafterschool)o3.如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、口然现象或科学真理等，从旬不受主句时态限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound・二、引导词的使用1.当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时，用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义，一般可省略。例如：LinTaothought(that)theTVplaywasveryboring・2.当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时，要用if或whether来引导从句。例如：\nDavidaskedhismotherif/whethershelikedthedinnerlastnight.1.当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而來时，原句中的疑问词充当连接代词($0who,whose,what,which)或连接副词(如when,where,why,how),引导宾语从句。例如：Doyouknowwhatwecandoontheisland?Idon'tknowwhyJanewaslateforschoolthismorning.三、语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如：Whendidheleave?Iwanttoknow.—Iwanttoknowwhenheleft・Docstheshopcloseatsixeveryday?Doyouknow?—Doyouknowif/whethertheshopclosesatsixeveryday?四、否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think,believe,suppose等动词，且主语为第一人称时，从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如：Idon'tbelieveheishereontime,ishe?Idon'tthinkTomisthebeststudentinhisclass,ishe?