初中英语定语从句用法 4页

初中英语定语从句用法1.关系代词引导的定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词(先行词)的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句要放在先行词的后面，对先行词起修饰限定作用。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(包括它的宾格whom,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when,how,why。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。用法例句that在从句中作主语或宾语指物Ashakeisananimalthatlivesinthesea.(作主语)Themooncakethatmothercookedtastesnice.(作宾语)指人Whoisthemanthatisreadinganewspaperthere?(作主语)ThemanthatIwastalkingwithlastnightwasverytall.(作宾语)which在从句中作主语或宾语指物ThesilkwhichisproducedinSuzhousaleswell.(作主语)Thesongswhichthesingersangwereverypopular.(作宾语)“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句物或人Ihavealotofbooks,mostofwhichareinEnglish.which引导非限定性定语从句物或人Theboydidn'tstudyhard,whichmadehismotherangry.who,whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语，whose在从句中作定语指人ThestudentwhositsonmyleftisanAmerican.(作主语)Thepersonwhoyoujusttalkedtoisourheadmaster.(作宾语)Iknowthewomanwhosedaughterstudiesabroad.(作定语)注意：在从句中作介词宾语时，介词一般可在whom,which之前ThemanfromwhomIborrowedanumbrellaisafriendofmine.Thegirlwho/whomIamlookingforismysister.Theapartmentthathelivesinisveryold.\n（不可放在that和who之前），也可放在原来的位置。在含介词的固定动词词组中的介词则只能放在原来的位置上=Theapartmentinwhichhelivesisveryold.when在从句中作状语指时间Doyourememberthedaywhenhewasborn?=Doyourememberthedayonwhichhewasborn?where在从句中作状语指地点ThisistheschoolwhereIstarted3yearsago.=ThisistheschoolinwhichIstarted3yearsago.1.定语从句中关系代词只能用that的情况用法例句（1）当先行词是everything,anythingsomething,nothing,none,theone等不定代词时Ihadtoremembereverythingthattheteachertoldme.（2）先行词被序数词或thelast修饰时Hewasthefirstpersonthatgottotheschool.（3）先行词被all,no,some,any,little,much,few等修饰时Ihavedoneallthathetoldustodo.HehasnobooksthatIneed.（4）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时HeworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthatIhadseen.（5）先行词被thevery,theonly,thesame修饰时ItistheverybookthatIamlookingfor.（6）先行词同时含有人和物时Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.（7）先行词是主语的标语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语时Chinaisnolongerthecountrythatitusedtobe.\n典例透析例1-IhearthatLily’sbrotherisaworkerhere.-look,theman______iswalkingoverthereisherbrother.A.whoB.whomC.whatD.which【答案】A【解析】此题考查定语从句的关系代词。who“代替人”作主语或者宾语；whom“代替人”作宾语；what不用于宾语从句；which“代替物”作主语或者宾语。先行词为人，在从句中作主语。故选A。例2OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou______areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./【答案】D【解析】题考查定语从句的关系代词。句意为“被外国旅游者参观的最著名的地方之一是瘦西湖”。先行词是places，代替物，用关系代词that。故选C。例3Theywanttodevelopakindofdog-friendlyfood______willhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whether【答案】C【解析】此题考查定语从句。which作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，代替food。例4That'stheman______housewasdestroyedinthestorm.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which【答案】B【解析】此题考查定语从句。先行词是theman，根据后面的house可知先行词在后面从句中作定语，A、C、D三项都没有此功能，应该用whose。故选B。例5Thisisoneofthebestfilms______.\nA.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked【答案】A【解析】此题考查定语从句。本句话的先行词应该是films，前面有oneof出现，关系代词需要用that，其谓语动词应用复数的被动语态havebeenshown。