初中英语语法(人教版) 11页

.一.词汇⑴单词1.介词：in,on,under,behind,near,at,of1).in表示"在……中"，"在……"。例如：inourclass在我们班上inmybag在我的书包里inthedesk在桌子里intheclassroom在教室里2).on表示"在……上"。例如：onthewall在墙上onthedesk在桌子上ontheblackboard在黑板上3).under表示"在……下"。例如：underthetree在树下underthechair在椅子下underthebed在床下4).behind表示"在……后面"。例如：behindthedoor在门后behindthetree在树后5).near表示"在……附近"。例如：neartheteacher'sdesk在讲桌附近nearthebed在床附近6).at表示"在……处"。例如：atschool在学校athome在家atthedoor在门口7).of表示"……的"。例如：apictureofourclassroom我们教室的一幅画amapofChina一中国地图2.冠词a/an/the:冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如abook;an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如anapple.a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。Thisisacat.这是一只猫。It'sanEnglishbook.这是一本英语书。.\n.Hisfatherisaworker.他的爸爸是个工人。the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。Who'stheboyinthehat?戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？------Whatcanyouseeintheclassroom?------Icanseeabag.------Where'sthebag?------It'sonthedesk.-------你能在教室里看到什么呀？------我能看见一个书包。------书包在哪呀？------在桌子上。3.some和any①在肯定句中用some.例如：Therearesomebooksonthedesk.桌子上有一些书。Lucyhassomegoodbooks露西有一些好书。②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如：Isthereanyinkinyourpen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？Doyouhaveanybrothersandsisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？Thereisn'tanywaterintheglass.杯子里没有水。⑵记住它们的特殊用法。①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如：Wouldyouliketohavesomeapples?你想吃苹果吗？②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：Anyoneofuscandothis.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。some和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。4.familyfamily看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式is；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。Myfamilyisabigfamily.我的家庭是个大家庭。.\n.Myfamilyareallathomenow.我的家人现在都在家。Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。Hisfamilyareallworkers.他的家人都是工人。MyhomeisinBeijing.我的家在。Heisn'tathomenow.他现在不在家。It'sapictureofmyfamily.这是一我全家的照片。5.little的用法alittledog一只小狗，alittleboy一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。*但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。Thereislittletime.几乎没时间了。Thereislittlewaterinthecup.杯中水很少。⑵词组onthedesk在桌子上behindthechair在椅子后underthechair在椅子下面inherpencil-box在她的铅笔盒中nearthedoor在门附近apictureofaclassroom一个教室的图片lookatthepicture看这图片theteacher'sdesk讲桌amapofChina一中国地图familytree家谱haveaseat坐下，就坐thisway这边走二.日常用语1.Comeandmeetmyfamily.2.Goandsee.Ithinkit'sLiLei.3.Gladtomeetyou.4.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Icanseeaclock/somebooks.5.Canyouseeanorange?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't..\n.6.Where'sShenzhen?It'snearHongKong.7.Letmesee.（口语）让我想想看。see在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：8.Pleasehaveaseat.seat表示"座位"，是个名词。haveaseat表示"就坐"，也可以说takeaseat,和sitdown的意思相同。三.语法1.名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：（1）.一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如：Kate'sfatherKate的爸爸mymother'sfriend我妈妈的朋友（2）.如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如：Teachers'Day教师节Theboys'game男孩们的游戏（3）.如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如：Children'sDay儿童节Women'sDay妇女节（4）.表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：LucyandLily'sroomLucy和Lily的房间KateandJim'sfatherKate和Jim的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。amapofChina一幅中国地图thenameofhercat她的猫的名字apictureofmyfamily我的家庭的一照片thedoorofthebedroom卧室的门2.祈使句祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。.\n.（1）.祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。Goandsee.去看看。Comein,please.请进。（2）.祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。Don'tlookatyourbooks.不要看书。Don'tplayontheroad.不要在马路上玩。3.Therebe的句子结构Therebe是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思，肯定句的形式为：Therebe+名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如：Thereisaneraserandtwopensonthedesk.桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。Therearetwopensandaneraseronthedesk.桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。（1）therebe的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。否定形式为：Therebe+not+(any)+名词+地点状语。Thereisnotanycatintheroom.房间里没猫。Therearen'tanybooksonthedesk.桌子上没书。（2）therebe句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Bethere+(any)+名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn't/aren't.---Isthereadoginthepicture?画上有一只狗吗？---Yes,thereis.有。---Arethereanyboatsintheriver?河里有船吗？---No,therearen't.没有。（3）特殊疑问句：Howmany...arethere(+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用Therebe...There'sone./Therearetwo/three/some...有时直接就用数字来回答。One./Two...---Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?教室里有多少学生？---There'sonlyone./Therearenine.只有一个。/有九个。（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+地点状语？Howmuchwateristhereinthecup?杯中有多少水？.\n.Howmuchfoodisthereinthebowl?碗里有多少食物？英语语法练习题I.be动词(用be动词的正确形式填空)1.__yourgrandmotherthinorchubby(胖乎乎的)?2.Where______yourbookonsnakes?3.Where______mypencilcaseandmynotebook?4.There_____ninepeopleinmyfamily.5.---Howmuch__theexercisebookandthemagazine?----That___ninetydollars.6.Ben______amiddleschoolstudent,andhisparents_____architects.7.Scottlikesactionmoviesbest.Hisfavoriteactors______JackieChanandJetLi.8.--Whatcolor_____yourshoes?--Black.9.--Hello.Myname_____Jack.Thisismyfriend.Hisname______Tom.--Nicetomeetyou.I_______Rick.10.______youstillalibrarian?No,I_______anaccountantnow.II.用a，an，the或者\填空1)Thereis______wateronthefloor.2)Thereis___orangeon____desk.3)Whatdoyouknowabout_____pandas?4)Iwanttohave______chickenfordinner.5)Thereis_______fishinthebow.Look!Itcanswimveryfast.6)Thereis____‘m’in‘climb’andthereis____‘u’in‘country’.7)Idon’tlike____broccolibutIlike_____apples.8)Mybrotheris______engineer,andmysisteris_______executivenow.9)Idon’tlike_______movie.It’sboring.10)______Jenny’sbirthdayisNov.12th.11)--Let’sgoandplay______chess.--Sorry,I’mafraidIcan’t.It’stimeformetoplay______piano.12)Heusuallyhashis______breakfastat7:00amandgoesto______schoolat7:30.IV.写出下列名词的复数形式1)Cemetery________2)tooth_______3)country______4)month________5)sandwich_______6)brush_______7)candybar______8)kangaroo______9)man________10)day_______11)watch_______12)photo________13)orange________14)dictionary_______15)tomato_______16)dollar_________17)peach_______18)strawberry______19)church____20)child______V.用动词的正确形式填空1.You______fromIndia.Brian_____fromKorea.AndI_____fromChina.(be)2.I____ChineseandEnglish.Brian___German,ChineseandEnglish..\n.(speak)1.George________fromItalybuthe_______spaghettiverymuch..(come,like)2.Penguins____inAntarctica.It’scold,sonopeoplewant_______there.(live)3.Themovieisveryscary.I__________itisagoodmovieforkids.(think)4.--CanI_____yourdictionary?--Iamsorry.MydictionaryisathomebutIthinkMary_____one.(have)7.Weareinthemusicclub.Tom________thepiano.MichaelandDiana________theviolin.I__________theguitar.(play)8.The1stclass_____(start)at8:00o’clockandit_____(be)overat8:40.9.Hismotherisateacher.She______(teach)Chineseinourschool.10.Iusually______(come)totheclassroomat7:00am.Buthealways______(come)toschoolat7:50am.11.Juliaalways____(go)shoppingbycar.Butsometimesshe_____(take)abus.12.---______(Do)yourfatherusuallyhelpyouwithyourhomework?13.---Yes,he______(do).14.He___(notgo)homeonweekends.Sohealways____(wash)clothesbyhimself.15.Peter___(speak)Englishverywell.Hecanalso____(speak)FrenchandGerman.16.David____(notplay）football.Heonly____(watch)thefootballgamesonTV.17.MybrotherandI___(want)togotoseeanactionmovie.___(do)youwanttogo?18.Myuncle_______(notneed)acalculator.19.---________(Do)Peterhaveabaseball?---Yes,he_____(do),andhe________twobaseballbats.20.Mum,canyou______(take)metothetennisclub?21.---MayIhelpyou?---Yes,I________(look)forabookongardening.III.选择正确的介词填空inafteronforatwithtobehindofby1.Myfamilyoftenbuyclothes_____HuaXingstore_____weekends.2.Canyouhelpthechildren_____English?Youmaycome_____ourclub.3.I’mlooking_____somepresents.Theseshopsmayhavemanykinds_____things_____sale.Saveyourmoneytillthen!4.Howmanycitiesarethere______Greece?--Idon’tknow..\n.5.Look,thebirdsare_____thetree!6.Whenisherbirthday?Ican’tremember…It’s_____January.7.Mr.Greenalwaysgoestowork__bus.Hehastogetup_6o’clock_themorning.8.Comeon!I’mhungry.Whatdowehave_____dinner?9.Don’teatandread_____night.Thatisbad_____yourhealth.10.Comeandsee____yourself____Wendy’sstore!11.Welive_____London.Howaboutyou?Wheredoyoucome_____?12._____Sundaymorning,Iusuallysleeplate_____home.13.JackisshorterthanSam,butJackissitting_________Sam.14.Hereisaphoto________yourfamily.15.Therearen’tmanypeople___thetrain____fiveo’clock___themorning.VI.句型转换练习Part1：单复数转换。1.Howmuchisthat?2.Isyourunclebehindthearmchair?3.Theygototheparkbybus.4.TherearebusestoManchestereveryday.5.Akangaroocanjump30kilometersanhour.6.Herearesomegoodnewspapers.7.Theycan’twalk.8.Shedoesn’thaveanorangehat.9.Theyarearmyofficers.10.Babykoalabearsaren’tverybigbutadultpolarbearsareverystrong.Part2：将下列句子改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定两种回答。1.Ihaveadictionary.2.Therearealotofanimalsinthezoo.3.Hedoeshishomeworkatnight.4.Dogsliveinallpartsoftheworld.5.GreenfieldisasmallvillageinEngland.Part3：将下列句子改为否定句。1.ThereisaveryhighwaterfallinVenezuela.2.Egypthasaverylongriver.3.Shedoesherhomeworkeveryday.4.Icometoschoolbybus.5.Shecanswimverywell.Part4：对划线部分提问。1.Thereisoneradiointhelivingroom..\n.1.Thelibraryisbehindthepolicestation.2.Babykoalabearsareonly2centimeterstall.3.Theycanjumpandswim.4.Youcancheckoutthree5.PeterdoeshishomeworkwithMary.7.KangaroosliveinAustralia.8.VeraandHillarycomefromEngland.9.He’sbuyingbananasatthestore.10.Theyaresecretaries.Part5：综合句型练习:1.MyfriendTomusuallygoestoseeactionmoviesonweekends.(就画线部分提问)2.Tomhasaredjacketandabluesweater.(就画线部分提问)3.Mom’skeysareinthedrawer.(就画线部分提问)4.Theyellowhatis10dollars.(就画线部分提问)5.Mygrandfatherlikesdocumentaries.(改为否定句)6.Mymotherusuallygoestoseeactionmovies.(改为一般疑问句,并做否定回答)7.Isitaredtomato?(改为复数句)8.Thatismyfamilyphoto.(改为复数句)初一英语语法练习题I.be动词(用be动词的正确形式填空)1.Is2.is3.are4.are5.are;is6.is;are7.are8.are9.is,is,am10.Are;’mII.用a，an，the或者\填空1./2.an,the3.the4./5.a6.an,a7.a,an8.an,an9.the10./11./12./13.//IV.写出下列名词的复数形式1)Cemeteries2)teeth3)countries4)months5)sandwiches6)brushes7).\n.candybars8)kangaroos9)men10)days11)watches12)photos13)oranges14)dictionaries15)tomatoes16)dollars17)peaches18)strawberries19)churches20)childrenV.用动词的正确形式填空1.1.are_,is,am2.speak,speaks;3.comes,likes4.live,tolive;5.don’tthink6.borrow__has_7.isplaying,areplaying_,amplaying8.starts,is;9.teaches;10.come,comes;11.goes_takes;12Does,does_13.does’tgo,washes;14speaks,speak;15.doesn’t,play__watches;16.want,do;17.doesn’tneed_18.Does_,does____has__19.take20.amlookingIII.选择正确的介词填空1.in,at2.in,to3.at,with,on4.in5.in6.in7.by,at,in,8.for9.at,for10.by,at11.in,from12.On,at13.behind14.in15.,on,at,inVI.句型转换练习Part1：单复数转换。1.Howmucharethese?2.Areyourunclesbehindthearmchair?3.Hegoestotheparkbybus.4.ThereisabustoManchestereveryday.5.Somekangarooscanjump30kilometersanhour.6.Hereisapieceofnewspaper.7.Hecan’twalk.8.Theydon’thaveanorangehat.9.Heisanarmyofficer.10.Babykoalabearisn’tverybigbutadultpolarbearisverystrong.Part2：将下列句子改为一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定两种回答。1.Doyouhaveadictionary?Yes,Ihave.No,Idon’thave.2.Aretherealotofanimalsinthezoo?Yes,thereare.No,therearen’t.3.Dotheygototheparkbybus?Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t..\n.4.Doeshedohishomeworkatnight?Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.5.DoDogsliveinallpartsoftheworld?Yes,theydo.No,theydon’t.1.IsGreenfieldasmallvillageinEngland?Yes,itis.No,itisn’t.Part3：将下列句子改为否定句。1.Thereisn’taveryhighwaterfallinVenezuela.2.Egyptdoesn’thaveaverylongriver.3.Shedoesn’tdoherhomeworkeveryday.4.Idon’tcometoschoolbybus.5.Shecan’tswimverywell.Part4：对划线部分提问。1.Howmuchradiosinthelivingroom?2.Whereisthelibrary?3.HowlongareBabykoalabears?4.Whatcantheydo?5.WherecanIcheckout?6.WhatdoesPeterdowithMary?7.WheredoKangaroslive?8.WheredoVeraandHillarycomefrom?9.Whatishedoingatthestore?10.Whatarethey?Part5：综合句型练习:1.WhendoesyourfriendTomusuallygotoseeactionmovies?2.WhatdoesTomhave.3.WhereareMom’skeys?4.Howmuchistheyellowhat?5.Mygrandfatherdoesn’tlikedocumentaries.6.Doesyourmotherusuallygotoseeactionmovies?7.Aretheyredtomatoes.8.Theyareourfamilyphotos..