重点初中英语从句解 46页

知识要点：名词性从句包括：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连词有：A.连词：that,whether,if（这三个词都不作从句的成分，同时，that无含义，而whether和if都表“是否”）B.疑问代词：who,whom,whose,what,whichC.疑问副词：when,where,why,how（一）主语从句：在复合句中充当主语的从句。1.that引导主语从句that引导主语从句时不同于其他的连词，既无词义也不作成分，只起单纯的连接作用，且通常不可以省。为了强调that引导的主语从句而置之于句首时，that不可省。①Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscarwas obvious.②Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.③Thathewillcomeiscertain.④Thathewouldtaketheriskistrue.⑤Thatheshouldhavemarriedherisn'tsurprising.★通常，that引导主语从句时用it做形式主语，把从句置于句尾，此时that有时可省。例如：①Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.②Itmadeusveryhappythatshewaschosen.③Itiscertainthathewillcome.\n④Itistruethathewouldtaketherisk.⑤Itisn'tsurprising(that)heshouldhavemarriedher.★如果以that从句为主语的句子是疑问句，就只能用先行词it结构。例如：①Isitcertainthathewillcome?②Isittruethathewouldtaketherisk?▲it做形式主语有以下几种不同的结构：(1)It+be+形容词+that-从句①Itislikelythathewillcome.②Itisstrangethatshehasevertrustedhim.③Itisimportantthathe(should)attendthemeeting.④Itisbestthathe(should)go.此句型在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that从句中的谓语动词也常用(should)+v原形。Itisstrangethatnooneshouldhave objected totheplan.(2)It+be+名词+that-从句Itiscommonknowledgethatthewhaleisnotafish.It'sapitythatheshouldhavecatchedthetrain.(3)It+be+-ed分词+that从句Itissaidthatheisafamouswriter.Itisreportedthattherewillbeastormthisafternoon.\n▲在表示建议、要求、命令等意义的被动结构中，that从句中的谓语动词常用(should)do。（参见虚拟语气部分）Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beheldthisafternoon.Itisdemandedthathe(should)leaveatonce.(4)It+seem/happen/appear等不及物动词+that从句。（look不接that从句，它接tobe结构或形容词）Itseemsthatheiswrong.Itappearsthattheyareinurgentneedofhelp.Helooks(tobe)surprised/happy/sad.2.whether引导主语从句，意为“是否”，只起连接作用，不充当任何成分。（置于句首时必须用whether引导，置于句尾时，间或可用if。）Whetherhewillwinthegameisnotclear.Whetherhewillcomeis uncertain.Whethershecomesornotdoesn'tconcernme.Itisnotclearwhether/ifhewillcome.Itwasuncertainwhetherhewouldcome.3.连词代词what,who,which,whose等引导的主语从句。这些连接代词作用相当于代词，在从句中担当主语、宾语、表语、定语等。\nWhatweneedismoretime.Whowas responsible fortheaccidentisnotyetclear.Whosebookitisnotimportant.Whichschoolyouwanttogomattersmuch.4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的主语从句。这些连接副词相当于副词，在从句中充当状语。Whyhedidthisisnotknown.Whenhewillcomeisstillunknown.Itisnotknownwhyhedidthis.Howhesucceededisunknowntous.Whereweshouldholdthemeetingneedstobediscussed.注意：wh-引导的主语从句也常用it作形式主语。5.也可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等词引导主语从句，表示“无论什么”、“无论谁”、“无论何时”、“无论在（到）哪里”等。Whoevertoldyoutogiveupsmokingwasquiteright.Whateverhegaveyoushouldbehandedin.Whoevertoldyouthatwas lying.Whoevercomesiswelcome.\n专项训练：1.______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhoeverD.Whatever2.Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for3.Whenandwhyhecamehere______yet.A.isnotknownB.arenotknownC.hasnotknownD.havenotknown4.______isnoreasonfordismissingher.A.BecauseshewasafewminuteslateB.OwingtoafewminuteslateC.ThefactthatshewasafewminuteslateD.Beingafewminuteslate5.______Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom______.A.That…thatyouhadexpectedB.What…thatyouhadexpectedC.That…whatyouhadexpectedD.What…whatyouhadexpected6.______wegoswimmingeveryday______usalotofgood.A.If...doB.That...doC.If...doesD.That...does7.It______Bobdrivesbadly.A.thinksthatB.isthoughtwhatC.thoughtthatD.isthoughtthat\n8.It'suncertain______theexperimentisworthdoing.A.ifB.thatC.whetherD.how9.______theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.HowD.Which10.______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what(后设答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*)嘻嘻……)KEYS1.C2.B3.A4.C5.D6.D7.D8.C9.A10.A\n（二）表语从句：在复合句中充当表语。1.that在引导表语从句时无含义，不作成分，通常不省。1)表示事实、真理等的实际内容。Thefactisthatheislying.The odds arethathewillnotdoit.2）表示某人的意见、信念等的实际内容。Our belief isthatthingswillimprove.Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.2.whether引导表语从句（不可用if)。HisfirstquestionwaswhetherHolmeshadarrivedyet.Thequestioniswhetherpeoplewillbuyit.3.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which引导的表语从句。ThisiswhatIwant.Thequestioniswhocanbechosentobe manager ofthecompany.Myquestioniswhichofthemisbetter.\n4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的表语从句。Theproblemseemedhowwecouldmakehimunderstandit.Thequestioniswhereweshouldgo.5.asif,asthough引导的表语从句（常用虚拟语气）。Helooksasifhewereangry.Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.专项训练：1.Thequestionis______wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis______hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It's______youleftit.A.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis______totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget\n5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis______Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis______wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked______sheweretenyearsyounger.　A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.--Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis______.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.--Hewasbornhere.--Thatis______helikestheplacesomuch.\nA.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why(后设答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*)嘻嘻……)KEYS1.D2.B3.A4.C5.C6.A7.C8.D9.D10.C11.C12.B\n（三）宾语从句：在复合句中充当宾语。1.that引导宾语从句时无含义，不充当成分，常省略。★that不引导介词的宾语从句，至于exceptthat,inthat,savethat,butthat等是复合从属连词。Iknow(that)youhavemethim.Let'ssupposethatonedaythishappenstoyou.★在及物动词和宾语从句之间常有间接宾语（指人）。例如：Itoldhim(that)hewaswrong.★在少数动词如：think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine, calculate,fancy, reckon,besupposed,seem,appear,feelasif,lookasif,looklike等后面的从句中的否定词经常转移到主句谓语动词上，这叫否定前置/否定转移。（hope“希望”,guess“认为”后的宾语从句否定不前置。Ihopenot.“我希望不是那样的”，是Ihopeso.的否定式。Idon'thopeso.是对hope的否定：“我不希望如此”。）如：Idon'tthinkitwillbeverycoldtoday.\nIdon'tthinkyouareright.Idon'tbelievehehasfinishedhiswork.注意：①非必须否定转移。若需要强调从句的否定时就不作转移。②不可把所有可否定转移动词的否定句都理解为否定宾语从句，要根据句意或语境而定。Idon'tthinkdiplomacyisafieldforprivate enterprise.Wedidn'tthinkwe'dbethislate.③当think用在疑问句中，或主句中的谓语动词与状语连用，或主句中的谓语动词被do强调时，不能否定转移。Whydoyouthinkwecan'tchangeyournote?IdobelieveTomnevertellsalie.Theystilldidn'tbelievethatthefoodwouldcome.Ican'tbelievethattheyaremarried.④否定转移多用在主句动词为一般现在时的情况。主句动词为一般过去时、过去完成时、过去进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时，或主句动词与情态动词连用，就不能否定转移。此时若主句动词为否定，应考虑是否是对主句动词的否定。Ihadthoughtthathewouldnotcome.我已经想到了他不能来了。⑤当宾语从句中有no,never,hardly,notatall,notabit,not...enough,can'thelpdoing等时不能否定转移。IthinkIcan'thelplaughingifIseeit.Ibelievehenevertellsalie.\n▲许多带宾语补足语的句子要用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于句尾。Wethinkitwrongthathetoldalietoeveryone.Wethoughtitapitythatsheshouldhavemissedthechance.2.whether,if引导宾语从句：表示“是否”可互换，口语中常用if。Heaskedifshewouldcome.注意下列情况下whether不可用if换：1)引导主语从句置于句首时。2)whether后没有单词间隔而直接跟ornot时。Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcome.3)whether从句作介词宾语时。Theyaretalkingaboutwhetherhewillwinthegame.Everythingdependsonwhetheryouagreewithus.4)whether后接不定式时。Idon'tknowwhethertoattendthemeeting.5)动词discuss,decide的宾语从句时。\n3.连接代词what,who,whose等引导的宾语从句。Tellmewhatyouwant.Doyouknowwhowillcomeatthemeeting?注意：who,whom按照传统语法，从句中who所取代的名词如果是宾语应用宾格whom，但在口语中常用who，如：Doyouknowwhom(who)hewillinvite?①whose,which,what三个词都带有形容词性质。whose表示所有，意为“谁的”；which意为“哪一个”，what意为“什么”。如：Whosebookitisnotimportant.Pleasetellmewhichschoolyouwanttogo.Hedidn'tknowwhattimeitwas.②一般说来，which指的是在一个具体的、较明确的、有限的、较小范围；而what则指较广的或不明确的范围。如：whichfood，说话人一般指眼前的或明确范围的几种food；whatfood则指许多food，而且说话人心中没有数。Idon'tknowwhich/whatfoodyouwant.如果范围较大或者没有什么范围，最好用whatfood。4.连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。Idon'tknowwhenthemeetingwillbeheld.\nPleasetellmewhereIcanfindTom.Heexplainedtomewhyhewasabsentfromthemeeting.CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice?5.可用whatever,whoever,whomever,whenever,wherever等引导宾语从句。Pleasewritedownwhateverheissaying.Idon'tknowwhoeverwillcome.I'lldowhateveryouaskmeto.6.表示爱憎情感的动词，如：enjoy,hate,love,like,dislike,don'tmind, resent, appreciate（感激）等以及某些介词结尾的短语动词如：counton,dependon,relyon,seeto,lookforwardto,befondof,feellike,seeto等后，即使没有宾补也要先接形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。Ilikeitwhenshesmilesatme.Iloveitwhenyousing.IhateitifIamspokentoloudlyinpublic.★除了but,besides,except,in,save,beyond六个介词后跟that引导的宾语从句外，其他介词都不能。inthat是“因为”的意思，其余五个与that搭配都是“除了……”。专项训练：1、Doyouknowhowmuchhotwater______?\nA.MumisneededB.doesMumneedC.MumneedsD.didMumneed2、Canyoutellme______?A.whereheisB.whereisheC.heiswhereD.whatishe3、Ididn'tknowhow______toLondon?A.wouldtheygoB.aretheygoingC.theywouldgoD.theyaregoing4、Iwanttoknowhowlong______.A.hashebeenbackB.hashecomebackC.hehasbeenbackD.hehascomeback5、Doyouknow______?A.whatthenewsareB.whatisthenewsC.whatthenewsisD.whatarethenews6、Hesaidhewouldhelpmewithmymathsifhe______free.A.wasB.willbeC.wouldbeD.is7、Hewillwritetoyouassoonashe______toShanghai.A.getsB.isgettingC.willgetD.shallget8、Father______musicwhenhe______young\nA.liked…wasB.liked…isC.likes…wasD.likes…is9、Ilikedsports______Iwasyoung.A.somuchasB.somuchthatC.verymuchwhenD.verymuchbecause10、______mothergothome,Iwastidyingmyroom.A.AfterB.WhenC.AssoonasD.Before（后设答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*)嘻嘻……）KEYS1、C2、A3、C4、C5、C6、A7、A8、A9、C10、B知识要点：一、定语从句的概念在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。\n二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that,which,who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）3.who,whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）\nWhoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）注意：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who,that,which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。（4）关系词只能用that的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？\nc.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which。例如：IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。（5）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that。例如：What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that。例如：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that。例如：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。五、关系副词的用法\n（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。六、which和as在定语从句的非限制性定语中，which和as是容易混淆的。在很多情况下两者兼可互换，但在下列情况中不可互换：（1）通常as可以放在整句的句首，而which只能在逗号之后，as本身含有“正如”，as在定语从句中既可是主语也可做宾语。Asappearfromherpaper,shehasreadwidelyinRomantic literature.Sheis remarkable,asIhavetoldyou.（2）which在做非限制性定语从句关联词时可以无明确先行词，指前句整个的意思，如：Shehaswarriedagain,whichsurprisesus.七、allthat和what在定语从句中，许多人往往分不清allthat和what，what实际上只引导名词性从句，它相当于allthat两个字，例如：AllthatIknowisthathehasmadeuphismindtoheavethecountryfora\nnewplace.=WhatIknowisthathehas...【专项训练】1．Football______isaveryinterestinggame,isplayedallovertheworld.A．thatB．whichC．itD．who2．Isthereanythingelse______yourequire?A．whichB．thatC．whoD．what3．Thelastplace______wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A．whichB．thatC．whereD．it4．Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks______interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A．whichB．whoC．itD．that5．Therealway tunnel,through______thetraingoes,willbecompletedsoon.A．whichB．thatC．itD．whom6．Hisuncleworksinafactory______bicyclesaremade.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．there\n7．Thereisnodictionary______youcanfindeverything.A．thatB．whichC．whereD．inthat8．Nextmonth,______you’llspendinyourhometowniscoming.A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where9．Nextmonth,______you’llbeinyourhometowniscoming.A．whichB．thatC．whenD．where10．Ioftenthoughtofmychildhood,______Ilivedonafarm.A．whichB．whereC．whenD．who（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻……）KEYS1B2B3B4D5A6C7C8A9C10C\n知识要点：英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。一、倒装的类型1.完全倒装：整个谓语移至主语之前。Outrushedthestudentstowelcometheforeignfriends.2.部分倒装：只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。Seldomdoeshegotoschoollate.二、倒装结构的基本用法1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装1)疑问句中，用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序WheredidhegolastMonday?Areyoulisteningtotheradio?2)“therebe”结构中，Therearethreewellsinourvillage.Therestandsabigpapermakingfactorybytheriver.\n3)在以here,there,now,then,in,away,updown等副词开头的句子中，使用完全倒装结构。但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。Theregoesthebell.NowcomesyourturntoplayDownshewent.4)在以neithernor或nomore开头的句子中，表示“……也不这样”，neither和nor意思相同，可以替换使用；nomore表示动作的程度并不比前面提到的稍强，意为“也不……”。Ican’tswim,nor(neither)canshe.Hehasn’tbeentothe countryside,neitherdoeshewanttogothere.Hedidnotturnup.Nomoredidhiswife.5)用在as（尽管）引导的让步状语从句中,从属连句as用于特殊语序，含义与though,although相同，但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）。Proudasthenoblesare,heisafraidtoseeme.Youngasheis,heknowsalot.2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）1)含有否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时，常用否定词有：never,not,hardly, scarcely,seldom,little,notuntil,notonly…butalso,nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒装结构。\nNeverbeforehaveweseensuchasight.LittledidIthinkthathecouldbebackalive.NotuntilNewYear’sDayshallIgiveyouagift.Notonlywaseverythingthathehadtakenawayfromhim,butalsohisGerman citizenship.2)副词only放在句首时,only起强调作用，其句型为“only+状语+部分倒装”。如置于句首的only修饰主语，则不用倒装结构。Onlythendidherealizehismistakes.Onlyinthiswaycanyoulearnmathswell.OnlyMothercanunderstandme.3)虚拟语气条件从句中,把从句中if省略将were，had或should放在主语的前面。Weretheyhere,theywouldhelpus.HadIbeen informed earlier.Icouldhavedonesomething.Shouldyoufail,takemorepainandtryagain.4)直接引语的全部或一部分放在句首时，主句主语和谓语次序颠倒，用完全倒装。但如果主句主语为代词时或谓语部分比主语长，一般不用倒装。“Heisacleverboy.”saidtheteacher.“Go,Dick,go!”criedTom,“Gohomeandgethelp.”“Whatdoyouthinkofthefilm?”heasked.“I’mleavingforHongkongnextmonth.”Marytoldmeyesterday.\n5)表示祝愿的句子中,谓语动词或谓语的一部分放在主语的前面。Mayyousucceed!Longlivethe Communist PartyofChina.6)副词so在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适合于另一个人或另一事物的肯定句中。Heisinterestedinpop-songs,andsoamI.Theywilllearn chemistry nextterm,sowillI.Icandriveacar,socanmyyoungerbrother.如果后面的句子只是单纯重复前句的意思，不表示也适用于另一人或事，则不用倒装结构。-TomwonthefirstprizefortheEnglishcompetition.－Sohedid.-Itwascoldyesterday.-Soitwas.7)在频度状语often,always,manyatime等开头的句子中。Oftendidwewarnthemnottodoso.ManyatimehasshehelpedmewithmyEnglish.8)在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首。Thusendedhislife.Soloudlydidhespeakthatevenpeopleinthenextroomcouldhearhim.9)介词短语作状语，放在句首。Inthemiddleoftheroomstoodalittlegirl.Inthedistancewasahorse.\n10)在强调表语的句子中,表语提前，不仅为了强调，而且为了使句子结构达到平衡协调，或使上下文紧密衔接。SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.Suchislife.Nearbyweretwo canoes inwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.【专项训练】1、______thatweallwentout,lyinginthesun.A．TheweathersofinewasB．SofinewastheweatherC．SotheweatherwasfineD．Sowasfineweather2、Underhisarm______apairofshoeswhichhehadboughtfromtheshopafewdaysbefore.A．isB．areC．wasD．were3、______whohadarrestedhimthreetimesforcarryingdrugs.A．BeforeGeorgestoodthepolicemanB．BeforeGeorgethepolicemanstoodC．BeforethepolicemanstoodGeorgeD．BeforeGeorgedidthepoliceman4、Then______wehadbeenlookingforwardto.A．camethehourB．thehourcameC．comesthehourD．thehouriscoming\n5、Onlywhenhestartedtoexplain______thereasonforthis.A．sherealizedB．didsherealizeC．shehadrealizedD．hadsherealized6、______succeedindoinganything.A．OnlybyworkinghardwecanB．ByonlyworkinghardwecanC．OnlybyworkinghardcanweD．Onlywecanbyworkinghard7、Notforamoment______thetruthofyourstory.A．hehasdoubtedB．hedoubtsC．didhedoubtD．hediddoubt8、Nowhereelseintheworld______cheapertailoringthaninHongKong.A．atouristcanfindB．canatouristfindC．atouristwillfindD．atouristhasfound9、Hardly______whenthebussuddenlypulledaway.A．theyhadgottothebus-stopB．theygottothebus-stopC．didtheygettothebus-stopD．hadtheygottothebus-stop10、Marydoesn’tspeakFrench,and______doesJoan.A．notB．neitherC．eitherD．so（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻……）KEYS\n1、B2、C3、A4、A5、B6、C7、C8、B9、D10、B 知识要点状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。一、时间状语从句1.when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。When Icameintotheroom,hewaswritingaletter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。Weshallgothere whenever wearefree.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。2.when意为“这时”或“在那个时候”，可以看作是并列句,这种用法的when分句一般位于句末。Iwaswalkingalongthestreet when suddenlysomeone patted meonthe\nshoulderfrombehind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。3.while指“在某一段时间里”，“在……期间”，while引导的动作必须是持续性的。While itwasraining,theywentout.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。Istayed while hewasaway.他不在的时候我在。4.as引导持续性动作，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。Hehurriedhome,lookingbehind as hewent.他赶快回家，不时地一边走一边向后看。5.before译为在……之前Beapupil before youbecomeateacher.先做学生，再做先生。6.after译为在……之后Hearrived after thegamestarted.比赛开始后，他到了。7.如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到……为止”。从属连词为till/untilWewaited till (until)hecameback.我们一直等到他回来。8.如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直……才”“在……以前不”，从句放在句首表示强调，一般用until\nShedidn’tstopworking until eleveno’clock.她到11点钟才停止工作。Until hehadpassedoutofsight,shestoodthere.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。9.hardly…when和nosooner…than的意义相当于assoonas，但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或nosooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。Ihad hardly gothome when itbegantorain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.Nosooner hadwegottothestation than thetrainleft.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly hadwebegun when weweretoldtostop.我们刚开始就被叫停。10.在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。Everytime Itravelledbyboat,Igot seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。Themoment Iheardthesong,Ifelt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。Nexttime youcome,you’llseehim.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。11.状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina since 1978.自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。\nAssoonas IarriveinShanghai,I’llwritetoyou.我一到上海就给你写信。二、地点状语从句where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。Where thereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Where thereiswaterthereislife.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。Youarefreetogo wherever youlike.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever yougo,youmust obey thelaw.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。三、原因状语从句1.because用来回答why的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后Icamebacklateyesterday because Iwasonduty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。2.since表示既然或全已知的理由，稍加分析即可表明的原因，多放句首Since everyoneishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。\n3.as从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。As hedidn’tknowmuchEnglish,helookedupthewordinthe dictionary.由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。4.seeing(that),nowthat和since,as意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。Now (that)theweatherhasclearedup,wecanstartour journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that)hewasbadlyill,wesentforthedoctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。四、目的状语从句1.目的状语从句中常用情态动词may(might),can(could),should等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号，从属连词一般为that,sothat,inorderthat, lest =forfearthat。Ishallwritedownyourtelephonenumber that Imaynotforget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。We’lltellyouthetruth sothat youcan judge foryourself.我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。Theyworkedharderthanusual inorderthat theycouldfinishtheworkaheadoftime.他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Putonmoreclothes lest (=forfearthat)youshouldcatchcold.多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。\n五、结果状语从句1.sothat前有逗号为结果状语从句。so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。Weturneduptheradio, sothat everyoneheardthenews.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。Hewas so excited that hecouldn’tsayaword.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。2.such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用sucha/an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强Hegave such importantreasons that hewasexcused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。Itis such aninterestingnovel that allofuswanttoreadit.Itis so interestinganovel that allofuswanttoreadit.这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。知识要点状语从句是副词性从句，它在句子中担任状语，修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词。根据修饰的方面，状语从句可以分为以下九种：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。六、条件状语从句1.unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。从属连词为if,unless,as/solongas,incase,sofaras。Difficultiesarenothing if wearenotafraidofthem.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。\nWeshallgotheretomorrow unless itrains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。=Weshallgotheretomorrowifitdoesn’train.So/Aslongas youworkhard,youwillsucceed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。Incase Iforget,please remind meaboutit.万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。Sofaras Iknow,thebookwillbepublishednextmonth.据我所知，那本书下月出版。七、方式状语从句1.此处as译为，按照或正如asif或asthough的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。Drawacat as Itaughtyou.按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as youaretold.按照人家告诉你做的去做。Shelooks as ifsheisill.看上去她好象是生病了。Heacted asif (though)nothinghadhappened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。They treat theblackboy asif (though)hewereananimal.他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。\n八、让步状语从句1.在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”(but)但可以与yet或still连用。though/although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。Although (Though)hewasoversixty,(yet)hebegantolearnFrench.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语.Wewerenottired though (although)wehadworkedallday.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。2.evenif和eventhough的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。I’llgo evenif (though)itrainstomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。3.as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。Child as heis,heknowsalot.虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as itis,(=Thoughitiscold,)thechildrenplay outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。4.nomatter...与who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样，nomatter...引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。Doit nomatter whatotherssay.不管别人怎么说，尽管干。Nomatter howbusyhewas,hestudiedEnglisheveryday.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。Nomatter whotakesupthematterforme,Ishallbevery grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。5.wh-ever(whateverwhoeverwheneverwhichever\nhowever)从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh-ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。不可将nomatter与wh-ever连用。I'lltrytogive whatever youwant.（名词性从句）我会尽量满足你的所需。Whatever happens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.（状语从句）无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes,hewillbewelcome.（状语从句）无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。九、比较状语从句1.连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用notas…as或notso…as，从属连词有as…as,notso/as…as,thesame…as,such…as。Maryis as old as mysister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。Hedoesn’trun so (as)fast as Jack(does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。Hisbookis thesameas mine.他的书和我的一样。Henryisnot such agoodworker as Peter.享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。2.表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。从属连词为than。Shehasmadegreater progress thisyear than shedidlastyear.她今年比去年进步更大。\nHeboughtfewerbooks than I(did).他买的书比我买的少。3.themore…themore意思为越……越……，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。Themore youread, thebetter youunderstand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。Themore ticketsyousell, themore moneyyouwillget.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。Theharder youwork, thegreater progressyouwillmake.你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。Thesooner, thebetter.越快越好。Thewarmer, thebetter.越暖和越好。【专项训练】1、Youlikesports______I’dliketoread.A．whenB．whileC．butD．yet2、______weweresinging,theteachercamein.A．BeforeB．afterC．AsD．Until3、Iwasabouttoleavemyhouse______thephonerang.A．whileB．whenC．asD．after4、Theydidnotstopfighting______therewasno enemy left.\nA．untilB．afterC．whenD．since5、Ihavenotseenhim______hewenttocollege.A．whenB．beforeC．asD．since6、Itisfivedays______wecamehere.A．whenB．beforeC．asD．since7、Itwasnotlong______hegottoknowit.A．whenB．beforeC．afterD．until8、Weshallgo______wearefree.A．wheneverB．whateverC．whereverD．however9、______IliveImustservethepeopleheartand soul.A．WhenB．SolongasC．AssoonasD．On condition10、Iwasreadinganovel______hewaswatchingTV.A．whenB．whileC．beforeD．as（后设答案，大家不要偷看(⊙o⊙)哦，(*^__^*)嘻嘻……）Keys1、B2、C3、B4、A5、D6、D7、B8、A9、B10、B\n虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：1、虚拟条件句。2、名词性虚拟语气。3、虚拟语气的其他用语。一、虚拟条件句：条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：If主语＋过去时，主语＋should(could,would,或might)＋动词原形，如：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifitrained,Iwouldnotbeherenow.2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：If主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should(could,would,或might)＋have＋过去分词，如：Ifthedoctorhadcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.IfIhadnotstudiedhard,Iwouldhavefailedintheexamlastterm.3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：If主语+should(wereto,过去时)＋do，主语＋should(could...)＋原形do，如：Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.\nIfIweretogotothemoononeday,Icouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Ifyoumissedthefilmtonight,youwouldfeelsorry.注意问题：1、If条件句中绝对不可出现"would"。2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。3、在条件句中如果出现were,had,should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.二、名词性虚拟语气：在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋(should)＋动词原形，如：MotherinsistedthatJohngotobedat9o'clock.（宾语从句）Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldnotbeheld.Itwasrequiredthatthe crops shouldbe harvested atonce.（主语从句）Thesuggestionthathebeinvitedwas rejected.（同位语从句）Thatistheirdemandthattheirwagesbeincreased.（表语从句）注意：在这种句子中绝不出现"would""must""could"等。\n三、虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句：1、wish后的宾语从句：与现在愿望不一致——主语＋过去时：IwishIwereyou.与过去愿望不一致——主语＋had＋过去分词：IwishIhadvisitedthewhiteHousewhenIwasinthestates.与未来愿望不一致——主语＋would(could)＋原形：IwishIcouldmeetyoutomorrowattheparty.2、It'stime句型：当It'stime后用that从句时应该为“主语＋should＋原形”或“主语＋过去时”，例如：It'stimethatyouwenttoschool.或It'stimethatyoushouldgotoschool.3、Ifonly引起的感叹句相当于“HowIwish＋宾语从句”：Ifonlyhecouldcome!他要能来就好了。IfonlyIhadknowntheanswer!我要早知答案就好了。4、wouldrather,asif(though)引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：I'dratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.I'dratheryouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.Shelovesthechildrenasiftheywerehers.AlantalkedaboutRomeasifhehadbeenthere.\n5、without,but,butfor,otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件：Withoutyou,Iwouldneverknowhim.Butforyour cooperation,wewouldn'thavedonetheworksowell.=Ifitwerenotforyourcooperation,wewewouldn'thavedonetheworksowell.（注：without/butfor...=Ifitwasnotfor.../Ifithadn'tbeenfor...）Butthatshewasafraid,shewouldhavesaidno.Iwouldbemostgladtohelpyou,butI'ambusynow.Iambusynow;otherwiseIwoulddoyouthefavor!专项训练1、Itisimportantthatacollegestudent______aforeignlanguage.A．willmasterB．masterC．mastersD．wouldmaster2、Itisstrangethatshe______withoutsayingaword.A．shouldhavegoneoutB．wentC．shouldgooutD．goesout3、Ifmylawyer______herelastSaturday,he______mefromgoing.A．hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB．hadbeen,wouldpreventC．were,wouldpreventD．were,wouldhaveprevent\n4、——“Heisabraveman.”——“Yes,IwishI______hiscourage.”A．haveB．hadC．willhaveD．mayhave5、Ifit______rain,thecropswouldbesaved.A．shouldB．willC．isgoingtoD．wasto6、Heorderedthatthemedicine______byaspecialplane.A．wassentB．wouldbesentC．shouldsendD．besent7、Ifyou______themedicine,you______betternow.A．took,wouldfeelB．hadtaken,feltC．hadtaken,wouldfeelD．took,wouldhavefelt8、Sheismysister,butsheoftenactsasif______mymother.A．isB．wasC．wereD．hadbeen9、Iwenttobedearlylastnight,butIwishI______so.A．didn’tdoB．hadn’tdoneC．haven’tdoneD．couldn’tdo10、I’dratherhe______tomorrowafternoon.A．willcomeB．comesC．comingD．came（后设答案，大家不要偷看哦~(*^__^*)嘻嘻……）\nKEYS1、B2、A3、A4、B5、A6、D7、C8、C9、B10、D