初中英语连词的用法 5页

初中英语语法总结——连词连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。第一类表示并列关系的连词1)　and和　判断改错：　(错)Theysatdownandtalkaboutsomething.　(错)Theystartedtodanceandsang.　(错)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperthere.　(对)Theysatdownandtalkedaboutsomething.　(对)Theystartedtodanceandsing.　(对)Isawtwomensittingbehindandwhisperingthere.解析：　第一句：and连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk应改为talked。　第二句：and连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang应改为sing。　第三句：and连接感观动词saw后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper应改为whispering。注意：1.and还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法）　　Makeupyourmind,andyou'llgetthechance.　=Ifyoumakeupyourmind,you'llgetthechance.　　Onemoreeffort,andyou'llsucceed.　=Ifyoumakeonemoreeffort,you'llsucceed2,AandB当表示整体或者指同一人时谓语动词用单数,当and连接的单数名词前分别有each，every，many等词修饰时，谓语也用单数。breadandbutteraknifeandforkThemotherandteacherisverystrictwithherson.Noteacherandnostudentisallowedtosmokeinclass.3.and连接的是两个相同意思的词，表示“渐渐”，或加强语气Readitagainandagain2)　both…and　两者都　Sheplays(both)thepianoandtheguitar.3)neither…nor意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。　　　Neitheryounorheistoblame.\n4)　notonly…but(also)不但······而且······　　　Sheplaysnotonlythepiano,but(also)theguitar.　注意：notonly…butalso关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。　　Notonlydoeshelikereadingstories,butalsohecanevenwritesome.5)aswellas以及，也，与···同样Theteacher,aswellasthestudents,isinterestedintheactivity.比较and和or　1)并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。　2)但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：　　Thereisnoairorwaterinthemoon.　　Thereisnoairandnowateronthemoon.　在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。典型例题　---Idon'tlikechicken___fish.　　---Idon'tlikechicken,___Ilikefishverymuch.　A.and；and　B.and；but　C.or；but　D.or；and　答案C。否定句中表并列用or,but表转折。判断改错：　　(错)Wewilldiewithoutairandwater.　　(错)Wecan'tlivewithoutairorwater.　　(对)Wewilldiewithoutairorwater.　　(对)Wecan'tlivewithoutairandwater.　第二类表示选择关系的连词　1)or　意思为"或则"。　　Whichdoyouprefer,tea,coffee,orjuice?　2)either…or　意思为"或者……或者……"。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。　　EitheryouorIamright.3)orelse/otherwise否则Besilent,orelseyouwillbekickedout.Iamtired,otherwise,Iwouldplay.第三类表示转折或对比关系的连词1）but但是Heisrichbutunhappy.while然而，表示对比意味Somepeoplelovecats,whileothershatethem.yet然而Shesaidshewouldbelate,yetshearrivedontime.however然而，可是，不过Shedoesnotlikehim,however,Ilikehim.　2)not…but…意思为"不是……而是……"　　not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。\n　　Theywerenotthebonesofananimal,but(thebones)ofahumanbeing.典型例题　---Wouldyouliketocometodinnertonight?　　---I'dliketo,___I'mtoobusy.　A.and　B.so　C.as　D.but　　　答案D。but与前面形成转折，符合语意。而表并列的and，结果的so，原因的as都不符合句意。第四类表因果关系的连词1)for因为，做并列连词使用时，是在对先行的句子补述原因或者理由，只可以连接句子与句子，通常不置于句首。Heisabsenttoday,forheisill.2)so,therefore因此　　Hehurthisleg,sohecouldn'tplayinthegame.Ithink,thereforeIam3）then那么，因而Hidebehindthewall,thentheywon’tseeyou.注意：　a.两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore,then,yet.可以和并列连词连用。　　　YoucanwatchTV,andoryoucangotobed.　　　Hehurthisleg,andso/andthereforehecouldn'tplayinthegame.　b.although…yet…，但although不与but连用。　　(错)　Althoughhewasweak,buthetriedhisbesttodothework..　　(对)　Althoughhewasweak,yethetriedhisbesttodothework.从属连词从属连词不同与并列连词，只能用来引导从句，而不能引导词或者词组。从属连词一般可以引导名词性从句和状语从句。第一类引导名词性从句的从属连词1）that引导宾语从句或间接引语时，可省略。引导主语从句时不可以省略。Hesaid(that)hewouldcome.宾语从句Hismothertoldme(that)heisagoodboy.间接引语Thatsheisstillaliveistrue.主语从句2）if/whether是否Iwonderifheisathome.Iaskhimwhetherhewouldcome.注意：只可以用whether的情况介词后面Itwilldependonwhetheritrainstomorrow.whether···ornot固定搭配Letmeknowwhetheryoucomeornot.\n动词不定式前Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepthisadvice.第二类引导状语从句的从属连词1）连接时间状语从句的从属连词before在···之前ThewarhadbeenoverbeforehecametoChina.after在···之后HecametoChinaafterthewarwasover.since自从IhavelivedinthiscitysinceIwasborn.when/while当···Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,whenallthestudentswereplayingWhenIcameintothisroom,Ifoundhimlyingbedasleep（while后接的动词是延续性的动词）as当···IsawherasIwasgettingonthebus.till/until直到Ididn’tgotosleepuntil/tillIfinishedmyhomework.assoonas一···就···Assoonashesawthepoliceman,thethiefrunaway.2）连接地点状语从句的从属连词where在哪里TherewerelotsofparkswhereIlived.3）连接原因状语从句的从属连词because原因,用于解释某事的原因，动机，强调直接原因和因果关系IdoitbecauseIlikeit.for表因为，表间接的原因，用于说明，解释Isoonwenttosleep,forIwastiredsince表原因，比because弱，比as强，表一种已知的，显然的理由，常译为“既然as表原因时，意义最弱Asyouareinpoorhealth,youshoulddomoreexercises4）连接结果状语从句的从属连词so···that···如此···以至于···Heissokindthateverybodylikeshim.such···that···Heissuchakindmanthateverybodylikeshim5）连接目的状语从句的从属连词that/sothat/inorderthat为了Speakclearlythat/sothat/inorderthattheymayunderstandyou.6)连接条件状语从句的从属连词if如果Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoonapicnic.unless除非(如果不)Hewillcomeunlessitrains.incase万一YoumaycallthisnumberincaseIamnotathome7)连接比较状语从句的从属连词than比It’seasierthanIthought.as/so···as···和···一样Sheisastallasyou.Heisnotas/sotallashiswife.8)连接方式状语从句的从属连词as按照DoasItoldyou.Takethingsastheyare.asif/though仿佛Hebehavesasif/thoughhewasachild.\n9)引导让步状语从句的从属连词although/though尽管AlthoughJapanissmall,thepopulationisbig.evenif即便Evenifitwassnowingheavily,wewentonrunning.