初中英语语法—代词 48页

代词Pronouns\n代词概述:代词就是指可以代替名词的词,可分为以下几种名称代词人称代词主格代词I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格代词me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them物主代词形容词性my,your,his,her,its,ours,your,they名词性mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourself,themselves指示代词this,that,these,those疑问代词who,whom,whose,what,which不定代词some,any，many,much,each,neither,other,another,all,both,one,none,either…相互代词eachother/oneanother关系代词who,whose,whom,that,which.\n一.人称代词第一人称第二人称第三人称人称格数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格Iyouhesheitmeyouhimheritweyoutheyusyouthem\n1、人称代词的排列顺序：二，三，一(单数）一，二，三（复数）一.人称代词1.我、你、他、都18岁。__________________2.你们、我们、他们都来自中国。______________________________.You,heandIareall18.We,youandtheyarefromChina2、在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后多用宾格.—IlikeEnglish.—_____too.A.IB.HeC.Me\n①第一人称单数代词I（我）无论在什么地方出现都要大写。②人称代词作主语时要用其主格Theyarenurses.Sheisabarber.③动词后用宾格：Ihelphimandhehelpsme介词后用宾格：Jimtakesgoodcareofme注意：\n1.—Whobrokethewindow?—Not_____.A.IB.heC.her2.MissLiinvited__havedinnerwithher.A.meandyouB.youandIC.youandme3.Whotaught_____Englishlastterm?A.themB.theirC.they\n4.MissZhangteaches___math.A.weB.usC.ourD.ours5.___likeplayingsoccerwith___.A.Them,meB.They,IC.They,meD.Them,I6.Tomisanewstudent.___knewnoneof____.A.He,usB.He,weC.Him,usD.His,we7.Youcansitbetween____.A.heandIB.himandmeC.meandhim8.___allcomehereearly.A.ThemB.SheC.WeD.Us\n3、it的特殊用法:①it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人.—whoisthepersonoverthere?—Itistheheadmaster.②It也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。天气：Howcolditistoday!时间：It’sabouteighto’clock.距离：It’s200kilometersfromhere.一.人称代词\n1.---Whoisknockingatthedoor?---Idon’tknow.Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho____was.A.heB.sheC.it2.Ican’tfindmyhat.Idon’tknowwhereIput____.A.oneB.itC.that3.Ican’tfindmyhat.IthinkImustbuy__.A.itB.oneC.that\n③固定句型1.做某事情对某人来说是…Itis+adj.(+forsb.)+todosth.2.轮到某人做…It’sone’sturntodosth.3.是（某人）做某事的时候了It’stime(forsb.)todosth.4.据说…It’ssaidthat…\n5.某人花费…做某事Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.6.自从…以来，已经有…（时间）了。Itis/hasbeen+时段+since+从句(过去时)7.某人发现/认为/感觉到做某事是…的findsb.thinkfeel+it+adj.todoit’s也对！\nIfound___verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy.A.it’sB.itC.that2.Itisgreatfun__surfingontheInternet.A.goB.togoC.going\n二.物主代词人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数形容词性名词性myouryouryourhisheritstheirmineoursyoursyourshishersitstheirs\n形容词性和名词性物主代词虽都译成“……的”，但形容词性物主代词只能作定语，后边须有名词；而名词性物主代词后边不可再加名词，它在句中可作主语、宾语或表语。“名词性物主代词＝形容词性物主代词＋名词”。Thisismybook=ThisbookismineThatisyourpen,mineisinmybag.ThisisLucy‘scoat，yoursisdifferentfromhersyourcoat物主代词用法：hercoatmybookmypen\n注意：物主代词前不能有this,that，some,a,an，the等词修饰。如不能说themyrighthand。\n1.Sheisafriendof________.A.myB.mineC.I2.Thisisn’tmypen,itis_____.A.herB.hisC.him3.Frankcan’tfind____dictionary.Canyoulend____to_____?A.her,mine,herB./,yours,heC.his,yours,him\n4.____schoolismuchbiggerthan____.A.Our,theirB.Ours,theirsC.Our,theirs5.Thedogissopoorbecause____legisbadlyhurt.A.itB.itsC.it’s6.Sheis___Englishteacher.Sheteaches__well.A.our,oursB.our,usC.their,they\n7.Isthis____sister?No,Sheis____sister.A.your,hisB.your,mineC.his,mine8.Must___goto___officenow?A.we,hisB.he,youC.they,yours9.Youmustbring___notebooktotheschool.A.youB.yourC.yours10.Theredbagis___.___iswhite.A.his,MineB.him,MyC.mine,Him\n三.反身代词人称分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimselfthemselvesherselfitself1.反身代词分类\n2.反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃…自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉／沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己enjoyoneselfteachoneself.helponeselftosth.saytooneselfallbyoneself/byoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin…dressoneselflookafteroneself\nThemanisrich,hecanbuy___alotofthings.A.heB.hisC.himself2.---Whatalovelycard!Wheredidyoubuyit?---Imadeitby_____.A.meB.myselfC.itself3.“Help____tosomechicken,”mymothersaidtotheguests.A.yourselfB.yourselvesC.your\n四.指示代词TheweatherinChinaisquitedifferentfromthatinUSA.单数复数this这个these这些that那个those那些代词，指theweather\n指示代词用法：1.this和these用于指距离较近的事物或人，that和those用于指较远的事物或人。如：Thispictureisclearandthatpictureisnotclear.2.that(those)可以代替前面提到的名词，以免重复，this(these)不能。如：ThepopulationofChinaislargerthanthatofIndia.SomeTVsetsmadeinChinaarejustasgoodasthosemadeinJapan.3.打电话时用that问对方是谁，用this做自我介绍。如：ThisisMaryspeaking.Who'sthat?\n1.-Look,whoiscoming?-___mustbeourEnglishteacher.A.SheB.HeC.ItD.This2.Ifound___noteasytogetonwithhim.A.thatB.itC.thisD.one3.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargerthan____ofChina.A.itB.thatC.oneD.this4.Ifound____importanttoreadEnglishinthemorning.A.itB.thatC.whichD.its\n5.ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan__ofJinan.A.thatB.thisC.it6.TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas___madeinQingdao.A.thatB.theseC.those7.WhatIwanttotellyouis___thefilmwillbeateight.A.itB.thisC.that\n五.不定代词1.常见的不定代词有：some,any,one,each,every,no,none,all,both,either,neither,many,much,afew,alittle,other,another,theother等。2.形容词修饰something,anything,nothing,somebody,anybody,nobody,everything,everyone,everybody等不定代词时，放在后面。如：Isthereanythingimportantintoday’snewspaper?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourbike.\n1.Doyouhave_____todothisevening?A.importantsomethingB.anythingimportantC.somethingimportant2._____iswatchingTV.Let’sturnitoff.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Nobody3.Wouldyoulike___?Icangetitforyou.A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.everythingelse\n常见不定代词的用法只修饰可数名词只修饰不可数名词修饰可数名词、不可数名词many,anumberofthenumberofmuchalotof=lotsofplentyoffew,afewlittle,alittlesome,any修饰可数名词和不可数名词的单词或短语\n①.someanysome一般用于肯定句中，any用于否定句和疑问句中。①Ihave____books,butIdon’thave____pens.②Thereisnot____meatinmybowl.Thereis____chickeninit.提示：some有时也可用于疑问句中，表示劝告，请求或建议。any用于肯定句中，表示“任何一个”①Wouldyoulikesometea?②MayIaskyousomequestions?③Youcanborrowanyofthethreebooks.\nfew/afewlittle/alittle1、2、当前面由only修饰，常用afew或alittle.3、alittle可表示“有点，稍微”相当于abit，alittlebit，kindof肯定否定可数afewfew不可数alittlelittle\nAlthoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest,only___passtheexam.A.fewB.afewC.alittle2.Don’tworry.Thereis____timeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few3.Youaresogreat!____peopleintheschoolcandoit.A.AlittleB.LittleC.Few\n①.it指上文提到过的事物。②.one泛指上文提及的同类事物(可数名词)中的一个,复数ones,一般前边有the，this，that修饰。③.that常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，避免重复。可代替可数或不可数名词，复数those，一般有后置修饰语.(1) Ihavemanybooks.Which___doyoulike?(2) Thebookismine.____isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan____inHainan.oneItthatoneitthat\n①Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom.Move__away.A.itB.oneC./②Ihavelostmypen.Ihavetobuy___.A.oneB.itC./③Howniceyourbagis!Iwanttobuy___.A.itB.oneC./\neacheveryeach(常与of连用)every两者或以上的每一个人或物三者或以上每一个人或物everyother…每隔…（anyother…任何一个）everyotherday每隔一天=everytwodays①Igavethem__anapple.A.everyB.eachC.eachof②Thereisalineoftreeson___sideofthestreet.A．everyB．eachC．both③Shegoesshopping__fivedays.A.everyB.eachC.eachof④他隔天来这里。Hecamehere__________day.everyother\nnonenoonenonenoone没有什么人/物“没有人”只能指人回答howmany问句回答who问句noneof+复数名词/them谓语用单数①Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.Lucy②Whoisintheroom?—___.A.NoneB.NooneC.one③Noneofthem___China.A.comefromB.isfromC.iscomefrom\neitherof两者之一+复数名词/them/us谓单neitherof两者都不谓单bothof两者都谓复___ofthegirls___him.Theyaskedhimfornamecard.A.Neither;knowB.Either;knowC.Neither;knows②Bothofhisparents___teachers.A.isB.areC.was③Bothofhisbrothers___inthishospital,butneitherofthem___adoctor.A.works;isB.work;isC.work;areeitherneitherboth\neitherneitherboth①EitherTomorthetwins__thewaytotheshop.A.knowB.knowsC.finds②NeitheryounorI___ascientist.A.isB.areC.am③BothTomandMary___hard.A.studiesB.studyC.studyingeither…or…或者…或者…就近原则neither…nor…两者都不both…and…两者都复数谓语\nThestudentsareallfromFoshan.They___liketheircity.A.bothB.allC.eitherLucyandLily___agreewithus.A.allB.bothC.neitherHowareyourparents?Theyare____fine.A.bothB.allC.no\n①Ididn’tseeit,___.A.tooB.aswellC.either②Hecouldn’topenthedoor._______.A.NeithercouldIB.SocouldIC.Neithercouldn’tIThey__ingoodhealth, andthey___there.A.areboth;willbothgoB.bothare;willgobothC.areboth;bothgoeseither否定句末“也”neither倒装句表否定neither+助动词/be/情态动词+主语both助动词/be/情态动词+bothboth+行为动词\nothertheotherotherstheothersanother\n①TomandMaryhavearrived,but__inyourclassaren'thereyet. A.theothers  B.others  C.theother②Oneofthesidesoftheroadshouldbepaintedyellow,and___white.A.theotherB．anotherC.others③Thispairoftrousersistooshort.Wouldyoupleaseshowme___one.A.other   B.others   C.another\n④Ihavetwobrothers.__isadoctor,__isasoldier.A.One,theother       B.One,otherC.Theone,theother⑤---Isthisyoursock?---Yes,itis.Whereis_?A.anotherB.theotheroneC.others⑥Wegothomeby4o’clock,but___didn’tgetbackuntil8o’clock.A.theotherB.othersC.theothers\n六.相互代词1．相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，在句中常作宾语，只有两个：oneanother和eachother，译作“相互，彼此”。两者用法基本相同，但在表示两人间的相互关系时，更多用eachother。如：PeoplecanuseICQtotalkwitheachotherbycomputers.2．相互代词的所有格形式为：eachother's和oneanother's。Theyputsmallpresentsineachother'sstockings.\nExercise\n1.Mary,help＿＿＿tothebananas,please.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves2.—CanyouspeakEnglish?—Yes,butonly＿＿＿.AfewBafewClittleDalittle3.I'vejustboughtfivestamps.OneisaGermanstamp,＿＿＿areAmericanstamps.AtheotherBtheothersCotherDothers\n4.—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening?—Idon'tmind.＿＿＿timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth5.Thisisnotherkite,but＿＿＿.Ahe'sBhimCheDhis6.---Whereismypen?---Oh,sorry.Ihavetaken____bymistake.A.yoursB.hisC.mineD.hers\n7.Mysisterdoesn'tlikeskating＿＿＿.ASodoIBSoIdon'tCNeitherIdon'tDNeitherdoI8.Allthestudentsarebusy,so＿＿＿ofthemwillgototheconcert.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew9.________ofthemhashisownopinion.A.BothB.SomeC.EveryD.Each\n11.—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass?—＿＿＿Sam＿＿＿Bruce.Itwasthecat.ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or12.Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.＿areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother13.Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,＿＿＿isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers