初中英语宾语从句讲解 3页

宾语从句一、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中起宾语作用的从句。根据引导词的不同，宾语从句又可分为：以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、已从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。1、that引导的宾语从句由that引导的宾语从句大多由陈述句充当。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，此时从句的成分齐全，句意明确，在口语和非正式文体中that可以省略。I’mextremelysorrythatIhavelostyourbook.We’reallpleasedthatwehaveonceagainovercomethedifficulty.Doyouthink(that)itwillrain?Weknow(that)weshouldstudyhard.2、whether或if引导的宾语从句Whether/if引导的从句可视为直接引语为一般疑问句转变为间接引语而成，其语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序，从句前加上连词whether或if。(1)可用whether/if的情况通常whether/if引导动词后的宾语从句时可通用。Idon’tknowwhether/ifhe’llarriveintime.Iamwonderingwhether/iftheywouldbelieveinme.Iaskedhimwhether/ifhehadfinishedallhishomework.(2)只能用whether，不能用if的情况A、引导介词的宾语从句时I’mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgoshopping.I’mnotinterestedinwhethershe’llbeinvited.B、与ornot直接连用时Ican’tsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime.Idon’tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.Iwonderwhetherornotweshouldmakeitclearthatwe’velostthisgame.C、宾语从句提前时WhethertheywilljoinintheWinterCampIdon’tcare.3、连接代词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导，它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语等，因此不能省略。DoyouknowwhowillteachusEnglishterm?(作主语）Didyouhearwhatshesaid?（作宾语）Idon’tknowwhosethefootballis.（作表语）Couldyoutellmewhichbookisbetter?(作定语）4、连接副词引导的宾语从句宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,how,why及“how+形容词/副词”短语等引导，它们在宾语从句中作状语等，不可省略。Wedidn’tknowwhenyouusuallygotoschool.\nIwanttoknowwhereheboughtthiscup.CanyoutellmehowIgettothebusstation?Pleaseexplainwhyyouwerelateforclassagain.“How+形容词/副词”短语主要有howold,howmany,howmuch,howlong,howoften,howfar,howsoon等。Doyouknowhowoldyourfatheristhisyear?二、重点考点1、宾语从句的语序无论宾语从句是从属连词还是连接代词或连接副词引导，引导词总是位于从句句首，从句用陈述语序。Iamwonderingifyoucouldhelpme.Heaskedmewhenweshouldstartoutthenextday.Didyoufindoutwhereshelosthercar?2、宾语从句的时态宾语从句谓语动词的时态常常受到主句谓语动词的影响，因而在使用时要注意主从句两部分的时态，一般遵循以下原则：（1）主句为现在时态或将来时态时主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用任何所需要的时态，不受主句时态的限制和影响。Iknowyoudon’tknowwhatithinkatall.Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathewouldcomethen.I’llletyouknowwhetherI’llcomeornotdirectlyIcheckmyplan.（2）主句为过去时态时主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的时态。Ionlyknewhewasstudyinginawesterncountry,butIdidn’tknowwhichcountryhewasin.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthenovelTheOldManandtheSeawhenhecamein.HetoldmethathehadtoldMaryaboutthemeetingalready.Thereporteraskedifthegovernmentwouldtakenecessarymeasurestoputdowntheto-do.特别提示:从句若表示客观事实或真理，谓语用一般现在时。Mymothertoldmethatafriendinneedisafriendindeed.3、宾语从句的否定转移主句谓语是表示“想，认为”等意义的动词，如think,believe,imagine,suppose,expect,guess等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中。其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致，且用肯定形式。Idon’tthinkthey’llwaittothelastminute.Ididn’tbelievethatwashisfault,wasit?三、宾语从句的注意事项不能省略that的情况在that引导的宾语从句中，连词that只起引导作用，不在句中担当任何成分。因此在口语或非正式问题中常可省略，但在下列情况不能省略：\n1、当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,prove,feel等动词的宾语时IhavelearnedthatmostofthestudentswhoareinterestedinChinesetakeinterestinEnglish.2、当宾语从句较长时Weallthinkthatwhatthepublicisbadlyinneedofisnothingbutthedevelopmentofeconomy.3、当主句的状语置于动词与宾语从句之间时IrealizedatoncethatIhaddoneitwrongwhenshetoldmeallaboutthis.4、当宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于该从句句首时。Hetoldusthat,ifwecouldallcometohelpout,thewholesituationwouldbegettingbetter.5、当动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时WhenMarxgottoEngland,hefound,however,thathisEnglishwassolimitedthathecouldn’tgoonwithhiscommonaffairs.6、当动词带有多个并列宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其他不可省ThentheteacherbegantotalktousabouttheFrenchlanguage,saying(that)itwasthemostbeautifultongueintheworld,andthatwemustkeepitamongusandneverforgetit.7、当宾语从句中的主语是this，that或被this，that修饰时SomepeoplethinkthatthispartofScotlandwithitslakesandmountainsismorebeautifulthantheWestofEngland.Theteachersaidthatthatwordwaswrong.8、当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时However,manypeoplesimplycouldn’tbelievethatwhathehadwrittenwastrue.9、当主句中的谓语动词是固定词组时OnceAristotlehadmadeuphismindthatheavyobjectsalwaysfallfasterthatlightobjects.10、当宾语从句被形式宾语it代替时Wallconsideritimportantthatchildrenshouldtakeplentyofmilkastheygrow.11、expect后接的宾语从句不能省去thatHisarticleisverygoodexpectthatthereareonlyafewunfitsentences.12、在直接引语中，引述部分把主句与宾语从句分开时“I’mextremelysorrytotellyou,”themansaid,”thatyoumissedthelasttrainonceagain.”四、课堂小练1、___whatdidheaskjustnow?___Hewondered________.A.iftheywouldmeetattheschoolgateB.whenwouldtheystartC.thattheywouldtakesomefoodD.howtheywillgetthere2、___I’dliketoknow______.___Maybeintheforest.A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocampingC.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping