初中英语定语从句专题 6页

初中英语定语从句专题一、定语从句的概念   在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。先行词例如：HeisthegirlwhomIwanttofind.  二、定语从句的关系词   引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)，as等,常见的关系副词有where,when,why，how等。注：关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类   根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,而非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。注：中考主要是征对关系词的考查。 四、关系代词的用法1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:   Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)   Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:   Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)   Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:   ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语\n方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)   Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:   Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。   PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:   Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:   Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。4.关系代词中几对词的区别：（1）that与which的用法区别关系词只能用that不用which的情况:a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:   Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:   Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:   ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:   IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:   Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:   ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:   What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:   Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:\n   Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。（2）关系代词who与whom的区别Who主要用于关系词在从句中做主语，而且先行词是人时；而whom主要用于关系词在从句中作宾语而且先行词是人时，例如：Idon’tknowthewomanwhoistalkingthere.(作主语)Idon’tknowthewomanwhomthepolicearelookingfor.(作宾语)（3）关系代词which和as的区别  which引导的定语从句不能置于句首，而as引导的定语从句则可以；另外，as引导的定语从句有“正如，正有”的意思。例如：Asweallknow,Chinaisagreatcountrywithalonghistory.5、定语从句和同位语从句的区别这两者最大的区别就在于连接词在从句中是否作某种成分，例如：Thenewsthathewillbethemonitorofourclassisunknown.(同位语从句)Thenewsthathetoldusthisthismorningsurprisedusalot.（定语从句）五、关系副词的用法 (1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:   Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:   Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。 (3)why指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:   Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。注意：关系代词和关系副词的区分主要是看它们在从句中所做的成分，如作主语或宾语，则用关系代词；如作状语，则用关系副词。所以确定从句缺少的是什么成分是做好这一类题的重点。如：Thesearethedays_____wespenttogether.Thesearethedays_____welivedtogether.很显然，第一个句子中从句缺少的是宾语，所以要用关系代词，而第二个句子中缺少的是状语，所以用关系副词。注意：大部分的关系副词都能用介词+关系代词来替换。例如：Thisistheplacewherehearrivedyesterday=Thisistheplaceatwhichhearrivedyesterday.这一点也是中考的重点，难点在于介词的选择，同学们一定要仔细观察到底该用哪个介词。\n 1.单项填空。   1.Nearlyallthestreetsareinstraightlines,________fromeasttowest.A.running;thatB.run;who　　C.running;whoD.run;that2.Thisisthecase________he’shadallhismoneystolen.A.whenB.where　C.thatD.onwhich3.Mr.SmithwillpayavisittoBeijingthisautumn,________wewillenjoytheOlympicGamesin2008.A.whereB.whenC.whichD.how4.Theartistwillnotpaintpeopleoranimalsbuthewillpaintanything________.A.thatthelittlegirlaskshimB.thelittlegirlaskshimtoC.forthelittlegirltoaskhimD.whatthelittlegirlaskshim5.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided.A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose6.October15thismybirthday,________Iwillneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whatD.which7.Thetreatmentwillcontinueuntilthepatientreachesthepoint________hecanwalkcorrectlyandsafely.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whose8.ThereareseveralresearchcentersinChina________acertaindiseasecalledBirdFluisbeingstudied.A.whichB.whereC.whenD.what9.Ihopethatthelittle________Ihavebeenabletododoesgoodtothemall.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.when10.Thetimeisnotfaraway________moderncommunicationswillbecomewidespreadinChina’svastcountryside.A.asB.whenC.untilD.before11.________isknowntoeverybody,TaiwanisapartofChina.Wemustunifyit.A.ItB.AsC.WhichD.What12.Ishallneverforgettheday________ShenZhouVwaslaunched,________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.when,whichB.that,whichC.which,thatD.when,that13.Thebreadmywifemakesismuchbetterthan________youcanbuyatastore.A.thatwhichB.onethatC.thatofwhichD.thisofwhich14.Thereisnosuchplace________youdreamofinallthisworld.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.as15.Thepeople,________hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomesD.alloftheirhomes16.Thehumansaredestroyingnaturedaybyday,________ofcourse,willcauseseverepunishmentfromitsoonerorlater.A.whoB.whenC.onwhichD.which17.Isthisresearchcenter________youvisitedthemodernequipmentlastyear?A.whereB.thatC.theonethatD.theonewhere18.Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheold________theyswaminit.\nA.whenB.thatC.whoD.where19.Themanshowedussoheavyastone________nomancanlift.A.thatB.asC.whichD.and20.Hestayedthereforquitealongtime,during________timehelearnedmuchspokenEnglish.A.thatB.thisC.whichD.same 2.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。   1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.   2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.   3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.   4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.   5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?3.中考链接【2011湖南株洲】28.Peopleoftenlikeclothes______canmakethemlookyoung.A.whenB.whoC.thatthat引导，故选C。【2012贵州贵阳】37.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothes______makemefeelcomfortable.”A.thatB.whatC.who【2012贵州贵阳】37.“Whatdoyouthinkoftheschooluniforms?”“Verygood.Ilikeclothes______makemefeelcomfortable.”A.thatB.whatC.who【2012广东】42.Therewillbeaflowershowinthepark______wevisitedlastweek.A.whoB.whenC.whatD.Which【2012广西玉林】37.—Nowmanypeoplesmokeandgetill.—Soweshoulddosomething______canhelpstopsmoking.A.whatB.whoC./D.that【2012湖北黄石】30.Istillrememberthetime____wespenttogetheratXisaiMountainlastyear.A.whenB.whatC.whoD.which【2012湖北十堰】38.Oneofthemostdeliciousdrinks_________Ilikeisorangejuice.A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.whom【2012湖北随州】35.—Therearesomanygirlsoverthere.Whichoneisyoursister?—Theone______hatisyellow.A.whoB.whoseC.thatD.which【2012湖北咸宁】29.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacher_______happenedinourschoollastweek.AA.whichB.whoC.whomD.what【2012江苏南京】7.TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary______myfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that【2012江苏扬州】12.ZhangLiliisconsideredasthemostbeautifulteacher______gaveherlovetoherstudentsindanger.\nA.whoB.thatC.whomD.which【2012呼和浩特】9.Thelittleboywaswrappingthepresent_____worldbesenttohisteacher.A.whoB./C.whatD.that【2012广东省梅州市】35.Mr.Smith__________issmokingislookingfor________shelostyesterday.A.whom;whichB.who;whatC.that;whoD.which;where【2011河南】33.Successwillbelongtothose________neversay"impossible".A.whomB.whatC.whoD.which【2012山东滨州】33.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthering______myhusbandboughtmelastyear.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it【2012山东泰安】38.Ihatepeople______talkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whom28．Pianoisaword________wasoriginallyborrowedfromItalian．A．whereB．whoC．whichD．whose【2012四川成都】36.It'sinterestingthattherearemanypeople______speakFrenchinCanada.A.whichB.whereC.who【2012四川达州】23.—DoyouenjoyMyheartwillgoon?—No,Iprefersongsloud.A.thatisB.whichisC.thatareD.whatare【2012绵阳市】20.Icanneverforgetthestories________mygrandmatoldme.A.whatB.whoC.themD.that【2012四川宜宾】26.Thisistheprimaryschool______Istudiedthreeyearsago.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which【2012天津】44.Pleasepassmethecartoonbook_________hasaMickeyMouseonthecover.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which【2012浙江湖州】21.—Whatkindofmoviesdoyoulike?—Ilikethemove______areaboutChinesehistory.A.whoB.whomC.whoseDwhich【2012浙江嘉兴】21.Moststudentsliketheteachers______understandthemwellA.whoB.whenC.whatD.which【2012浙江衢州】27.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I'mlookingforthepen____myfathergavemelastweek.A-whoB.whichC,whoseD.whom【2012贵州黔东南州】29_---Doyouknowthegirl_____ishelpingtheoldwoman.-Oh,that'smysister,A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.where【2012山东•东营市】26.SteveJobsisoneofthepersons______foundedAppleComputerCompany.Hisdeathmarkedtheendofanera(时代).A.whoB.whomC.whichD./