初中英语阅读与备考 60页

初中英语阅读与备考\n三个“纲性”课程标准教科书(教材)考试\n语言技能语言知识情感态度学习策略文化意识素养新课标的总体目标综合语言运用能力\n①面向全体学生，注重素质教育②整体设计目标，体现灵活开放③突出学生主体，尊重个体差异④采用活动途径，倡导体验参与⑤注重过程性评价，促进学生发展⑥开发课程资源，拓展学用渠道课程标准的基本理念\n“英语课程标准”与“英语教学大纲”\n标准:培养学生的综合语言运用能力。综合语言运用能力的形成建立在学生语言技能、语言知识、情感态度、学习策略和文化意识等素养整体的发展。大纲:由单纯传授知识向提高学生全面素质的方向转变。教学目标\n课标:①面向全体学生，为学生全面发展和终身发展奠定基础；②关注学生的情感、营造民主、和谐的教学氛围；③倡导“任务型”的教学途径，培养学生综合语言运用能力；④加强对学生学习策略的指导，为学生终身学习奠定基础；⑤拓展学生的文化视野，发展学生跨文化交际的意识和能力；⑥利用现代教育技术，拓宽学生学习和运用英语的渠道；⑦组织生动活泼的课外活动，促进学生的英语学习；⑧不断更新知识结构，适应现代社会发展对英语课程的要求；教学要求大纲:由单一、封闭型向灵活、开放型转化\n课标:对每一阶段（级别）提出了较细化的易操作的细目。如：五级读的要求:①能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义；②能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系；③能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事情节的发展和结局；④……⑤……⑥能利用字典等工具书进行学习；⑦除教材外，课堂阅读量应累计达到15万词以上。语言技能内容大纲:对听、说、读、写提出较笼统的要求\n其他:如语言知识、功能意念项目表等。\n准确认识“学业水平考试”的变化和导向\n考试名称初中毕业、升学考试初中毕业考试是衡量初中学生学业是否达到教学大纲规定的毕业要求的水平考试；升学考试是以初中毕业生为对象的，普通高中、中等职业技术学校、综合高中等高中段各类学校招收合格新生的选拔性考试。初中毕业生学业考试初中毕业生学业考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试，目的是全面、准确地反映初中毕业学生在学科学习目标方面所达到的水平。考试结果既是衡量学生学业的主要依据，也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。选拔与甄别学业评价\n考试方式《说明》采用闭卷笔答的形式，试卷称“学业考试试卷。试卷分卷一和卷二两部分，卷一为客观题卷，卷二为综合试卷。试卷满分为120分，考试时间为100分钟。单独设置口语考试，成绩分合格和不合格两个等级，不计入总分，仅供高中段学校招生录取作参考。口语测试题型及分值：1）口语会话：4小题，共4分；2）朗读短文：1题，共3分；3）根据短文，回答问题：3小题，共3分。\n《中考说明》分升学考试和毕业升学“两卷合一“考试两种形式。升学考试采用团卷笔答的形式。试卷称“升学考试试卷”。适用于经过毕业考试后的各类高中招生考试。试卷分卷一和卷二两部分，卷一客观题卷，卷二为非选择题。试卷满分为100分，考试时间为90分钟。“两卷合一”考试也采用闭卷答的形式。试卷称“毕业、升学（两卷合一）考试试卷”，适用于初中毕业考试或高中段部分学校的招生考试。试卷分卷一和卷二两部分，卷一为客观题卷，卷二为非选择题。试卷满分为120分，考试时间为100分钟。\n试题难度分布容易题稍难题较难题《说明》约80%约10%约10%《中考说明》约50%约30%约20%\n学业考试说明中考说明考试范围和要求《全日制义务教育英语课程标准（实验稿）》中五级的相关内容（JEFC第一册、第三册（下）《人民教育出版社出版》考试要求把对学生语言知识与技能、情感态度、学习策略、文化意识的考查作为内容标准，并将考试要求清晰地分成三个层次：a、b、c，对每个知识条目的三个层次要求分别做了详尽细致的描述。考试要求从低到高为识记、理解和运用，对每个知识条目的三个层次要求分别做了详尽细致的描述。\n考试目标《说明》《中考说明》能掌握1500—1600左右的单词，200—300条左右的习惯用语及固定搭配，能在口笔头交际活动中运用。能掌握1000个左右的单词，200条左右的习惯用语及固定搭配，能在口笔头交际活动中运用，此外，还要求扩充400—500个左右的认读词汇。\n一初中学业考试阅读的命题\nUnderstandingawrittentextmeansextractingtherequiredinformationfromitasefficientlyaspossible.Whatisreading?Readingisafluentprocessofreaderscombininginformationfromatextandtheirownbackgroundtobuildmeaning。\nTherearetwomainreasonsforreading:--Readingforpleasure.--Readingforinformation(inordertofindoutsomethingorinordertodosomethingwiththeinformationyouget).Whydoweread?----FrancoinseGrette\nReadinginvolvesavarietyofskills.Themainonesarelistedbelow.(fromJohnMunby’sCommunicativeSyllabusDesign.)--Recognizingthescriptofalanguage--Deducingthemeaninganduseofunfamiliarlexicalitems--Understandingexplicitlystatedinformation--Understandinginformationwhennotexplicitlystated--Understandingconceptualmeaning--Understandingthecommunicativevaule(function)ofsentencesandutterances--Understandingrelationswithinthesentence\n--Understandingrelationsbetweenthepartsofatextthroughlexicalcohesiondevices--Understandingcohesionbetweenpartsofatextthroughgrammaticalcohesiondevices--Interpretingtextbygoingoutsideit--Recognizingindicatorsindiscourse--Identifyingthemainpointorimportantinformationinapieceofdiscourse--DistinguishingthemainideafromsupportingdetailsReadingskills\n--Extractingsalientpointstosummarize(thetext,anideaetc.)--Selectiveextractionofrelevantpointsfromatext--Basicreferenceskills--Skimming--Scanningtolocatespecificallyrequiredinformation--TranscodinginformationtodiagrammaticdisplayReadingskills\nInordertodeveloptheseskills,severaltypesofexercisescanbeused.Thesequestion-typescanhavetwodifferentfunctions.1Toclarifytheorganizationofthepassage.2Toclarifythecontentsofthepassage.\n1Toclarifytheorganizationofthepassage.Thequestionscanbeabout:--thefunctionofthepassage--thegeneralorganization(e.g.argumentative)--therhetoricalorganization(e.g.contrast,comparison)--thecohesivedevices(e.g.link-words)\n2Toclarifythecontentsofthepassage.Thequestionscanbeabout:--plainfact(directreference)--impliedfact(inference)--deducedmeaning(supposition)--evaluation\n评估(evaluation)综合(synthesis)分析(analysis)运用(application)理解(comprehension)认识(knowledge)高低Bloom\n字面类(Literal)事实类(Factual)B.推断类(Inferential)解释类C.应用类(Applied)\n阅读理解是人们对书面信息进行认知并且已构建深层理解的心理过程。阅读不是一字不漏地处理文字符号，而是通过推测、选择、验证等一系列步骤对信息进行重新加工，根据句法和上下文关系进行预测，利用原句中最少的文字信息获得最多的逻辑理解。（王三立《教与学》05。4）阅读理解主要考查学生对书面信息的理解能力，特别是获取信息的能力。\n3）充分考虑学生的实际生活，尽可能提供语义相对完整的语境和尽可能选用真实、地道和典型的当代英语素材。原则：1）根据课程标准五级的基本要求来确定考试内容，不与任何教材的具体内容相联系；2）着重考查考生在具体情景中运用所学英语知识与技能的综合语言运用能力，特别是用英语做事的能力；\n常见题型：1、主旨概括题；2、细节理解题；3、词义猜测题；4、指代判断题；5、归纳推理题；6、作者态度、意图等。题材:涉及科技、新闻、教育、环保、幽默故事、应用文等；语言应原汁原味，富有时代气息，阅读材料的词数。。。。。。\n主旨大意题：Thebesttitleofthispassagecould(would)be_______________.Thetopicsentenceofthepassageis________________.Themainpurposeofthepassageis_________________.Thewriterinthetextmainlytellsus________________.Thepassageismainlyaimedto_______________.Paragraph1mainlytellsus__________________.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingsentencecanbestdescribethemainideaofthepassage?\nWeWantYou!WANTED:Doyouwantabusyandexcitingjob?Areyougoodattalkingwithpeople?Doyouliketowritestories?DoyouwanttoworkforaTVstation?Ifyouransweris“Yes”,thenwewantyouasa(an)_________.PleasecallJohnat4223-6577.06台州卷.阅读A\n46.Theyarelookingfor_________.ateacherB.areporterC.anactorD.adriver47.Wherecanwereadthistext?Inapicture.B.Inadictionary.C.Inanewspaper.D.Inastorybook.\nVictoriaMiddleSchoolReportStudent:JennyJonesSubjectGrade*Comments*MathsBGoodworkallyear.ChineseA-Doeswellinthissubject.EnglishA+Veryinterestedandverygoodjob!ScienceCAlittleweakinthissubject.ComputerDNotreallyinterestedandneedimprove.SportsACaptainofgirls’soccerteam,andonbasketballteam.TotalGradeBDate:20/6/05Signed*:MrsBrown06台州卷A\n48.Whoseschoolreportisthis?Victoria’s.B.JennyJones’.C.MrsBrown’s.D.Wedon’tknow.49.WhichsubjectofthefollowingwasJennybestat?Maths.B.Chinese.C.English.D.Science.50.HowdidJennydoinsports?A.Verywell.B.Withproblems.C.Alittleweak.D.Notinterestedatall.\nBWhenKylewalkedintoErnie’sPetWorld,helookedveryanxious.Theshopowner,Ernie,jumpedoutofhisseattogreetKyle.Hewastheshop’sfirstcustomer*oftheday.“Goodmorning,sir!”Erniesaid,“WhatcanIhelpyouwith?”“Well,I....”Kylestartedtosay.“Wait,don’ttellme,”Erniestoppedhim.“You’relookingfora…alittledog…foryourdaughter’sbirthday.Right?”“Notreally,Ijust….”Erniedidn’tlethimfinish.“Ah,I’vegotit.Youjustmovedtoanewhouse,andyouwantsomefishforit.Ihavesomeverynicefishbowlsoverhere.”“Infact,I….”Kylewasstartingtolookverynervousandstrange.“Nofish?Ah,acat!Youlooklikeacatperson.AtErnie’sPetWorld,wehavethebestcats.Takealookatthislovelyonewithlong,whitehair.She’slookingatyou.She’sthinking,‘Takemehome.Takemehome.’Wouldyoulikesomecatfoodandtoys,too?”“No,thankyou,”Kylesaid.Bythistime,hewaswalkingupanddown.Hehadaterriblelookonhisface.“Really,I’mnotinterestedincatsorfishorlittledogs.”“Whatdoyouwant,then?”Ernieasked.Kylelookedlikehewasgoingtocry.“IjustwanttoknowifIcanuseyourtoilet!”hesaidatlast.\n51.WhichisTRUEaboutErnie’sPetWorld?A.Ithasmanyworkers.B.Kylegoesthereoften.C.Itsellsschoolthings.D.Ernieistheowneroftheshop.52.WhatkindofpersonisErnie?A.Verylazy.B.Rathershy.C.Overwarm-hearted.D.Notfriendly.53.KylewentintotheErnie’sPetWorldto_______.A.buyalittledogB.takefishhomeC.meettheshopownerD.lookforawashroom\n54.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“anxious”meaninChinese?焦急的B.兴奋的C.生气的D.失望的55.Whatisthebesttitle*ofthestory?KyleandErnieB.PetorToiletC.APetLoverD.ABusyPetShop\nCMaybeyouknowfloods,droughts,earthquakes,sandstormsandsoon.Buthaveyoueverheardoftyphoons*?Typhoonsaresomeoftheworststorms,usuallyaroundthePacificOcean*andtheSouthChinaSea.MosthappeninJuly,AugustandSeptember.Howdoesatyphoonhappen?Whenlotsofseawatergetshotinthesummersun,itevaporates*intotheair.Thismakestheairhotter.Whentheairgetswarmenough,itstartstomovehigherupintothesky.Then,coolerairarounditrushesin.Itfillsthespacethatisleft.Aftertheairgetswarmer,itstartstomovequickly,makingwind.Thewindgoesincircles,anditkeepsmovinghigherinthesky.Thewarmertheairgets,thequickerthewindmoves.Andwhenthewindmovesfasterthan30metersasecond,atyphoonbegins.Atyphoonhastwoparts.Oneiscalledthe“eye”.Intheeye,thewinddoesnotmovesofast.Theotherpartisthewallofcloudsaroundtheeye.Thisiswherethestrongestwindsandhardestrainsare.Typhoonsareverydangerous.In2004,TyphoonYunnakilled164peopleinZhejiang,and24peopleweremissing.InMay2006,TyphoonPearlhitGuangdongandFujian,andthousandsofhousesweredamaged*.Whattodowhenatyphoonhits●Stayinside.Closeallthewindowsandstayawayfromthem.●Trytobringallofyourthingsinside.Strongwindscouldevenblowawayyourbikes!●ListentotheradioorTVforimportantinformation.●Ifyou’retoldtogotoasaferplace,dosorightaway.\n56.Typhoonsoftenhappen_______.inthehotseasonB.inthecoldseasonC.onlyinChinaD.underthesea57.Whichpicturecantellthemeaningoftheunderlinedsentences“Then,coolerairarounditrushesin.Itfillsthespacethatisleft”？A.B.C.D.\n58.Whenatyphooncomes,wecannot__________.A.closeallthewindowsB.listentotyphoonnewsC.stayoutsidewithyourbikeD.stayinsidethestronghouse59.Thispassageismainlyabout_________.A.theknowledgeoftyphoonB.theeyeofatyphoonC.themostdangeroustyphoonYunnaD.thenamesoftyphoon60.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Thewarmertheairgets,theslowerthewindmoves.B.ThisyearTyphoonPearlkilled164peopleinZhejiang.C.Thestrongestwindsandhardestrainsareintheeyeoftyphoon.D.Atyphoonwillhappenwhenthewindgoesfasterthan30metersasecond.\n任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分）同学们即将升入高中学习。请你根据以下五位同学的兴趣爱好，帮助他们选定各自感兴趣的高中选修课程，并将选修课的序号（A-E）分别填入答题卷的相应空格。\nSubjectsA.PekingOperaB.AmericanhistoryC.CartoonmakingD.CookingE.Photography\n完形填空\nDidyoueverhearthisoldsaying?“Themoonismadeofgreencheese.”People1thisuntilabout1969.Thenthefirstexplorerslandedonthemoon.Welearneddifferentthingsaboutthemoon’ssurfacethen.2,wefounditwashardandrough.Ithasmanycraters(火山口).ThemoonisEarth’sonlynatural3.Itsdiameterisroughlyone-fourththatofEarth.Itsgravityismuchless.Astronautsonthemoon’ssurfacebouncedratherthan4.ThemooncirclesEarthontheaverageofonceevery29days.ItsorbitroundEarthisnotcircular;itismoreofanoval.Sothemoon’sdistancefromEarthcan5quiteabit.Sometimesitisabout250,000milesfromEarth.Othertimesitisonly220,000milesaway.ThebacksideofthemoonalwaysfacesawayfromEarth.Butthisdoesnotmeanitisalwaysdark.Themoongetsitslightfromthesun,justlike6inoursolarsystem.Eclipses(月食)ofthemoonarefairlycommon.ThesehappenwhenEarthcomes7thesunandthemoon.Thensomeorallofthemoon’slightisblocked.Usuallyweseeonefullmoonamonth.Certaintypesoffullmoonshavespecificnames.TheHarvestMoon,forinstance,isthemoonnearestthefallequinox(aboutSeptember22.Forseveraldaysafterit,themoon8soonaftersunset.Thisprovidesextrahoursoflighttofarmers9theircrops.TheHunter’sMoonisthenextfullmoonafterthat.ThelightthenisprettysimilartoHarvestMoonlight.ABlueMoonisnotreallyblue.Itisthenamegiventothesecondfullmooninamonth.Sometimestwoorthreeyeaspass10wegetaBlueMoon.\nA.usedtosayB.wereusedtosayC.wereusedtosayingD.usedtosaying2.A.AsaresultB.What’smoreC.ForinstanceD.However3.A.satelliteB.planetC.cometD.atmosphere4.A.walkB.jumpC.walkedD.jumped5.A.differentB.similarC.variousD.vary6.A.somethingelseB.everythingelseC.everyotherthingsD.someotherthings7.A.betweenB.amongC.inD.to8.A.raisesB.risesC.increasesD.floats9.A.harvestB.harvestingC.harvestedD.toharvest10.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.before\nForme,Christmasalwaysbeganinthemiddleofthecold,windymonthofNovember.MysisterAliceandIsatdowninfrontofthefireandwrotea31toFatherChristmas,tellinghimaboutallthepresentswe32.Wecarefullypostedtheletterto“FatherChristmas,theNorthPole”….ChristmasEvecame.Thewholefamilyhelpedto33thehouse,putuptheChristmastreeandblowuptheballoons*.Then,intheafternoon,whenAuntKateandmytwocousinsarrived,34wasready.Beforewewenttobed,weleftsomewineandmeatforFatherChristmasandthenputour35attheendofourbeds.Wetriedtokeep36aslongaspossibletoseeFatherChristmas,butthenextthingweknewitwas37——Christmasmorning!Wecouldn’twaitto38thestocking.Itwasnowfullofallkindsofsmallpresentsandsweets.Christmasmorningwasbrightandsunny.Aftergoingtochurch,mycousinDavidandIwentoutintothegardento39ournewpresents.Lunchwasalwayslate,butwhatalunch!Deliciousturkeywithallthevegetablesfollowedbyfruitsandicecreams.40lunch,Father,MotherandAuntrestedonthesofasinfrontoftheQueen’sspeech*onTV.Wetookoutthetoys,putonthefunnypaperhats,laughedatthejokesandplayed41.Thencametheafternoonteaandalarge42cakecoveredwithsnowmen.Itdidn’tseempossible,43westillwentoneating.Bybedtimeallofuschildrenwerevery44.AssoonasMom45thelight,weallfellintoadeepsleep.\n通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从31～45各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。Forme,Christmasalwaysbeganinthemiddleofthecold,windymonthofNovember.MysisterAliceandIsatdowninfrontofthefireandwrotea31toFatherChristmas,tellinghimaboutallthepresentswe32.Wecarefullypostedtheletterto“FatherChristmas,theNorthPole”….31.A.cardB.letterC.diaryD.composition32.A.wantedB.carriedC.soldD.borrowed\nChristmasEvecame.Thewholefamilyhelpedto33thehouse,putuptheChristmastreeandblowuptheballoons*.Then,intheafternoon,whenAuntKateandmytwocousinsarrived,34wasready.Beforewewenttobed,weleftsomewineandmeatforFatherChristmasandthenputour35attheendofourbeds.Wetriedtokeep36aslongaspossibletoseeFatherChristmas,butthenextthingweknewitwas37——Christmasmorning!33.A.repairB.buildC.chooseD.decorate34.A.somethingB.nothingC.everythingD.anything35.A.shoesB.trousersC.jacketsD.stockings36.A.awakeB.asleepC.aloneD.away37.A.morningB.afternoonC.eveningD.night\nWecouldn’twaitto38thestocking.Itwasnowfullofallkindsofsmallpresentsandsweets.Christmasmorningwasbrightandsunny.Aftergoingtochurch,mycousinDavidandIwentoutintothegardento39ournewpresents.Lunchwasalwayslate,butwhatalunch!Deliciousturkeywithallthevegetablesfollowedbyfruitsandicecreams.38.A.washB.changeC.openD.hang39.A.handinB.playwithC.throwawayD.passon\n40lunch,Father,MotherandAuntrestedonthesofasinfrontoftheQueen’sspeech*onTV.Wetookoutthetoys,putonthefunnypaperhats,laughedatthejokesandplayed41.Thencametheafternoonteaandalarge42cakecoveredwithsnowmen.Itdidn’tseempossible,43westillwentoneating.Bybedtimeallofuschildrenwerevery44.AssoonasMom45thelight,weallfellintoadeepsleep.40.A.BeforeB.AfterC.DuringD.At41.A.happilyB.carefullyC.silentlyD.slowly42.A.birthdayB.NewYearC.ChristmasD.Thanksgiving43.A.butB.soC.orD.and44.A.hungryB.tiredC.excitedD.surprised45.A.turnedonB.turnedbackC.turnedupD.turnedoff\n初中阅读教学\nReadforsurfacemeaning阅读的几个层面ReadfordeepmeaningReadforpleasureReadfordevelopmentReadingforskills\nHowtoplantatree1Thegroundmustbejustright——neithertoowetnortoodry.It’sbesttoplanttreesinspringbecauseit’swarmer.2Digaholelargeenoughforthetree.Buttheholeshouldnotbetoodeep.3Knockalong,strongstickintotheearthinthehole.Makesurethatitisstraight.4Putthetreeintheholenexttothesticksothatitisstraight.5Puttheearthbackintheholeagain.Pushitdownhardwithyourfootseveraltimes.6Tiethetreetothetopofthesticktokeepitstraight.7Wateritwell.\n知识目标1.Canrememberthefollowingwordsandexpressionsbypronunciationandspellingdigdroughtdropsoildirectlyleaffloodpreventetc.2.Canusethefollowingexpressions,idiomsindifferentsituationmakesure,sothat,hearof,tie…to…etc.3.CanusethefollowingstructureindifferentsituationsThegroundmustbejustright---neithertoowetnortoodry.Makesurethatitisstraight.Putthetreeintheholenexttothesticksothatitisstraight.\n4.Canreadtheinstructionscorrectly(pronunciation,fluency,pause)andrecitesomebeautifulsentences.5.Canunderstandthetextfurtherbyhavingactivitiesinclass\n情感目标\能力目标等\n1.WhatshouldwetakeintoconsiderationaccordingtoInstruction1?Temperature.B.Time.C.Water.D.Stick.E.Ground.2.Whydoweneedalong,strongstick?Theholeistoodeep.Theearthistoohard.Itcanhelpthetreekeepstraight.Itcankeepthewaterfromflowingaway.3.Howmanystepsdidthewritertelltofinishabouttreeplanting?\n坚持教学相长，在师生交往中发展自己；反思教学实践，在总结经验中提升自己；学习教育理论，在理性认识中丰富自己；投身教育研究，在把握规律中端正自己；尊重同行教师，在借鉴他人中完善自己。与大家共勉\nThankyou