初中英语定语从句讲解 4页

初高中英语定语从句讲解（1）一.定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose, 等； 关系副词有where,when,why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。二.关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1)Theboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromclassone. (2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldman_____________________(迷了路的).2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus. (2)Mr.Lingisjusttheboy____________________（我想要见的）.   注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys. (2)Thisisthepen____________________________（昨天他买的）.4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion. (6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor. (2)Ioncelivedinahouse____________(它的屋梁)hasfallen4\nin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3)Heclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (4)Theclassroom__________________isbrokenwillsoonberepaired. (5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow? (6)Doyoulikethebook___________________isyellow?三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句    关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1)Theschool(____________)heoncestudied______isveryfamous. (2)Theschool______________heoncestudiedisveryfamous. (3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(___________)youaskedfor. (4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine________________youasked. (5)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger(______________)wehaveoftentalked____. (6)We'llgotohearthefamoussinger____________wehaveoftentalked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等 (1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.() (2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.()2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose (1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.() (2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.() (3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.() (4)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.() 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词 (1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,_____________(两个都)areverykindtohim. (2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,____________(它们中一些)havegonebad. (3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,_____________(他们中大多数)arefrombigcities.4\n解答"介词+关系代词"类型的定语从句题时，关键在于分析定语从句中的谓语动词（该动词是不及物动词）习惯上常与什么介词搭配使用。这就需要同学们在平时学习时要注重某些不及物动词和介词惯用的情形，并要灵活运用。例如：Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom四．关系副词引导的定语从句1.when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语 (1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool. (2)Thetime________________________（我们将要聚在一起的）finallycame.2.where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语 (1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn. (2)Thehouse______________________（我10年前曾住过的）hasbeenpulleddown.3.why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane. (2)Idon'tknowthereason_______________________(她今天显得不高兴).   注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear, (2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup. (3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecity__________________（在我出生的）. 关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用，例如： Thereareoccasions___________onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。 Isthisthereason____________________herefusedouroffer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？4\n常规句子链接练习：1.AThebookisonthedesk.B.Youwanttoreadit.______________________________________________________________2.AThestudentswillpasstheexam.BTheystudyhard.______________________________________________________________3.AThisistheboy.BHisfootballwaslost._______________________________________________________________4.AIvisitedthesmalltownyesterday.BLuxunoncelivedthere._______________________________________________________________5.AIalwaysrememberthosedays.BIwashappyduringthosedays._______________________________________________________________6.ATheoldwomanhasthreesons.BTheyallworkinBeijing._______________________________________________________________8.AIclimbedthemountain.BThetopofthemountainisverybeautiful._______________________________________________________________4