初中英语宾语从句课件 32页

TheObjectClause宾语从句\nWeknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句一什么是宾语从句？试比较\nDoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClausesWeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.\n宾语从句(Theobjectclause)定义：复合句中，放在动词或介词后充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。\n宾语从句学习要点：一、引导词二、语序三、时态四、宾语从句和简单句转换五、直接引语间接引语转换六、否定转移，宾语从句的反意疑问句，标点三要素\n2.由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句。这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。e.g.1)Doyouknowwhosebookitis?（谁的，作定语）2)Couldyoutellmewhythetrainislate?（为什么，作状语）3)Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion.（谁，作主语）注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。e.g.Ihear(that)hewillbebackinanhour.1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句一.宾语从句的引导词\n3.由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句e.g.Iwanttoknowif/whethersheisright.Theydidn’tknowwhetherTomcouldcomebackornot.if/whether表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。4.If与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与ornot连用只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether介词后只能用whether\n看一看：Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.Ifitrains,I’llstayathome.Iwanttoknowwhenhewillcomeback.Whenhecomesback,pleasetellme.想一想：when和if可以引导什么从句？它们的时态有什么特点？when和if既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句。在宾语从句中，时态根据需要确定；在状语从句中，遵循主将从现的原则。\n5.If/when区别练习:1.Ifit_______(rain)tomorrow，Iwon’tcome.2.Hedidn’ttellmeifit_________(rain)tomorrow.3.Idon’tknowifhe__________(come)tomorrow.Ifhe______(come),I’lltellyou.4.Whenit________(stop)raining,we’llgoswimming.5.Couldyoutellmewhenthefilm____________(start)?I’llleaveforamoment.wouldrainrainswillcomecomesstopswillstart如果是否是否如果当…….的时候什么时候\n填写合适的引导词1Canyoutellme______youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that2Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where3Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who4Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeCABB\n5.Idon'tknow___hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when6.Doyouknow_____theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow7.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose8.Heaskedhisfriend_______togothereornot.A.ifBwhetherC.whatD.thatCAAB\nHelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.二.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。\n改一改将下列问句变成陈述句。1.Canheswim?→swim.   2.Doeshehaveapen?→apen.   3.Whichplacedidhegoto?→Whichplace.   4.What'swrongwithyou?→.   5.Whathappenedtoyou?→.   6.Whichisthewaytothestation?→.想一想为什么4，5，6语序不变？HecanHehashewenttoWhathappenedtoyouWhat'swrongwithyou说一说将上面的句子置于一个主句后，变成一个宾语从句。WhichisthewaytothestationCanyoutellme/Iwanttoknow/Iwonder/Pleasetellme……?e.g.Canyoutellmeif/whetherhecanswim?\n3.下列宾语丛句的语序是否正确。IthinkthathewillcometoChinanextyear.Iwanttoknowifhewasathomeyesterday.Canyoutellmewheredoesyourmotherwork?Doyouknowwhocananswerthequestion?Pleasetelluswhereisthehospital?yourmotherworksthehospitalisTTTFF\n三.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）\n2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghiswork.hadfinished\n确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时\n3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比\nFindoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?2SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.4Doyouknowwhocaritis?wasiswhose课堂检测5Lindasaidthemoon___aroundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveledC\n时态练习1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen3Couldyoutellmewhetherthey___adictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.areADCCouldyoutellme+宾语从句？表达的是委婉的语气，是一般现在时。\n比一比Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由wh-词引导的宾语从句←→疑问词+todo的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主(2).主(间)宾从主练一练1.Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句）→Idon’tknownext.2.Johndidn’tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）→Johndidn’tdecide.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）→Canyoutellmethebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）→Canyoutell LucytheMP5.五.宾语从句与简单句的转换①②WhattodowhichbooktobuyhowIcangettohowshecanuse\n五、直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI”.2.Hesays,“Tomisagoodstudent”.HesaidthatIwasyoungerthanhim.HesaysthatTomisagoodstudent.\n直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句e.g.Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper?”“WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall?”heasked.Sheaskedif(whether)Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper.Heaskedif(whether)theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall.\n直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系特殊疑问句变为who,what,when等引导的宾语从句e.g.1.Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”2.“Howcanwegettothepost-office?”heasked.HeaskedwhereIlived.Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost-office.\n将下列句子合并为一句:1.Wheredotheystopontheway?Iasked.2.Whatwillyouspeakatthemeeting?Couldyoutellme?3.Dotheyliketomakefriendswithus?Heasked.4.“Iamdoingmyhomework.”Hesaid.5.“Iwillcomeback.”Tomsaid.Iaskedwheretheystoppedontheway.Couldyoutellmewhatyouwillspeakatthemeeting?Heaskediftheylikedtomakefriendswiththem.Hesaidthathewasdoinghishomework.Tomsaidthathewouldcomeback.\n其它问题否定的转移：当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,suppose且为一般现在时且主语为第1人称时,其后的宾语从句的否定应转移到主句上。如：1.Idon’believeheisright.我认为他不对2.Shebelieveshedoesn'tstudyharder.3.Ithoughtthathewouldn’tcomebacksoon.4.Wedon’tthinkthatheisfitforthejob.\nTranslatethefollowingsentences.1.我认为不会下雨．I____________thatit____________.2.我认为你的答案不对.I_____________youranswer＿＿right.３.我们相信他还没走。We_____________thathe____________.don’tthinkwillraindon’tthinkisdon’tbelievehasgone\n反意疑问句：一般主谓肯否都根据主句判断：如：TheyallthinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,don'tthey?Hedidn'tthinkthatthenewsistrue,didhe?Shedidn’tsaythathewouldcomehere,________?2.当主句主语为I/we，主句动词为suppose,believe，think等，则肯否根据主句判断，但主谓根据从句判断：WethinkthatEnglishisveryuseful,isn'tit?Wedon'tbelievethatthenewsistrue,isit?Idon’tthinkheisserious,_________?Ibelievehecanfinishitontime,____________?ishecan’thedidshe\n标点符号的确定：带有宾语从句的主从复合句的标点符号取决于主句。主句是陈述句:。HeaskedmewhereIwentjustnow.问句：？Doyouknowwhenhe’llbeback?\n一、引导词if/whether区别特殊疑问句的简化：疑问词+todo二、语序whatisthematter?（怎么了？）语序不变三、时态如宾语从句表客观真理或自然现象,仍用一般现在时Couldyoutellme…?四、if,when引导宾语从句和状语从句的区别五、反意疑问句一般看主句I+think,believe,suppose,guess等主谓看从句六、否定转移宾语从句六注意：\n1.我不知道飞机为什么晚点了.Ididn’tknow_____theplane___________.2.他问我会议什么时候开始.Heaskedme_____themeeting___________.3.没人知道他是什么时候出生的.Nooneknows_____he___________.whywaslatewhenwouldbeginwhenwasborn4.老师告诉学生们太阳比月亮大Theteachertoldhisstudentsthesun__________thanthemoon.5.我不能肯定他来还是不来.I’mnotsure_______he________ornot.isbiggerwhetherwillcome\nGoodbye!Thanks