初中英语-关系代词用法 5页

关系代词用法1、Friendsarethose___makeyousmile，alwaysopentheirheartstoyouandencourageyoutosucceed.A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who2、It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedriversforpeople___getoffthebus.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.where2、It’squitecommoninBritaintosay“Thankyou”tothedrivers___peoplegetoffthebus.A.afterB.sinceC.untilD.when3、---Barbara，wheredoyouwork?　　---Iworkforacompany___sellscars.　　A.whichB.whereC.whatD.whowhich是代词，where是副词，意义不一样。在定语从句中，表示地点，介词+which相当于where。如：IstillrememberthestationwhichIfirstmetherat.(atwhich)IstillrememberthestationatwhichIfirstmether.IstillrememberthestationwhereIfirstmether.　　4、--Excuseme，canIhaveatalkwithyourmanager?　　----Yes?Iamjusttheman__youarelookingfor.　　A.whoseB.whatC.whoD.which　　5、Thebook___heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.　　A./B.whyC.whenD.whatbook为先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词应用which或that.,在从句中作宾语可省略。　　6、Theboyfor__Johnboughtthebookishisson.　　A./B.whomC.thatD.who　　7、Iliketovisitaplace__historyislong.　　A.whichB.thatC.whoseD.who5\n关系代词用法　　8、Doyouknowthewoman__nameisMary.　　A.ofwhomB.thatC.whoseD.who　　9、Ivisitedtheroom___ChairmanMaolived.多　　A.whereB.thatC.whichD.inwhich　　10、Ivisitedthebridge___Lubanbuilt.多　　A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.不填　　11、Thisisthemostinterestingstory____Ihaveeverheard.　　A.whereB.inwhichC.thatD.ofwhich　　12、Thefirstmeeting___wewilltakepartinwillbeheldintheafternoon.　　A.whatB.whyC.不填D.that　　13、Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures___Isee.(注意先行词)　　A.whereB.whatC.thatD.which　　14、Those___wanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.（先行词是one、anyone、someone、those）　　A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose　　15、Thereisanoldman___wantstoseeyou.（therebe结构先行词指人）　　A.whoB.thatC.whomD.whose5\n关系代词用法·关系代词：用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分。关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分，它在先行词和定语之间起纽带作用。主要的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which和that。①who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语；whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语；whose在定语 从句中作定语，其先行词既可以是人也可以是物。例如：Theteacherwho/whomyouwanttoseehascome.②which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 例如：Hereisthecoatwhichwillbemadetoyou.③that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ihaveeatenbreadthat/whichhegavetome.·关系代词的基本用法：（1）引导定语从句关系代词代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：ThegirlwhomIspoketoismycousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中whom既代表先行词thegirl，又在从句中作介词to的宾语。）Thisisthepencilwhosepointisbroken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)Hecamebackforthebookwhichhehadforgotten.他重新回来都忘记了他的那本书。（which指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）（2）which为其先行词。例如：Hesaidhesawmethere,whichwasalie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。（3）其他用法关系代词that在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如：I'veforgottenmuchoftheLatinIonceknew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。He'schanged.He'snotthemanhewas.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。注释：关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略，that在从句中作表语时也可省略。非限定性定语从句中，不能用that作关系代词。（主从句之间通常有逗号隔开）·关系代词的语法注意:1.常用that不用which的情况:①先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等时。Iwilldoall(that)Icantohelpyou.②先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或theonly,thevery等所修饰时。Hewastheonlypersonthatjoinedthearmyinhisvillagethatyear.③先行词既有人,又有物时Theytalkedaboutthepeopleandthethings(that)theyrememberedintheschool.5\n关系代词用法④当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时,定语从句用that引导,以避免重复。Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?2.若被修饰的名词充当从句介词宾语时介词可提前于引导词之前,此时的引导词只能用whom或which.Thepencilwithwhichhewaswritingbroke.·关系代词的用法:一、不用that的情况在引导非限定性定语从句时(错误示范)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.介词后不能用Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.二、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况a.在therebe句型中，只用that，不用which。（先行词是人的话用who）b.在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。c.先行词有theonly,thevery.（恰恰，正好）.any.few.little.no.all修饰时，只用that。d.先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。e.先行词既有人，又有物时。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、不能用关系代词Which的几种情况1.当先行词为all,little,much,few,everything,none等不定代词时关系代词用that而不用which.Therearefewbooksthatyoucanreadinthisbookstore.2.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词用that,不用which.Heaskedaboutthefactoriesandworkersthathehadvisited.3.当先行词有形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词用that,而不用which.GuilinisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesthatIhaveevervisited.4.当先行词有序数词修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.ThefirstsightthatwascaughtattheGreatWallhasmadealastingimpressiononhim.5.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.Itistheonlybookthatheboughthimself.6.当先行词被all,every,any,much,little,few,no等修饰时，关系代词用that,不用which.Thereisnoclothesthatfityouhere.7.当主句是以which开头的特殊问句时，定语从句关系代词一般用that而不用which.Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasworthreading?5\n关系代词用法8.在强调句型"Itis...that..."中,只用that,不用which.Itisinthisroomthathewasborntwentyyearsago.9.在"such(thesame)...as..."句型中,关系代词要用as,而不用which.Weneedsuchmaterialsas(notwhich)canbearhightemperature.10.表示"正如...那样"，"正像..."之意时，用as,不用which.Marywaslateagain,ashadbeenexpected.11.As引导的定语从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在主句后面或主句中间，而由which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后面。Asweallknow,oceanscovermorethan70%oftheearth.关系代词可以省略的情况:1.关系代词which,whom,who,that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。Hereistheman(who/that/whom)you'rebeenlookingfor.3.在therebe结构中出现定语从句，或在定语从句中出现therebe时，用作主语的关系代词也可省略。Thisisthebestdictionary(that)thereisinthelibrary.4.状语的省略（1）当先行词是reason，而且定语从句中作原因状语时，关系代词可用why,that,也可以省略。Thatisthereason(why)Ididit.（2）当先行词是way,且在定语从句中作方式状语时，关系代词可用inwhich,that,也可以省略。Idon'tknowthewaythat/whichleadstothetopofthemountains.（3）当先行词是time时，关系代词可用when,that或省略。Idon'tknowtheexacttime(when/that)thesportsmeetwilltakeplace.注意：关系代词作宾语有时也不能省略。关系代词不能省略情况：1.在介词+whom与介词+which中，whom,which不能省略。Thatistheheadmasterwithwhommyfatherwastalkingjustnow.2.在非限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词也不能省略。Theelephantislikeaspear,asanybodycansee.3.在thesame...as,such...as,as...as,thesame...that中，as,that即使作宾语，也不能省略Ihaveboughtthesamebicycleasyouhave(bought).(指同类用as)ThisisthesamebookthatIreadthedaybeforeyesterday.(that指同一个)4.当由and,but,or等连词连接两个或两个以上的定语从句修饰一个先行词时，第一个关系代词可省，但第二，第三个不可省略。Thisisthebook(which)IreadyesterdayandwhichIfindveryinteresting.5