初中英语被动语态 6页

初中英语被动语态　英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。学习被动语态，我们要了解以下几点：一．在哪些情况下使用被动语态。　　1.讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者时。(这时可省by短语)。　　例Mybikewasstolenlastnight.　　2.借助被动的动作突出动作的执行者。　　例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldaccepttheoffer.　　3.为了更好地安排句子。　　例Thewell-knownpersongotonthebusandwasimmediatelyrecognizedbypeople.（一个主语就够了）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。　　1.被动语态的基本时态变化以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：　1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时例Visitorsarerequestednottotouchtheexhibits.2）has/havebeendone现在完成时　　例Allthepreparationsforthetaskhavebeencompleted,andwe'rereadytostart.　　3）am/is/arebeingdone现在进行时　　例Anewcinemaisbeingbuilthere．　　4）was/weredone一般过去时　　例IwasgiventenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.　　5）hadbeendone过去完成时　　例Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasiumhadbeencompletedinBeijing.　　6）was/werebeingdone过去进行时　　例AmeetingwasbeingheldwhenIwasthere.　　7）shall/willbedone一般将来时　　例Hundredsofjobswillbelostifthefactorycloses.　　8）should/wouldbedone过去将来时　　例Thenewswouldbesenttothesoldier'smotherassoonasitarrived.2.含有情态动词的被动语态　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：　Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。　Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）　Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示：1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：　Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.　（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。　注意：Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.　（3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。　Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：　含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jacktoldusthetruth.WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.Jacktoldthetruthtous.ThetruthwastoldtousbyJack.Tomgavemeapen.(主)IwasgivenapenbyTom.(被)Tomgaveapentome.（主）ApenwasgiventomebyTom.(被)write,make,bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。Youbroughtmeabigcake.(主)Abigcakewasbroughttomebyyou.(被)Shewrotemealetter.(主)Aletterwaswrittentomebyher.(被)四．注意事项：1.主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。Iwillgivehimapen.(主)Hewillbegivenapenbyme.(被)我将给他一支笔。2.在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。1）IheardyoutalkwithPeter.(主)我听到你和彼得谈话。YouwereheardtotalkwithPeter.(被)2）Isawhercomeoutoftheclassroom.(主)我看见她出了教室。Shewasseentocomeoutoftheclassroombyme.(被)3）make/letsbdosthSbbemade/lettodosth\n3.主动语态中如用people,somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。Peopleeatwatermelonsinthesummer.(主)Watermelonsareeateninthesummer.(被)在夏天吃西瓜。4.否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。1)Youshouldnotblameme.(主)你不应该责怪我。Ishouldnotbeblamedbyyou.(被)2)Youshouldnotwritethisletter.(主)你不应该写这封信。Thislettershouldnotbewrittenbyyou.(被)5.疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。1)Doesshedrivethiscar?(主)Isthiscardrivenbyher?(被)2)Whatshallwedonext?(主)Whatwillbedonebyusnext?(被)6.祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。Openthedoorplease.(主)Letthedoorbeopenedplease.(被)7.主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。Tomhurthimself.(主)Tomwashurt.(被)8.下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：①be动词②……起来（7个）：look,sound,smell,taste,feel,seem,appeare.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.③(逐渐)变得/变成：become,grow,get,turn,come,goe.g.Hiswishhascometrue.Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.Thetreeisgrowingtall.④保持：keep,staye.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.2）happen,takeplace,breakout（爆发）,belongto,cost,take3）不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　1、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。　Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.　2、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。　3、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。　4、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。5、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。6、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。7、Thesupermarketopensat8:00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。8、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。9、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。10、Thismaterialwearswell(won’twear).这种材料耐久（不耐久）六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）　1．一般现在时（am/is/are+done）　Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。　ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。　Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。　2．一般过去时(was/were+done)　Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。　Hewassavedatlast.他最终获救了。　Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。　3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done)　Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。　Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。　Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。　4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done)　Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时，机器正在被修理。　Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。　Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一辆公共汽车。　5．现在完成时(have/hasbeen+done)　Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。　Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。\n　6．过去完成时(hadbeen+done)　Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。　Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。　Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.　他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。被动语态专项练习Ⅰ单项选择1.Goodbooks____againandagain.A.shouldbereadedB.shouldbereadC.mustreadD.oughttoread2.Thechildren____bythenurse.A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistenedC.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten4.When____theaccident_____?A.was,happenB.did,happenC.is,happenD.was,happened5.Thequestion____byussoon.A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscussC.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.A.havesetupB.havebeensetupC.weresetupD.setup8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A.hadfinishedB.havefinishedC.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown10.He____bytheteachers.A.isalwayspraisedB.praisesC.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopenC.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing15.Thewar______in1941.A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenoutC.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking18.They______dayandnight.A.aremadeworkB.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.A.wassentupB.issentupC.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.A.willhandinB.musthandinC.handedinD.mustbehandedin26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.A.beplantedB.plantC.areplantedD.willbeplanted27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.A.willputonB.willbeputonC.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon\n29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbrokenC.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven23.I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?A.preventfromB.preventedfromC.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding26.Thisbike________lastyear.A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdecidingC.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided29.Thepen_______me.Itishers.A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongtoC.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hearC.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard32．-Thewindowisdirty.—Iknow.It_____forweeks.A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompletedC.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?—Since1990.A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployedC.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?—_______.A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling37.Rainforests______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut38.Selectingamobilephoneforpersonaluseisnoaneasytaskbecausetechnology_______sorapidly.A.ischangingB.haschanged.willhavechangedD.willchange39.Hundredsofjobs_______ifthefactorycloses.A.loseB.willbelostC.arelostD.willlose40.Anewcinema_______here.Theyhopetofinishitnextmonth.A.willbebuiltB.isbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt\n初中英语被动语态专项练习()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina___onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused()6Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()7-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()8Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()9Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()10Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()11Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished()12Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()13Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()14Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't()15—Myshoesarewornout.—_______________A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()16___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()17___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do()18Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()19Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()20Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am()21Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()22Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()23Theteachermadehim___hishomework.A.todoB.doC.didD.done()24Theboy___streetswithoutpayintheolddays.A.wasmadetocleanB.madecleanC.madetocleanD.wasmadeclean()25Thesechildren____dance.A.wereseentoB.wereseenforC.wereseenD.sawto()26Thesestones___well.A.arefittedB.fitC.fitsD.isfitted()27Thebike___500yuan.A.wascostB.costedC.costD.iscosted()28Theimportantmeeting___onacoldmorninglastyear.A.washadB.washeldC.heldD.had()29Greatchanges___inthepasttenyearsinChina.A.tookplaceB.havetakenplaceC.weretakingplaceD.hadtakenplace()30Youcan'tusethecomputer,it____.A.wasbrokendownB.iswrongC.isbadD.hasbrokendown()31Greatchanges___inourcountryduringthepast20years.A.havehappenedB.happenedC.havebeenhappenedD.werehappened()32Thewatchhasoften___down.A.satB.lainC.brokenD.fell()33Pleasepassmeanothercup.Thisone___.A.isbrokenB.isbreakingC.brokeD.broken()34Thestorybooks___bythewriterinthe1960s.A.arewrittenB.werewrittenC.arewritingD.werewriting()35Whattime___thedoor___everyday?A.does;closedB.does;closeC.is;closedD./;close()36Canhe___himself?\nA.getdressB.getdressedC.getsdressedD.insteadof()37Hefellfromhisbikeand___.A.ishurtB.getshurtC.gothurtD.hurt()38Lookout,pleasekeepawayfromthefire,oryourtrouserswill__A.burntB.burnC.burningD.getburn()39Theapple___verysweet.A.istastedB.tasteC.tastesD.aretasting()40You___morebeautifulinthelightblueshirt.A.seeB.watchC.lookD.lookat()41Whatyousaid___.likeagoodidea.A.heardB.listenedC.soundD.sounded()42-WhatdoyouthinkoftheTVplay?-Wonderful.Itisworth___asecondtime.A.watchingB.watchedC.seenD.seeing()43.Howdirtythetablesare!Theyneed___.A.tocleanB.cleanC.cleaningD.cleaned()44.Thebookisworth___.A.seeingB.readingC.seenD.read()45Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended()46Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuilt‘C.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()47Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()48Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild()49Nowthesemagazines___inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()50Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()51Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()55Thebridges___twoyearsago.WOIt'saHaidiantopproblemA.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()56Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung()57Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptothrowD.stopfromthrowing()58Theteapot___water.A.isfilledwithB.filledofC.fullingofD.filled()59Oldpeoplemustbelooked^fterwelland___politely.A.speaktoB.spokenC.speakD.spokento()60Oldpeoplemust___.A.lookafterwellB.belookedwellafterC.lookedwellafterD.belookedafterwell()61Newly-bornbabies___inhospital.A.aretakengoodcareB.aretakengoodcareofC.takegoodcareofD.takegoodcare()62Theywere___atthesuddennoise.A.frighteningB.frightenedC.frightenD.frightens()63Thesewalls___stone.A.aremadeofB.madeofC.aremadeintoD.madeinto()64Jane___tosingusanAmericansonglastSaturday.A.calledB.wasaskedC.toldD.wassaid()65Thepapers___tothem.A.wereshownB.showC.shownD.haveshown()66Thecoat___hersister.A.madetoB.weremadeforC.wasmadeforD.wasmadeto()67I___fiveminutestodecidewhetherIshouldgoornot.A.gaveB.wasgivingC.hadgivenD.wasgiven()68Goodcare____suchthings.A.shouldtakeofB.shouldbetakenC.shouldbetakingD.shouldbetakenof