初中英语语法班 6页

6初中语法第三课七、介词1、介词的主要用法：2、介词的分类表：(见下表)地点(位置、范围)介词：方向(目标趋向)介词：时间介词：方式介词：涉及介词:其它介词:【目的介词】【原因介词】【比较介词】【伴随/状态介词】3、介词短语的句法作用：4、某些介词的用法辨析：⑴时间或地点介词in、on、at的用法区别：⑵after与in表示时间的用法区别：⑶since与for表示时间的用法区别：⑷by、in与with表示方式的用法区别：⑸about与on的用法区别：⑹through与across、over的用法区别：(7)as与like的区别：(8)infrontof与inthefrontof：(9)except与besides的区别：八、动词1、动词的分类：类别意义例句实义动词含有实在的意义,表示动作或状态,在句子中能独立作谓语。Shehassomebananas.她吃些香蕉。Theyeatalotofpotatoes.他们常吃土豆。I’mreadinganEnglishbooknow.我现在正看一本英文书。连系动词本身有一定的词义,但不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语。Hisfatherisateacher.他父亲是教师。Twinsusuallylookthesame.双胞胎通常看起来一样。Theteacherbecameveryangry.老师变得很生气。助动词本身没有词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态或其它语法形式,助动词自身有人称、单复数和时态的变化。Hedoesn’tspeakEnglish.他不说英语。Weareplayingbasketball.我们在打篮球。Doyouhaveabrother?你有兄弟吗？情态动词本身有一定的意义,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示说话人的语气和情态。情态动词没有人称和单复数的变化,有些情态动词有过去式。Youcankeepthebooksfortwoweeks.这些书你可以借两个星期。MayIsmokehere?我可以在这儿抽烟吗？Wemustgonow.我们现在得走了。★重要注解：(1)关于实义动词：(2)关于连系动词：①连系动词用来连接主语和表语,连系动词后面常为形容词。\n6①常见的连系动词有：be、become、look、feel、sound、smell、taste、seem、turn、grow、get、go、fall、sit、stand、lie等。(3)关于助动词：①常见的助动词有：用于进行时和被动语态的be(am,is,are,was,were,been,being);用于完成时的have(has,had,having);用于将来时的shall(should);will(would)和用于一般时的do(does,did).②助动词必须同主语的人称和数一致,也就是说因主语人称、数的不同而采用不同的形式,其中有些助动词也可作情态动词。如：shall,will,should,would.(4)关于情态动词：①常见的情态动词有：can(could),may(might),must,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared),need等,另外,haveto、hadbetter也当作情态动词使用。情态动词后面必须加动词的原形。2、动词词形变化一览表：(1)规则动词变化表：规则变化原形动词结尾情况现在时单三人称现在分词过去式和过去分词一般情况+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o结尾+es+ing+ed辅音字母+y结尾y→i,+es+ingy→i,+ed重读闭音节一元一辅结尾+s双写辅音字母,+ing双写辅音字母,+ed不发音的e结尾+s去掉e,+ing+die结尾+sie→y,+ing+d不规则变化have→has；be→is(无)(见不规则动词变化表)注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[s]、[F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz].③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id].(2)不规则动词变化表：(原形→过去式→过去分词)3、be动词的各种时态变化一般现在时一般将来时现在完成时Iam….Youare.…He/She/Itis….We/You/Theyare….(I等各人称)willbe….IamHe/She/Itisgoingtobe…We/You/TheyareIhavebeen….Youhavebeen….She/he/Ithasbeen….We/You/Theyhavebeen….一般过去时过去将来时过去完成时Iwas….Youwere.…He/She/Itwas….We/You/Theywere….(I等各人称)wouldbe….IwasHe/She/Itwasgoingtobe…We/You/TheywereIhadbeen….Youhadbeen….She/he/Ithadbeen….We/You/Theyhadbeen….注意：句型变化时,否定句在am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would后面加not,而且not都可以缩写为n’t(am后面not不可以缩写)；疑问句将am/is/are/will/have/has/was/were/had/would提前到句首。4、八种时态的具体用法：(1)一般现在时\n6一般过去时(1)一般将来时(4)现在进行时(5)过去进行时(6)现在完成时(7)过去完成时(8)过去将来时(9)现在完成进行时：情态动词练习一．选用can,could,may,must,shall,should,will,would,can’t,mustn’t,needn’t或haveto填空:1.Thereisairaroundus,thoughtwe________seeit.2.Yourmotherisgettingbetterandbetter.You_______worryabouther.3.You_______playfootballinthebusystreet.4.“_______itbetrue?.”“Yes.It_______betrueindeed.”5.Tom_______cometothepartytonight,butI’mnotsure.6._______youpleasefetchmesomewaterforme?7.Youngtrees________beplantedinspring.8.“Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?”“Yes,you______.”“No,you________.”9.“MayItakethismagazineoutofthereading-room?”“Yes,you_______.”“No,you_______.”10.PleasespeakalittleloudersothatI_______hearyou.1.Ifyouarenotcarefulinthestreet,acar______hityou.A.canB.mayC.wouldD.must2.–MayIwatchTVnow,mum?-No,you_____.You_____doyourhomeworkfirst.A.don’t;mustB.don’t;can’tC.can’t;mustD.can’t;can3.–Mr.John,wemusthandinourworktoday,______?-No,you______.Butyoumustbringittoschooltomorrow.A.needn’twe;mustn’tB.mustn’twe;needn’tC.mustn’tyou;mustn’tD.needn’twe;needn’t4.Heisn’tintheschool.Ithinkhe______beill.A.canB.shallC.must5.Children______playontheroadorinthestreet.Itisdangerous.A.maynotB.mustn’tC.couldn’tD.needn’t6.Eventhetopstudentsinourclasscan’tworkoutthisproblem,soit____beverydifficult.A.mayB.mustC.canD.need7.–Canyourideabike-No,I_____.A.maynotB.can’tC.needn’tD.mustn’t8.–MustIreturnthebookthismorning?-No,you_____.Butyou______returnitbefore\n6supper.A.needn’t;mustB.mustn’t;canC.mustn’t;mayD.can’t;need9.You____togoandseethedoctorrightnow.A.mustB.shouldC.haveD.will10.Don’tplaywiththeknife.You______hurtyourself.A.mayB.shouldC.havetoD.need11.What_____Idoforyou,madam?A.mayB.mustC.canD.will12.You’remadethesamemistakeagain.How_____youbesocareless!A.shallB.mayC.canD.must13.Peter_____comewithusthisafternoon,butheisn’tverysureyet.A.shallB.mayC.canD.must14.Don’tworry!Thenews_____betrue.A.maynotB.mustn’tC.willnotD.needn’t15.Thetraffic_____stopwhenthelightsareredinthestreet.A.can’tB.don’thavetoC.mustn’tD.must16.–Look!It_____bethenewheadmaster.-It_____behim.HewenttoBeijingyesterday.A.can;mustn’tB.can;can’tC.must;can’tD.must;may17.______Iclosethewindow?It’ssocoldhere.A.MustB.WillC.NeedD.Shall18.You_____returnthebikenow.Youcankeepittilltomorrowifyoulike.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot19.You_____yourselfaboutmoney.A.needn’tworryB.needn’ttoworryC.don’tneedworryD.needn’tbeworry20.Manypeoplewanttoseeyou._____theywaithereoroutside?A.DoB.WillC.NeedD.Shall21.____Iaskyourname,please?A.WillB.ShallC.MayD.Must22.You_____doitevenifyoudon’twantto.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.havetoD.needn’t23.I_____likesomeonetotakemetothemuseum.A.willB.wouldC.shallD.need24.Look,whatyouhavedone!You_____morecareful.A.maybeB.hadtoC.shouldbeD.should25.Thegirlinwhitemustbeanurse,_____?A.isn’tsheB.mustn’tsheC.maynotsheD.didn’tshe26.It’safinedaytoday.You_____takearaincoatwithyou.A.mustn’tB.don’tneedC.needn’tD.can’t27.You_____washyourhandsbeforemeals.Itisgoodforyourhealth.A.mayB.canC.havetoD.must28.“CanyousingthesonginEnglish?”“No,I_____.”A.maynotB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.can’t29.–Willyoustayforsupper?-Sorry,I_____.Mysisteriscomingtoseeme.A.mustn’tB.can’tC.needn’tD.won’t30.–MustIreturnthisbookthisafternoon?No,you_____.Butyou_____returnitbeforesupper.A.mustn’t;canB.can’t;needC.needn’t;mustD.mustn’t;may31.-_____thegirlbesenttohospitalatonce?-No,sheneedn’t.She’llbeallrightsoon.A.CanB.MayC.MustD.Will动词时态练习1.Neitherofus______adoctor.A.wereB.amC.isD.are2.I'lltalktohimwhenhe______.A.comeB.willcomeC.comesD.came3..We'llgoclimbingifit_____tomorrow.A.won'trainB.didrainC.isn'trainD.doesn't\n6rain4..Idon'tknowifit_____tomorrow.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israin5..Mostpeople____TV.A.enjoytowatchB.enjoywatchC.enjoywatchingD.enjoyswatching6..Father____hiscapandwentout.A.putonB.putsonC.hadputD.willputon7..Peter_____theworkinaweek.A.havefinishedB.finishesC.isfinishingD.willfinish8..Thestudents_____theHistoryMuseumifit_____finetomorrow.A.willvisit.isB.willvisitwillbeC.wouldvisitwasD.wouldvisitwouldbe9.._____she_____herlessonsatsevenyesterdayeveningA.WasgoingoverB.IsgooverC.HasgoneoverD.Willgoover10..Hecan'tgotothecinemawithmebecausehe____ameeting.A.washavingB.wouldhaveC.ishavingD.had11..Bothofthetwodictionaries____veryuseful.A.areB.isC.wasD.am12..Nobody____theanswer.A.haveknownB.knewC.didn'tknowD.areknowing13..Attheageofeleven,mygrandfather_____toworkinafactory.A.beganB.hasbegunC.willbeginD.begins14..OnedaywhileI____alongthestreet,I____someonecalling.A.walkedwashearingB.waswalkinghasheardC.waswalkinghadheardD.waswalkingheard15..NeitherInorhe_____.A.canswimswellB.areswimmingwellC.swimswellD.haveswumwell16..____you____whereyoursisterhasgoneA.DidknowB.WillknowC.AreknowD.Doknow17..Betty____morningexercisesyesterday.A.notdidB.don'tdoC.didn'tdoD.won'tdo18..Thedoorofherroom_____everyday.A.arenotcleanedB.notarecleanedC.isnotcleanedD.notiscleaned19..Anotherrailwaybridge____therenow.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.isbuiltD.hasbeenbuilt20..____thisfilm____lastweekA.DidshowB.HasbeenshownC.WasshownD.Wasbeshown21..Hetoldmethatthecomposition____byhim.A.wasnotwrittenB.notwaswrittenC.isnotwrittenD.notiswritten22._____theplay____againnextweekA.WillputonB.IsputonC.WillbeputonD.Willbeputon23..She____toahospitalatonce.A.mustsendB.mustbesentC.musttobesentD.hadtosend24..Mikeusually____upatsixinthemorning.A.getB.getsC.gotD.willget25..Thesun_____uslightandheat.A.giveB.givesC.willgiveD.oftengive26..Tomlookedsadandcried,"I____terrible!"A.amfeelingBfeelsC.willfeelD.havefelt27..Atthattime,things_____hardfortheworkingpeople.A.isB.areC.wasD.were28..Longlongago,there____afarmerinasmallvillage.A.areB.wereC.isD.lived29.We____ameetingthesedays.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.werehaving30..I____theboyintheclassroomjustnow.A.seeB.sawC.haveseenD.hadseen31..MrBlackwassurprised,"I______Ilostmywallet."A.knowB.don'tknowC.knewD.didn'tknow32..Theguardsaid,"Iamsorry.I____."A.don'tknowitisyouB.didn'tknowitisyouC.don'tknowitwasyouD.didn'tknowitwasyou33..Heisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhe\n6_____.A.growupB.growsupC.willgrowupD.isgoingtogrowup34..I'lltellhimallaboutitassoonashe____.A.comebackB.comesbackC.willcomebackD.isgoingcomeback35..____wesetoffrightawayA.WillB.ShallC.AreD.Do36..Itseemsit______.A.willrainB.shallrainC.rainsD.isgoingtorain37..Mylittlesister____sixnextmonth.A.willbeB.shallbeC.canbeD.isgoingto38.Godownthestreetandturnrightatthefirstcrossing.You_____ourschool.A.findB.willfindC.shallfindD.aregoingtofind39..It'snothingserious.Yourson____allrightbysuppertime.A.willbeB.shallbeC.isD.isgoingtobe40..Workhard,andyou____catchupwiththeothers.A.canbeB.WillC.shallD.aregoingto41.WhereisJennyShe____inthenextroom.A.dosomereadingB.doessomereadingC.isdoingsomereadingD.willdosomereading42..Look!Tom____intheriver.A.goswimmingB.goesswimmingC.goingtoswimmingD.isswimming43..Hissister_____cakes.That'swhyherhandsareallcoveredwithflour(面粉).A.makesB.madeC.willmakeD.ismaking44..Listencarefully!Canyouhearwhattheprofessor____A.talksaboutB.talkedaboutC.istalkingaboutD.willtalkabout45..What____you____thistimeyesterdayA.dodoB.aredoingC.weredoingD.woulddo46..WhenIgotthere,theBrowns____atthelunchtable.A.issitingB.aresittingC.wassitingD.weresitting47.ItsuddenlybegantorainwhileI______thebus.A.waitB..waitedC.waswaitingforD.werewaitingfor48.It____hardwhenIwasonmywaytothecinema.A.rainB.rainingC.wasrainingD.wereraining49.Thetrainwillarrive_____.A.afteranhourB.inanhourC.anhourlaterD.foranhour50.Thedayaftertomorrow____mybirthday.A.willbeB.shouldbeC.maybeD.isgoingtobe