初中英语知识要点汇总 12页

初中英语知识要点汇总（一）1.宾语从句：怎样判断出一个从句是宾语从句？在动词后作宾语(动宾):Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?划线部分是动词know的宾语..在有些接双宾结构的动词后作宾语:Heaskedmewhenwewouldleave.此句中me与从句when-分别是ask的宾语。在介词后作宾语(介宾)：Let’stalkabouthowwesolvethisproblem.在I’msorry…,I’mafraid…,I’msure…等结构后的句子也被认为是宾语从句.宾语从句需注意的时态问题:主句若是一般现在时，从句根据不同情况用不同时态。Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.（soon指将来，从句用将来时）Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.（暗指目前谁最聪明，从句用现在时）Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.（今早已过去，从句用过去时）主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.宾语从句无论有何引导词，句子都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?（不是willyou）Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)2.状语从句：此处所说的状语从句用法仅包括条件(if和unless引导)状语从句和时间(when等引导,见下文)状语从句。状语从句需注意以下问题：主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果),unless(除非)，when(当…的时候),assoonas(一…就…)，before,after,until,till,as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.（主句有情态动词）CouldyoulookaftermysonafterIleavehome?（情态动词could是为了让语气委婉，并不指过去时，从句仍用一般现在时）Iwillgooutassoonasitstopsrainingthisafternoon.（主句是将来时）Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.（主句是祈使句）第-12-页共12页\n而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用表过去时的适当时态，如：IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.3.定语从句：定语从句是指修饰前面名词或代词的句子。从句前面的名词或代词叫先行词，从句中的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。（以下所给例子凡斜体字部分均作定语从句。）Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautifulandkind-hearted.Thegirlwho/thatistallismysister.（以上关系词作主语，不可省略。）Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.（关系词做know的宾语，可以省略。）Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.(关系词whose表所属，后需接名词。前句指人，译为“这个孩子的”；后句指物，译为“这个自行车的”。）Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.（指物,作pay的宾语，可以省略。）Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.（关系词译为“这个地方”，主语，不可省）IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.（关系词译为“在这个地方”，是地点副词。）Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.（“在这一天”，是时间副词）4.wish和hope:wish既可接todosth.也可接sb+todosth.也可接that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.（注：接that从句时，从句用虚拟语气。）hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell.（接从句时不用虚拟）5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.(此句表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn’tmakesuchmistakes.(此句表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)6.感官动词用法之一：see,hear,listento,watch,notice等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形或ing第-12-页共12页\n形式。前者表全过程，后者表正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(我入睡时有人正敲门)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(听的是全过程)Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(此处有频率词often)若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：Wesawhimgointotherestaurant.→Hewasseentogointotherestaurant.Iheartheboycryeveryday.→Theboyisheardtocryeveryday.7.感官动词用法之二：look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词，后接形容词。Helooksangry.Itsoundsgood.Theflowerssmellbeautiful.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.Theyalllookedtired.这些动词都不用于被动语态。如：Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Itsoundslikegreatfun.Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.8.find和think部分用法:find/think+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况：.名词短语Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.形容词短语Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.有时宾补后可接带to不定式Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.find后也有v-ing形式作宾语补足语。Ifoundhimreadingabookjustnow.9.wouldlike/want/feellike:wouldlike，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.◇都可接带to不定式：Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.feellike:◇后也可接名词短语：Doyoufeellikesometea?◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon’tfeellikedrinkingtea.【注：feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中。】10.词序易错的短语：形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。第-12-页共12页\nWhatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.Shedoesn’tlistencarefullyenough.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?=How/Whatdoyoufeelabout…?“你对…怎么看？”(How…?句中有like，是动词。)What’stheweatherlikein…?=Howistheweatherin…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like，是介词，“像”。而How…?句中无like.)12.take,cost,pay,spend区别：It+take+sb+sometime+todosth：Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.物+cost+sb+钱：Thebagcostmethirtyyuan.若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”：Thebagcosts30Yuan.人+pay+sb+钱+forsth：Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike..(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。切记for后接的是物，而不是人或钱。)人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.spend有时可指“度过”：spendholiday/weekends/winter13.双宾结构：pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/ask/tell等可加双宾结构。也就是接sb+sth.Passmethebook,please.Hegaveussomepens.其中pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等也可接sth+tosb.如:lendthebooktome.buy,build等可接sth+forsb.Mybrotherboughtadictionaryforme.另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Pleaseshowittome.而不说showmeit.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）Keepcarefulwhenyouarelisteningtotheteacher.（斜体部分是句子，when是连词）Keepcarefulwhenlisteningtotheteacher.（斜体部分是名词短语，when是介词）类似的，while,than,before,after,as,since,until等。第-12-页共12页\n如：I’llwaituntilIhearfromher.（连词）I’llwaituntilhearingfromher.(介词)I’llwaituntilnextFriday/September/11:00.（接的都是表时间的短语，until是介词）15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:.动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作定语。TheboynamedPeterismyfriend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。此处是后置定语，划线部分起修饰作用，下同。He’seatingfriedchicken.“他在吃炸鸡。”做chicken的前置定语。Thereisnotimeleft.“没时间剩余了。”做time的后置定语。IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。做后置定语。下同。Helivesinahousebuilttwentyyearsago.他住在一个二十年前被建造的房子里。一般来说，定语部分不只一个词时，常放在名词的后面。动词ing作形容词：表示正在进行或表示功能，常作定语。thecryingboy,arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad,theboycryinginthecorner(以上表示正在进行)asittingroom,thebathingsuit,acuttingmachine,writingpaper……(本行表示功能)excited(be~dabout)surprised(be~dat)amazed(be~dat)embarrassed(be~edin)encouraged(be~edat/by)frustrated(be~dof)interested(be~edin)thrilled(be~edat)terrified(beterrifiedat/of/with)pleased(be~dwith)satisfied(besatisfiedwith)frightened(be~edat/of)tired(be~dof)bored(be~dwith)relaxed(无固定搭配)fascinated(be~dby)annoyed(be~edwith)moved(be~dby)worried(beworriedabout)confused(beconfusedabout)excitingsurprisingamazingembarrassingencouragingfrustratinginterestingthrillingterrifyingpleasing,=pleasantsatisfyingfrighteningtiringboringrelaxingfascinatingannoyingmovingworryingconfusing16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：由一些及物动词派生而来，和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。以下词凡是译为“使…”的及物动词，其ed形式的形容词都译为“感到…的”，其ing形式的形容词都译为“令人(感到)…的”。以下带-ed形式的词的各个短语一般都译为“对…感到…”。及物动词,后接人ed形式及常见短语ing形式excite（使兴奋，使激动）surprise（使惊讶，使吃惊）amaze（使吃惊）embarrass（使尴尬）encourage(使受鼓舞,鼓励)frustrate（使失望，使沮丧）interest（使感兴趣）thrill（使激动/紧张）terrify（使恐怖，使害怕）please（使高兴，使满意）satisfy(使满意)第-12-页共12页\nfrighten（使害怕，使惊惧）tire（使厌烦）bore（使厌烦）relax（使放松）fascinate（使着迷）annoy（使烦恼）move（使感动）worry（使担忧）confuse（使困惑）Hiswordsamazedme.Thenewsfrustratedusverymuch.(都是及物动词，后接人)Hiswordswereamazing.(修饰物)Iwasamazedathiswords.(修饰人)Howexcitingthefilmis!（修饰物）Hewasmovedbythemovie.(修饰人)17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语：Tobeateacherismydream.Workinghardbringsyousuccess.Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.Toplanttreesmakesmehappy.Readingbooksgivesyouknowledge.(以上各句谓语都用单数，见黑体部分)Listeningandwritingarebothdifficult.(此句主语因指两件事，谓语用复数)18.later/after/ago/before:later“…时间后”结构：时间段+later常用于一般过去时。TheywenttoBeijingfivedayslater.(later前无时间段，单独在句尾，常用于将来时：I’llseeyoulater.)after“…时间后”结构：after+时间段，常用于一般过去时，和相同。TheywenttoBeijingafterfivedays.Thedogdiedafteraweek.(after也可加句子,但主句不一定用一般过去时：I’llsendyouane-mailafterIgethome.Returnittomeafteryoufinishit.见2.)ago“…时间前”结构：时间段+ago,用于一般过去时。TheGreensmovedtoShanghaifourweeksago.Isawittenminutesago.(若有since+时间段+ago，常用现在完成时：Mr.Lihasworkedheresince5yearsago.)before单独放在句尾，常用现在完成时：“以前”IhavebeentoLondonbefore.Hehasseenthefilmbefore.(若是时间段+before,常用过去完成时，“…前”：Ihadseenthefilmtwoweeksbefore.Wehad第-12-页共12页\nfoundouttheanswertotheproblemanhourbefore.)19.四季：spring春；summer夏；autumn秋；winter冬；season季20.月：January,一月；February,二月；March,三月；April,四月；May,五月；June,六月；July,七月；August,八月；September,九月；October,十月；November,十一月；December,十二月。21.星期：Sunday,周日；Monday,周一；Tuesday,周二；Wednesday,周三；Thursday,周四；Friday,周五；Saturday,周六。Sunday是一周的第一天，Saturday是最后一天。22.“也”：either,用于否定句的末尾。also,通常挨着动词，少用于句尾。too,通常在句尾，前常有逗号。aswell,只用于句尾,前无逗号。注意：后三个词都不用于否定句。23.带to不定式用法之一：带to不定式有逻辑宾语在前时，to后动词用及物动词；不及物时需跟介词。Theworkistoohardformetodo.（work做及物动词do的逻辑宾语）Ihavenothingtosay.（nothing做及物动词say的逻辑宾语）Ihavealettertowrite.（letter是及物动词write的逻辑宾语）而以下情况有介词：Ihaveapentowritealetterwith.（用钢笔写信，所以要有“用”字，故加with.）Thezooisnotagoodplaceforanimalstolivein.（“住在动物园里”，zoo是livein的逻辑宾语，故不及物动词live加介词in.）Tomhasnofriendstotalkto.（friends是talkto的逻辑宾语，to不可少。）Herunstoofastforustocatchupwith.（he是catchupwith的逻辑宾语，带with.）Therearenoseatstositon.（坐在座位上，故sit后要加on.）24.(a)little/(a)few:few，little“几乎没有；少”否定词。few加可数名词复数,little加不可数名词。Thereislittlewaterinthebottle,isthere?(前否定，后肯定)Tomissoshythathehasfewfriends.afew“一些”肯定词，加可数名词复数;alittle“一些；一点”也是肯定词，加不可数名词。TomisnotanEnglishman,butheknowsalittleEnglish.另外，在too,very,so等词后用few,little;在only,just,still等词后用afew,alittle.而quiteafew/alittle都译为“很多”，分别相当于many和much.（注：有时alittle…..并不是固定短语。如：alittlesheep译为“一只小羊”）25.及物动词+副词：puton(穿上)/putoff(推迟)/putaway(把…整理好)/putup(举起，搭起，挂起，张贴)/putdown(放下)/putout(扑灭);breakdown(损坏，倒塌);turnon(打开)/turnoff(关闭)/turnup(调大)/turndown(关小);getback(取回);第-12-页共12页\nuseup(用光);cutup(切碎）eatup(吃光）sellout(卖完）cheerup(振作）giveaway(赠送)/giveout(发放)/giveup(放弃)/giveback(归还);pickup(捡起、拿起)tryout(验证)/tryon(试穿);ringup/callup(打电话);cleanup/out（打扫干净）;setup（成立）;thinkup（想出；想起）;handin(上交)/handout(分发；散发);fixup(修理);workout(算出)dressup(打扮);helpout(帮人解决);keepoff/keepout(阻止；挡住)；takeoff(脱下)/takeaway(拿走)/takeout(拿出);lookup(查找)/lookover(仔细查看);throwaway/off(抛弃)wakeup(叫醒);writedown(写下);letdown(使沮丧);makeup(编造、组成)；setoff(激起、触发)注：名词做以上短语的宾语，可放在它们中间或后边；而代词做宾语，只放在中间。26.as……as用法：中间加形容词和副词原级。和…一样…Hisroomisasbigasmine.HerunsasfastasIdo/me/I.Youshouldkeeptheroomascleanasyourbrother’s.as…aspossible/sbcan“尽可能…”Wewentthereassoonaspossible.Listentotheteacherascarefullyasyoucan.Hewentthereasquicklyashecould.有些短语有几个意思：assoonas和…一样快；一…就…；asmuchas和…一样多；多达；aslongas和…一样长；长达；只要；aswellas和…一样好；和…一样；asfaras远达；就…来说(as…as…在否定句中也可说so…as….)也可表示倍数：Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。27.prefer用法：prefersthtosth或preferdoingsthtodoingsth.“比起…更喜欢…”prefertodosthratherthandosth宁愿…也不愿…若单独一个prefer，和like用法类似，后接todosth或doingsth“更喜欢做某事”28.some-,any-,every-用法：some-“某～，一些～”，用于肯定的陈述句中。Ihavesomethingtotellyou.Maybesomebodyhastakenit.若用于疑问句中表示期待对方肯定的回答或表示请求或建议.Whynotasksomebodytohelpyou?Shallwegivehimsomethingtoeat?Whataboutsomemilk?Couldyoupleaselendmesomechairs?Willyoubuymesomebooks?MayIgiveyousometea?Wouldyoulikesomemilk?在一些”dosome…”短语中,即使是疑问句中,some也不变为any.如：WillyoudosomewashingnextSunday?这些短语有：dosomeshopping/cleaning/cooking/sweeping/washing等。any-,在疑问句中仍译为“某～，一些～”Doyouhaveanythingtosay？第-12-页共12页\nIsanybodyinthehouse？Haveyouseenitanywhere?在if引导的句中，常用any.如：Ifyouhaveanywater,pleasegivemesome.在肯定句和否定句中译为“任何～”Youmayputtheboxanywhereintheroom.Heistallerthananyotherstudentintheclass.Wewon’thaveanythingtoeatnow.every-“每～”，强调所有，既包括此也包括彼。Iseverybodyhere？-No，TomandLucyhaveaskedforleave.Theglasswasbroken,andthewaterwenteverywhere.29.动词时态和形式：八个时态：一般现在时、现在进行时(am/is/are+v.ing)、一般将来时(will/shall/begoingto+动词原形)、一般过去时、过去进行时(was/were+v.ing)、现在完成时(have/has+v.过去分词)、过去完成时(had+v.过去分词)、过去将来时(would+v.原形)六个形式：原形；过去式(规则的加ed)；过去分词(规则的加ed)；第三人称单数(加s/es)；现在分词(v.ing)；带to不定式。30.if/whether区别：if如果(引导条件状语从句)/是否(引导宾语从句)Doyouknowifhewillgotothepostoffice?Ifhegoesthere,Iwillaskhimtobuymesomestamps.两个if,前者“是否”；后者“如果”，观察其后时态的不同。(各见语法1、2)whether“无论”引导让步状语从句/“是否”引导宾语从句（相当于if）都译为“是否”时，whether可接ornot,也可接带to不定式。而if则不可。另外，if可接any-单词，常不接some-单词。(见语法28.)31.因为：because,常是对why的回答，语气最强。位置：Because…,…或…,because….since,表显然的或已知的理由Sinceit’salreadylate,Imustgonow.for,位置：…，for….语气最弱。Idrovecarefully,forit’ssnowing.as有时也指“因为”，用法基本无限制。AsIamill,Iwon’tgo.32.表推测：must,may,might,could,can,can’tmust“一定”，可能性最大，常用于肯定句。Thereisthedoorbell,itmustbeTom.门铃响了，一定是汤姆(来了)。may/might“也许”一般用于肯定句，may比might可能性大。Sheiscomingtous.Shemightbeournewteacher.can/could“可能”could比can语气更委婉。但can多用于否定。Youcouldberight,butIdon’tthinkyouare.Thelightintheofficeisoff.Theteachercan’tbetherenow.第-12-页共12页\n33.so与such区别：so是副词，后跟形容词/副词，sotall/slowly/carefully/young…such是形容词，后跟名词短语。suchbadweather/goodnews/beautifulmusic…;suchabeautifulgirl/animportantlesson/aheavystone/aninterestinglesson…;suchkindboys/newdesks/friendlypeople/amazingmovies/cleverchildren…;若名词前形容词是many,much,few,little时，不用such,而用so.somanyflowers/muchrain/fewfriends/littlewater…也常有“so/such…that…”句型，译为“如此…以致于…”。34.so的另两个用法：so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语，“…也”上下文所指不是同一个人或物。Thetwinsareworking,soamI.Iwillleavetonight,andsowillPeter.Ifyougothere,sowillI.(最后一句参见语法2)又如：A:Iwokeuplatethismorning.B:SodidI.so+主语+be/情态动词/助动词，“的确…是”上下文所指是同一个人或物。A:Wehavelunchatschool.B:Soyoudo.又如：A:Brucecanworkouttheproblem.B:Sohecan.（注意以上黑体字的照应）35.neither/nor用法之一：neither/nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语“…也不”上文是否定句。Shedidn’tgetwell,nordidherbrother.Timisn’tgoingtodohiswork,neitherisJohn.又如：A:Jimhasn’thadbreakfast.B:NeitherhaveI.（注意以上黑体字的照应）36.keep,make,get,have用法：keep+sb/sthdoingsth“让…一直做…”I’msorryforkeepingyouwaitingsolong.(区别：keep+doingsth“坚持做某事，一直做某事”)make+sb/sthdosth让…做某事(接动原）I’lltrytomakeyouunderstandwhatImean.IfeelsorrythatIhavemadehimwaitforlong.make若用于被动语态，原有后接动词原形要改为带to不定式(另见语法6的类似说法)：Imadehimwaitforlong.→Hewasmadetowaitforlong.get+sb/sthtodosth.让…做某事。HegotPetertobuyhimapen.have+宾语+动词原形/ing/过去分词Havehimdoit,please.让他做它吧。（him和do逻辑上形成主谓关系，do用原形。）Wehadthemachineworking.我们让机器一直工作着。（让某物一直在进行着某事。）Wehadthemachinerepaired.我们让人修理了那台机器（让机器被修理了，表被动。）第-12-页共12页\n也都可接形容词：keepsafe/busy,keepthedoorclosed/open,makeushappy,getthedoorclosed,haveeverythingready.getherearspierced.37.used短语：usedto+动原，“过去常常”Heusedtosmoke.beusedto译为“被用于…”，后接动原。Itisusedtocutthings.（主语是物）beusedto译为“习惯于…”，后接动词ing或名词/代词.（主语常是人）如：He’susedtoworkinglate.Weareusedtothecountrylife.Areyouusedtoit?beusedfor“被用于…”，后接名词或动词ing（主语也是物）如：Englishisusedforbusiness.Knivesareusedforcuttingthings.38.through/past/across区别:都可作介词，“穿过”，前常有位移动词(以下黑体部分)。Heclimbedthroughthewindowandsawwhathecouldtakeaway.（从窗户内部经过）Hewentpastmewithoutsayinganywords.（从我旁边经过）Heswamacrosstheriver.（从河的表面经过）【through,内部;past,旁边;across,表面】位移动词+past有时相当于动词pass;位移动词+across有时相当于动词cross.39.thenumberof/anumberof:前者“…的数量”；后者“许多的”都跟可数名词复数。前者作主语，谓语用单数；后者作主语，谓语用复数。Thenumberofthetreesistwothousand.（用单数谓语.另注意trees前有限定词）Anumberoftreeshavebeencutdown.（用复数谓语.另注意trees前无限定词）40.延续性动词：howlong，since，for，(以上见84）until/till等所在肯定句中的主句谓语要用延续性动词(以下划线部分)：WehavebeeninZhengzhoufortenyears.HowlongmayIkeepthisnovel?I’velivedheresince2002.Let’swaituntilhecomesback..但否定句中可用短暂性动词，如下面的see与leave：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.Theywon’tleaveuntilitstopsraining.另外，请观察以下短暂性动词转换成延续性动词的常见表达：lose→belost.start/begintodo→dogooff→beoffstart,begin→beonturnon→beonmoveto→liveinend→beoverget,buy→have,ownborrow→keepdie→bedeadgoout→beoutfallasleep→beasleepget/become+adj→be+adj.open(动词，“打开”)→beopen(形容词，表状态)arrivein,getto,reach→bein,stayinleave,goaway(from)→beaway(from)如以下例子的划线部分(并注意黑体部分的变化)：第-12-页共12页\nThedogdiedfivehoursago.→Thedoghasbeendeadforfivehours.Ilostmydictionarytwoweeksago.→Mydictionaryhasbeenlostsincetwoweeksago.HebegantoteachEnglishlastyear.→.HehastaughtEnglishforoneyear.LucyarrivedinBeijingthedaybeforeyesterday.→LucyhasbeeninBeijingfortwodays.Iboughtthisbikesixmonthsago.→Ihaveownedthisbooksincesixmonthsago.Myfriendborrowedthebooklastmonth.→Myfriendhaskeptthebookforamonth.HeleftBeijingin1990.→HehasbeenawayfromBeijingsince1990.(注意以上的“for+时间段”与“since+时间段+ago”或“since+时间点”可互换)第-12-页共12页