初中英语状语从句讲解 6页

初中英语状语从句讲解1.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.原因状语从句4.结果状语从句5.比较状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.地点状语从句2.用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。1.时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.条件状语从句(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.(2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.Hewon’tbelateunlessheis\nill.(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.3.原因状语从句(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.(2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。例如：Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.     有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。例如：Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,\n不用such。例如：Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.6.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.       (结果状语从句)7.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。例如：Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.8.地点状语从句    地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：    Gowhereyoulike.    Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【实例解析】 1.Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking. A.if B.how C.before D.where 答案：A。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。 2.---Shallwegoonworking? ---Yes,_________Iprefertohavearest. A.when B.if C.because D.though 答案：D。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。 3.Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________ theytoldusaboutit.\n A.when B.until C.after D.though 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until”这一句型。 4.---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear! ---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere. A.until B.assoonas C.since D.till 答案：B。该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas。状语从句专项练习I.填入适当的引导词1.Ihaven'theardfromhim_____hewenttoAmerica.2.Hewon'tbehere_____heisinvited.3.Hewillnotgotothecinema_____heisverybusy.4.Wefoundthekey_____sheladleftit.5.Wefoundthebookstwodays____hehadgoneaway.6.Wehadnosoonergottothestation_____thetrainleft.7.HespeaksEnglish______hewereanEnglishman.8.Heisexplainingclearly_______theycouldunderstand.9.Donotleavetheroom_____youhavefinishedthetest.10.Shesang______shewentalong.II.改错1.Thechildrenwererunningontheplaygroundasfastastheycan.2.Sinceherhusbandhaddied,soshehadtosupportherfamily.3.Hewon'tgooutuntilhismotherwillcome.4.Hewasveryfoolishthathedidn'tpasssuchaneasyexam.5.Tomhadgoneoutassoonashismothergothome.6.Itwasthreemonthssincehecametoourschool.7.Theplaygroundofourschoolislargerthantheirschool.8.ThestreetsinNanjingarewiderthanShanghai.9.Whateverthereisplentyofsunandrain,thefieldsaregreen.10.Shesingssongsasifsheisabird.III.找出从句并指出是那类从句1.Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.2.Thequestionheaskedwaswheretheelectricalequipmentshouldbestored.3.Themountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.4.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.5.Hewasnotthemanthathewasbefore.6.Nowyouwasfree,whynotgoswimmingwithus?7.Wherethereareschoolsandcolleges,thereareexaminations.8.Badhabits,oncefirmed,aredifficulttogiveup.9.Sheoftenwearsthesamekindofskirtashertwinsisterdoes.10.Themomentheopenedthewindow,abirdflewin.\nIV.填入适当的引导词完成句子1.____willdotheexperimentcomestotheprofessor'soffice.2.___willdotheexperimenthasn'tbeendecided.3.Theteacherdidn'tleave______twelveo'clock.4.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.5._____sheisyoung,sheknowsquitealot.6.Itworriedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.7.Youwillbelate____youleaveimmediately.8.Goandgetyourcoat.It's______youleftit.9.______ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.10.____hadIenteredtheroom____thephonerang.V.改错1.Isthisthewatchforwhichheislookingnow?2.ThisisallwhichIcandoforyou.3.Doyouknowtheoldmanatthebackoftheroom,whomhasbeenchosenheadofthefactory.4.Iwanttoknowthewaywhichyoulearnnewwords.5.Canyoutellmethatthere'sabookstorenearhere?6.Ourschoolquitedifferentfromthatitwasbefore.7.Ifshelikesthepresentisnotcleartome.8.Forsheisill,shehasn'tcometoschool.9.Itgavehimsoabigshockthathisfaceturnedpale.10.Heisclevererthananyboyinhisclass.参考答案：I、1.since2.unless3.because4.where5.after6.than7.asif8.sothat9.before10.asII、1.can改为could2.去掉so3.willcome改为comes4.very改为so5.assoonas改为when6.was改为is7.than之后加上thatof8.than后加thosein9.whatever改为wherever10.is改为wereIII、1.whetherwehaveenoughtime介词宾语从句2.heasked定语从句wheretheelectricalequipmentshouldbestored表语从句3.whatitusedtobe表语从句4.thatsheworkshard同位语从句5.thathewasbefore定语从句6.Nowyouwasfree让步状语从句now=nowthat7.Wherethereareschoolsandcolleges地点状语从句8.oncefirmed时间状语从句9.ashertwinsisterdoes定语从句10.Themomentheopenedthewindow时间状语从句IV、1.Whoever2.Who3.until4.As5.Although6.that7.unless8.where9.As10Hardly,when(Nosooner,than)V、1.for放在looking之后2.which改为that3.whom改为who4.which改为how\n5.that改为whether6.that改为what7.If改为Whether8.For改为Because9.so改为such10.any后加other