初中英语宾语从句讲解 34页

宾语从句ObjectClauses\n一．教学任务宾语从句学习二．教学重点1.宾语从句的概念2.宾语从句的引导词3.宾语从句中的语序4.宾语从句的时态变化\nWeknowhim．WeknowhelikesEnglish.主s主s谓v谓v宾o宾o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语主s谓v宾o简单句复合句一什么是宾语从句？试比较\n1.Iamsure(that)itisaruler.2.Ithink(that)itisabusstation.3.Wecansee(that)theyareskatinghappily.4.Doyouthink(that)itisarailwaystation?()主句()引导词()宾语从句Back\nDoyouknowwhoisthefirstChineseastronaut(宇航员)?Ourteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Pleasetellmewhereshehasgone.Idon’tknowifhewillcometonight.Let’sfindoutwhat’sontonight.FindouttheObjectClausesWeareproudofthatBeijingisoneofthebiggestcitiesintheworld.\n二、宾语从句三要素连接词时态语序\n（一）连接词1.that引导2.whether/if(是否)引导3.连接代词whowhomwhosewhatwhich4.连接副词whenwhywherehow\nhewillbebackinanhour,IhearIhear_____hewillbebackinanhour.Hewillbebackinanhour个都是什么种类的句子？A.陈述句B一般疑问句C.特殊疑问句引导词：that,whether,if,who,whom,what,which,Whose，Where,when,how,whythat引导词的选择：当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导。宾语从句主句√\n1.TheseflowerswerefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowerswerefromGuangdong.2.Lightgoesfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_______lightgoesfasterthansound.(that)(that)\n()Ithink_______youwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.howthat2.hemissedusverymuch,hesaid3.theearthmovesaroundthesun,theteachertoldusHesaidthathemissedusverymuch.Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.注：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略\n二、由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句if或whether引导由一般疑问句句变来的宾语从句。DoesMrLilivehere?宾语从句Couldyoutellme？主句DoesMrLilivehere?是什么句型？A.陈述句B一般疑问句C.特殊疑问句Couldyoutellme_________Mr.Liliveshere?Whether/if\n1.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow____________hestilllivesinthatstreet.if/whether2.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_____they________friedchicken.ifwanted3.Dotheyliketogoskiing?Heasked.Heaskediftheylikedtogoskiing.\n1.Heasked_____________________________.2.Doyouknow_________________________?3.Heasked_______________________________.4.Doyouknow_________________________?5.Pleasetellme_____________.6.Canyoutellme________________________?7.Couldyoutellme______________________?whocouldanswerthequestionwhomtheyarewaitingforwhosebikewasthebestintheclasswhenwe’llhaveameetingwhereheishowIcangettothestationwhythetrainislate三、由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which,what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾从代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。\n1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.  Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC◆◆◆◆Haveatry\nHelensaysthatshewilllearnFrenchnextyear.Doyouknowwherehecomesfrom?HeaskedmeifIcouldgettothebusstationontime.二.宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓语在后”的顺序。\n练习：将下列句子改成陈述句语序：1.Isthereabanknearhere?2.IsitonFifthAvenue?3.Aretheydoinghomework?ThereisabanknearhereItisonFifthAvenueTheyaredoinghomework\n1.Wheredidsheputhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?2.Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.3.Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow_____________atthedoorsoloudly.4.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme_______________________________..wheresheputwhathetalkedwhoknockedwhenthetrainarrives\n注：当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：What’swrong?What’sthematter?What’shappening?Whathappened?eg:Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?\n三.宾语从句中时态的变化Ihear(that)Jim(be)aworkertwoyearsago.Jim(be)anEnglishteachernow.Jim(cook)dinnertomorrow.Jim(sing)apopularsongnow.Jim(be)totheGreatWalltwice.Jim(play)basketballwhenhisfathercameback.Jim(learn)1000Chinesewordsbytheendoflastsemester.填一填wasiswillcookissinginghasbeenwasplayinghadlearned1.当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种时态。（需要性原则）\n2.当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句和从句的相互一致。（呼应性原则）1)HewillgotoHongKong.2)Heissick.3)Heisreadingabook.4)Hehasfinishedhiswork.1)HetoHongKong.2)Hesick.3)Heabook.4)HeHesaid辨一辨wouldgowaswasreadinghiswork.hadfinished\n3.当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。（特殊性原则）Hetoldme(that)SummerisafterSpring.Iwastold(that)thesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon.Myparentstoldme(that)nonewsisgoodnews.比一比\n确定从句的时态(根据主句时态)主句时态从句时态连接前连接后一般现在时时态保持不变一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时\nTheradiosaysit_________cloudytomorrow.(be)Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)Tomsaysthatthey______________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.Hesaidthatthey___________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)Heaskedwhatthey_____________ateightlastnight.(do)Theteachertoldhisclassthatlight_______fasterthansound.(travel)Ithinkyou____________aboutthemurdernow.(talk)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeentravelsaretalkingweredoingExercise:fillintheblanks\n宾语从句三要素引导词that（陈述句）if／whether（一般疑问句）特殊疑问词（特殊疑问句)时态主句为一般现在时从句可为任何时态主句为一般过去时从句一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时语序宾语从句的语序都为陈述句语序客观真理自然现象公式定理名言警句时态不变七.本课小结\n宾语从句中应该注意的问题：1.If与whether的区别2.祈使句\nIf与whether的区别Idon’tknow_____hewillcomeornot.Idon’tcareof______heishandsome.Hewondered______tostayherethenextweek.____hewillcomeisnotdecided.与or或ornot连用只能用whether介词后只能用whether与todo不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用whether\nA.Doitbyyourselves.2.祈使句Teacheraskedmetodoitbyyourselves.B.Don’tlaughatothers.Fathertoldusnottolaughatothers.C.Don’tplayinthestreet.Hewantedhimnottoplayinthestreet.祈使句不能变成宾语从句，但可以用不定式连接。④\n宾语从句与简单句的转换主主从主：当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。主（间）宾从主：当宾语从句的主语和主句的宾语相同，且主句的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn等词时，从句可简化为疑问词+不定式结构。\n比一比Idon’tknowwhereIshouldgo.TellmehowIcandoit.Idon’tknowwheretogo.Tellmehowtodoit.你有什么发现？结论：由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句←→疑问词+todo的简单句。条件：(1).主主从主(2).主(间)宾从主练一练1.Idon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.(变为简单句）→Idon’tknownext.2.Johndidn’tdecidewhichbookhewouldbuy.(变为简单句）→Johndidn’tdecide.3.Canyoutellmehowtogettothebusstop?(变为复合句）→Canyoutellmethebusstop?4.PleasetellLucyhowtousetheMP5.(变为复合句）→Canyoutell LucytheMP5.五.宾语从句与简单句的转换①②WhattodowhichbooktobuyhowIcangettohowshecanuse\nA.Hewon’tgoswimming.Ithink.4.否定前移Idon’tthinkthathewillgoswimming.B.Hedidn’tfinishit.Weguess.Wedon’tguessthathefinishedit.C.Tomcan’tdance.Webelieve.Wedon’tbelievethatTomcandance.Back！当宾语从句表示否定的意义、主句为第一人称、动词为think/guess/believe时，常将从句的否定移到主句上。◆◆◆\nⅠ.Findoutthemistakesandcorrectthem.1Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive?2SheknewthatDannyisastudent.3Hetoldmethatwinterwascolderthanautumn.4Doyouknowwhocaritis?wasiswhose六.课堂检测\n1.A.Heaskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.B.Heaskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.A.Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.B.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.A.Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?B.Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?Answer:()AAnswer:()AAnswer:()A\nCouldyoutellme?A.wherethetwinswereB.wherethetwinsareCwherearethetwinsA:Doyouknow?B:Yes,hecameherebytrain.A.whenhecamehereB.ifhewillcomehereC.whyhecamehereD.howhecamehere3.ShesayssheEnglishfortenyears.A.learnedB.haslearnedC.waslearningD.havelearned4.Theteachertoldusthattheearthround.A.wasB.isC.willbeD.wouldbe5.Tellme.A.whatwrongiswithhimB.what'swrongtohimC.whatthematteriswithhimD.what'sthematterwithhim6.Myfriendaskedme.A.whoisthegirlB.whothegirlwasC.whowasthegirlD.whothegirlⅡ.Choosetherightanswers.BDBBDB\n用宾语从句完成句子1Ihaven’tdecide().我该参加什么项目。2theytoldus().那些录像带总共花了20元.3Ireallyhavenoidea().他在暑假是否要骑车旅行。4childenwouldbeinterestedtoknow().光是否比声音跑得快。5I（）.认为他没有时间和你下棋。6shedoesn’tknow().这答案是否正确。