初中英语单词辨析 60页

Sunday周日Monday周一Tuesday周二Wednesday周三Thursday周四Friday周五Saturday周六January一月February二月March三月April四月May五月June六月July七月August八月September九月October十月November十一月December十二月\n对sorry的回答=That’sOK=That’sallright.=Itdoesn’tmatter=Nevermind没关系不用谢.=That’sOK=That’sallright.=Notatall.=Don’tmentionit.=You’rewelcome=It’sa/mypleasure.(事情发生之后)我乐意效劳Withpleasure.=Mypleasure=Iamgladto.（事情发生之前）\naffordtodo或+n买得起，担负得起常和cancould或beableto连用。Hecanaffordthewatch.Wecan’taffordtobuyacar．\nlikeas区别1as+句子。like+名词或代词。Hedrinkslikeafish.他像鱼一样地喝水。Hebeattheballhardashisfatherdid.他击球像他父亲一样地狠。Doastheteachertoldyou.按照老师告诉你的做2like像…一样（实际上不是…）as作为，以…身份（实际上是…）Hetalkedtomelikemyfather.他像父亲那样跟我谈话。（他不是我父亲）Hetalkedtomeasmyfather.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。（他是我父亲）\nbelievesb/sth/that…+句子相信（…人说的话）believeinsb相信，信任某人Idon’tbelievewhathesaid.work/studyhard努力学习hard-workingadj勤奋的掉e,加-ly的副词，terrible-terribly;true-truly;gentle-gentlyprobable—probablysharethejoyandpain/sadnesswitheachother彼此分享快乐和痛苦\n十二（一）so与的such区别‘这么’so+adj./advso…that…“如此以至于”such+n.(短语)such…that..”如此以至于”eg.1soniceapicture=averynicepicture=such/quiteanicepicture2suchbadniceweather[u]3suchnicepicturespl.注意：somany/much/few/little等表示数量的，一律用so…that，不用suchthatWehavesomuchhomeworktodothatWedon’thaveenoughtimetosleep.我们有这么多的作业要做以至于没有足够的时间去睡觉（二）Thenumberofthestudentsis50.…的数量Anumberofstudentsareverypoor.许多…\n（六）neitherof…两个都不是neither…nor…反义词bothof…两个都是both….and…noneof…≥3个都不是反义词allof…≥3个都是either(1)两者之一eitherof…either…or…(2)“也”否定句的句尾，作用相当于肯定句的tooeachof……中的每一个不能说every/nooneof\n四许多anamountof+[u]=much+[u]anumberof+[c]=many+[c]plentyof+[c][u]=alotof/lotsof+[c][u]一些some+[c][u]afew+[c]alittle+[u]Tonyis10yearsoldthisyear.Tonyisa10-year-oldboy.\n.mostly=-mainlyadv.主要地mostly大部分,主要地thought想法，看法，idea主意life[c]生命lose/takehislife失去/夺走[u]生活inmylife/inourdailylifebuild建立,建造buildupourbody增强我们的体质\n情态动词1cancouldmaymightmustneed+V不与willwould连用shallshouldwillwould+V2can’t不可能，不能mustn’t千万不能，表示禁止3情态动词的过去式与原形相比，语气更为委婉。可能性更低，有时候并不表示过去时4情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答：①Canyousing?②MayIcomein?③MustIhandinthebooknow?Yes,Ican.No,Ican’t.Yes,youmay.No,youcan’t.Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’tNo,youdon’thaveto.\n5can和may都能表示“可能性”时的区别在肯定句中用may不用can;Hemayberight.他可能对。Hemayknow.他也许知道。(2)在否定句和疑问句中用can不用mayCanitbetrue?No,itcan’tbetrue.(3)祝福…wishsbsth=maysbdo=hopethat…Mayyousucceed(v).=Wishyousuccess.(n)=Ihopeyouwillsucceed.祝你成功6oughtto否定为oughtnotto应该oughttodo=besupposedtodo=shoulddo\n代词1it,one,thatthose的区别①it指上文提到过的事物。②one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个。③that,those常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，单数用that复数用those避免重复.(1) Ihavemanybooks.Which___doyoulike?(2) Thebookismine.____isveryinteresting.(3)TheweatherinBeijingismuchcolderthan____inHainan.(4)Thepantsinthisshoparebetterthanthoseinthatshop.oneItthat\n2.it的几种特殊用法①作形式宾语或形式主语时It’seasytoclimbthehill.IfounditinterestingtolearnEnglish②不知姓别或是谁时用it,或代替天气Whoisitatthedoor?It’sJim..\nitworks=itdoes.起作用，奏效deal with=do with对付，处理Howto deal with this problem＝Whatto do with this problem怎样处理这个问题\n除了什么只能做什么.candonothingbutdohavenothingtodobutdohavenochoicebuttodo只要前面出现了do后面就不用加toEgIcandonothingbutdothehomework.无可选择不得不做什么.Hehadnochoicebuttojointheparty.除了做什么没事可做.Shehadnothingtodobutgoonworking\nhowoften隔多久一次howlong多长时间howfar多远距离howmany+【c】多少howmuch+【u】多少（钱）howsoon将来的多久之后howold几岁happyadjhappilyadveathealthilyhappinessn\n反身代词有以下常见搭配：enjoyoneself玩的开心helponeselfto随便吃…teachoneself=learnbyoneself自学byoneself单独，靠自己5killoneself自杀6makeoneselfathome随便点,别拘束7loseoneselfin…沉浸在…中8dressoneself给自己穿衣服\n（四）prefer的用法1preferdoing/todo更喜欢prefer（doing）Ato(doing)B比起(做)B更喜欢（做）A3prefertodoratherthan(to)do比起做…更喜欢做…treatvt.对待，治疗，款待treat…as…把…看作treatsb.tosth.用…款待某人\n（二）inthefield在田野里onthefarm在农场inthetree外来物在树上onthetree水果等长在树上（三）otheradj.(形容词)+名词“其余的”otherspron.(代词)不加名词“其余的人或物，别人”eachother2个彼此，互相oneanother≥3个之间彼此theother+名词“其余全部的…”theothers不加名词“其余全部的人或物”one…theother….（2个中的）一个…另一个…another+单数名词，“另一个”Pleasegivemeanothertenminutes请再给我十分钟tenmoreminutes\n1It’skindofyoutohelpme.=Youarekindtohelpme.你来帮助我真是太好了（形容人的性格，品质等，用of)2.It’sdifficultforyoutofinishit。对于你来说完成它太难了。5年后5yearslater=after5yearsin5years（将来时提问用howsoon）5年前5yearsago\n例如suchas后面不能有逗号，举多个例子可以加doingforexample后面有逗号，举一个例子lookafter=takecareof=carefor照顾careabout关心，介意\n时间介词1in(a)用于长的时间段前世纪，年，季节，周，inacentury/year/week(b)泛指的上下午inthemorning/evening2on用于具体的某一天，或某一天上下午onMaythefirstonSunday(afternoon)3at用于几点钟前athalfpastfour\n4前面不用介词的时间（a）today（今天）tomorrow(morning)明天（早上）yesterday(evening)昨天（晚上）thedayaftertomorrow(后天),thedaybeforeyesterday（前天）this,next,last,that，every等开头的时间短语Eg.this/thatyear今年/那年next/lastSunday(morning)下/上周日（上午）\n5希望：hope+that从句hopetodohopeforsth(名词)wish(sb)todowishsbsth(名词）表示祝愿WewishyouahappyNewYear.6建议advisesbtodosthsuggestdoingsthsuggest(sth)tosb把某物建议给某人suggestthat(should)+V原\n更多manymore+pl.muchmore+[u]或多音节adj.和adv.eg.manymorestudents.muchmorerice.muchmoreexpensive\n1lookfor寻找find找到具体事物find…out发现,找出来抽象的事物2lookat…看see看见3listento…听hear听见4put…on穿上wear/be(dressed)in穿着dresssb/oneself\nWho与whom的区别如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，两者皆可用；如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，放在介词后时只能用whom,不能与who通用Eg.刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？1Who’sthegirlwhom/whoyoutalkedtojustnow?2Who’sthegirltowhomyoutalkedjustnow?\n在…上面1above“在...之上”，表示位置之高,反义词为below.Theplaneisabovetheriver.2over表示垂直向上。比较精确，反义词为underThebridgeisovertheriver.3on“在...之上”，两个物体表面相接触，反义词beneath\n问天气What’stheweatherlike?Howistheweather?问星期几Whatdayisittoday?问几号What’sthedatetoday?概数millionsof…确数5million\n1too…todo太…以至于不能…so…that+句子如此…以至于…Weweretootiredtowalk.Weweresotiredthatwecouldn’twalk.2befamous/knownfor…由于…而出名befamous/knownas…(职业)作为…出名3(1)whatdoyoulike(aboutChina)?(Ilike)TheGreatWall.你喜欢中国的什么HowdoyoulikeChina?你觉得中国如何？=whatdoyouthinkofChina?It’sgreat.Ilikeitverymuch.\nVt及物动词,有被动,后面要加宾语Vi不及物动词,没有被动，后面不能加宾语vt=vi+prep(介词)reach=getto=arriveat/in到达没有被动的词1“发生”takeplace非偶然发生(vi)happentodo/tosb偶然发生(vi)2lastvi持续（Themeetinglastedtwohours.）3“出版”publish及物动词（vt），有被动comeout不及物动词(vi)，没有被动\n1in范围之内on范围之外，相邻或接壤to范围之外，不相邻2doexercise做锻炼=do/havesports[u]domorning/eyeexercises做早操/做眼保健操[c]pl.3参观visit…=payavisitto…=beonavsitto…vn.n.4liketodo/doing喜欢干…(v.)be/looklike像/看起来像…(prep介词)5welladj.身体好goodadj.好adv好，修饰动词\nwouldrather+Vthan+V“宁愿…而不愿…”ratherthan“而不是”连接两个平行结构allowdoingsth.允许干某事allowsb.todosth.允许某人干某事sb.beallowedtodosth.某人被允许干某事minddoing介意干…Doyoumindif...?(一般现在时)请求对方的许可\n含双宾语的动词（pass,give,send,show,buy,teach等）主动变为被动时,将物变为主语,人前要有介（for或to）。Hegavemeabook.Iwasgivenabookbyhim.Thebookwasgiventomebyhim.\nIheardhimsinginthenextschool.hewasheardtosinginthenextschool.③在主动语态中,动词make,let,see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice等后加V原，变成被动时，后面要加to.\n1.Herfriendsentheragiftyesterday.Agift_________heryesterdaybyherfriend.She________agiftyesterdaybyherfriend.wassenttowassent2.Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.Anewbike____________mebymyfather.I________anewbikebymyfather.wasboughtforwasbought\n1inthecorner(of…):在里面的拐角处,三角行内的角eg屋面的拐角处有一张桌子Thereisatableinthecornerofthehouse2onthecorner(of…):在拐角之上。eg在桌子角上放着个杯子Thereisacuponthecornerofthetable3athecorner(of…):在拐角外面,三角行的外角Eg请在前面的拐角处左拐Pleaseturnleftatthecornerofthehouse.inthecorneratthecorner\n1cost主语是物，花费钱Thebookcostmetenyuan.2spend主语是人，花费钱或时间spend…(in)doingspend…onsth.take主语是it，花费时间Ittakessb.sometimetodosth4pay主语是人，付钱pay…for…除了…之外accept（不包括在内）inadditionto（包括在内）\n1“许多”alotof=lotsof+名词，两可修“许多”many+[c]much[u]“一些”some(肯定句)any(否定句和疑问句)“非常，经常”alot=verymuch放在V动词后“很，非常”very=quite+adj./adv.Ilikeitverymuch.It’sverybig.2abitof=alittle+[u]“一些”afew+[c]“一些”abit=alittle=kindof+adj/adv“有点”notatall一点也不3so/toomuch+[u]这么多/太多so/toomany+[c]这么多/太多muchtoo+adj.实在太\n介词除了1besides除了……以外还有，包括在内Besides Mr.Wang,wealso went to see the film.（王先生也去了）2except只有……除外,不包括在内We all went to see the film except Mr.Wang.(王先生没去）3except for除了…(美中不足)Thecompositionisgreatexceptthewriting1besideprep.在…旁边besidesprep.除了…2includev包括includingprep包括\nput…up张贴，挂起putituponthewallput…on穿上put…away收拾好putituponthewallofmybedroom把它贴在我卧室的墙上inthechildhood在童年时期\n一Thesametoyou.给你同样的祝福thesamewithsb.和某人情况相同（两个人）thesameas…和…一样（两件东西）Thankyouallthesame还是要谢谢你allthetime一直二athirdtime=asecondtime再一次，又一次，用于将来时，事情没有做thethirdtime第三次，用于过去时三认为…是…,把…看作…regard…as…=see…as…=consider…+n./adjconsiderdoingsth考虑干…\nlookfor…寻找（动作）find找到，发现具体的东西（结果）如bagfind…out经过调查等发现抽象的东西，如result，truthStudentsshoulddoeverythingtheycan(do)toimprovetheirstudy.学生们应该做他们能做的一切去提高他们的学习成绩\n五expectsbtodosth期待某人干某事beexpectedto某人有希望干…，期待1Sheisexpectedtobeagooddoctor.她有希望成为一名好医生2Weexpectedhimtoarriveyesterday.我们原以为他昨天能到.besupposedtodo应该…=shoulddo\n六bring带来，拿来bringto,bringhere,take带去，拿去taketo,takethere,某人随身带某物takesth.withsb.carry运载,携带,没有方向carryabasketfetch去拿来(来回)notjust…but…=notonly……but（also）不但…而且…not……but不是…而是…It’sjustwhatIneed.它正是我需要的。\n七tall和high的区别⑴人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，用tall，⑵风筝，飞机等用high，⑶建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。⑷high可作副词，tall不能。⑸tall的反义词为short,high的反义词为low.\n1纸paper[u]apieceofpaper一张纸报纸newspapers[c]试卷test/exampapers[c]2三天的假期a3-dayholidaya3days’holiday请三天假askfor3daysoff\n3hopetodo希望干…hopeforsth希望得到…hopethat+句子4wish(sb)todo祝人干wishsbsth祝愿WewishyouahappyNewYear.我们祝你新年快乐5advisesbtodo建议某人干某事suggestdoingsth建议干…suggeststhtosb把…建议给…人suggestthat(should)+V原\n6inhersixties在她六十多岁的时候inthe1960s在20世纪60年代in1960在1960年onhersixtiethbirthday在她60岁生日的时候7faradj远的befarfrom…awayadv表示距离或者离开JinhuaisfarfromBeijing.金华离北京很远Jinhuais500kilometresawayfromBeijing。金华离北京有500公里距离远。Heisawayfromschoolfor5days.他离开学校有5天了。\n8尽管although与though的区别1although放在句首，though句首和句尾都可以2though可以单独放在句尾作副词3eventhough可以连用9TheweatherinBJiscolderthanthatinHK（单数用that）BJiscolderthanHK.Thestudentsinourclassstudyharderthanthoseintheirs.（复数用those）\n点滴语法1infrontof…在…外部的前面in/atthefrontof…在…内部的前面atthebackof….在…内部的后面2noise噪音makenoise发出噪音voice嗓音inalowvoice用一种低低的声音sound泛指各种声音noisyadj嘈杂的3sometime某时sometime一段时间sometimes有时sometimes几次4以-ed结尾的adj修饰人以-ing结尾的adj修饰物Iaminterestedintheinterestingnews.\n1这么大的一棵树2funn快乐的事sobigatreefunnyadj快乐的such/quiteabigtreeaverybigtree3rainnv（下）雨rainyadj有雨的4late迟到later稍后，后来latest最新的5differentadj不同的6difficultadj.困难的differencen不同之处difficultyn.困难之处\n7interestnv（使某人对…产生）兴趣take/haveaninterestinsthinterestsbinterestedadj修饰人beinterestedin…interestingadj修饰物8enough可以放在名词前或后，要放在adj,adv的后面enoughbooksbooksenoughbigenough\n1healthn.健康healthyadj.健康的=beingoodhealthhealthilyadv.健康地keephealthy保持健康2successn.成功successfuladj成功的successfullyadv成功地succeedin…v.在…方面成功,成功地干…=besuccessfulin…3usedtodo过去曾经.beusedto(doing)sth.习惯\n9luckn.运气Goodluck祝你好运luckyadj.幸运的aluckyboyluckilyadv.幸运地是，可以单独放在句首luckily,hewasnotbadlyhurt.unluckily不幸地10diev.死亡过去式died,不能与一段时间连用dyingadj.垂死的deadadj.死的deadlyadj.致命的adv.非常deathn.死亡thelittledog’sdeathHedied2yearsago.Hehasbeendeadfor2years.\n11photo=Photograph照片photography摄影photographer摄影师12movingadj令人感动的movedadj（人）被感动的movementn运动\n3pleasevt使人高兴,取悦+sb,祈使句“请”pleasedadj人高兴的(修饰人)bepleasedwith…pleasantadj使人高兴，愉快的（修饰物）pleasuren.高兴It’smy/apleasure.4livev居住（in）adj现场直播的aliveadj活着的，不能放在名词前修饰名词livelyadj活泼的，生动的livingadj有生命的livingthings生物lovelyadj可爱的don’thaveto=needn’t不需要\n1祈使句的反义疑问句一般情况用wilyou注意let’s…,shallwe？letus…,willyou?2穿bein+颜色=wear…穿着（状态）put…on穿上（动作）dresssb给…穿衣服be(dressed)in穿着3because+句子becauseof+短语\n代替,而不是insteadof…介词短语，后面要加宾语insteadadv.放在句尾，单独使用Hegoestoschoolbybikeinstead(ofbycar).replace动词代替5lonelyadj心里孤独的aloneadjadv独自，一个人地MustI…?回答Yes,youmust.No,youneedn’t.\n就近原则either…or…或者…或者….neither…nor…既不…也不..notonly…butalso…不但…而且…Therebe句型