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.初中英语浅谈初中英语学习语法与技巧很多人认为学英语是为了考试,其英语实际水平可想而知;误认为英语不过是由“发音、语法、句子和词汇”组成的。认为只要学习“发音、语法、句子和词汇”就能学好英语。事实上,如果为达到有效交流的目的,比英语的发音、语法、句子最重要的部分,是掌握英语学习的正确方式、方法和技巧。而有了正确的方法,就好比汽车有了方向盘,就可以少走弯路,学习起来也就是“多快好省”,事半功倍了。正确的方法,可以是自己从不断的“摸爬滚打”当中总结而来,也可以是得到名师的指点,往往名师的指点很重要,因为我们一开始学习,很难掌握一条有效的学习方法,更不用说是正确的方法了,这时候就要多请教过来人,多听听前辈的指点,一定会大有益处。1、每天学习8-10个英语单词。也就是注意生活中的英语。随时随地对英语保持敏感的耳朵和眼睛。这样,无意中你就可以积累很多单词。记住,不是在专门学英语的时候学习到的英语是最容易记住的!2、注意对英语的态度应该是:appreciate,即该是欣赏,而不是厌恶它。平时,可以听些英文歌曲,看些英文原版电影。在轻松的环境中学习英语,有利于培养学习英语的兴趣,也有利于形成欣赏英语的习惯。3、注意英语学习的积累。英语学习是水磨的功夫,靠突破基本是没有多大的效果的。因为英语考试是一种水平考试,所以应该注意平时的积累。每天只要有可能,可以读读、听听、看看英语,实在没有时间,可以每天背些单词。4、当然及时的复习、预习英语就更重要了。背诵英语的作用非常大,也许你自己感觉不到。可是,背得多了,语感也形成了,选择、阅读、写作都在慢慢地提高。背诵受益无穷,即使背不上,也一定要保证熟读课文!下面从听、说、读、写四个方面分别谈:1.听。说实话,听力是最能在短期内提高的一项。即使是这样,也注意平时的训练。听力可以分为粗听和细听。细听:(1)首先,appreciateEnglish(包括语音语调发音等等(我个人觉得标准的英语soundverybeautiful),从心底喜欢英语,这样你就会将学英语当作一种乐趣。听到英语时也会自然将耳朵竖起来,慢慢地树立自己的信心。当听到English时,心里就想:我肯定能听懂的!(2)听完之后,可以repeatit!(3)repeatitseveraltimesandtryyourbesttorecitethewholesentenceandpassage!粗听:主要是为了磨耳朵,不要求听懂,听个大概就可以了。在选材上,可以选生词多些的文章,可以在路上,在睡觉前听,为的是能够听出英语的节奏和感觉,甚至于你可以感觉它的重音在哪个单词上,用心去听,去体会!2.说。对于英语的口语,一定要敢说,多练!我接触好多人,虽然他们英语发音不是很标准,(但我们能听懂),但他们却讲得很流利。这肯定源于他们平时敢讲,敢练,即使发音不是很标准,用词不是很准确,但他们仍然敢于讲出来!所以,对于口语,抓住每个机会,大胆地与别人交流,当然如果有外国人在场,你一定要和他聊聊,即使是简单的几句,即使讲得不是很标准,不是很准确(记住口语的最大功能是communicatewithotherpeople,所以只要别人能明白,不用担心你的用词和发音)。只要你讲出来,你就是成功的,你比别人有勇气,有胆量,这在口语中是最重要的!...\n.当然,在有勇气讲出来的前提下,可以尽量注意发音的标准和用语的准确(可以在听、说、读中慢慢学习、纠正)有的时候,没有合适的场合讲英语时,甚至可以尝试着和自己讲英语,甚至在生活中无论碰到什么时,你可以想想这用英语怎么表达。3.读。对于英语的阅读:第一,平时训练自己快速阅读的能力看看能否在短时间内抓住一篇文章的大意;第二,再集中攻克这些平时泛读的材料,整理其中的生词。学会阅读方法:阅读短文应遵循由整体到细节的原则,按“全文、段落、句子、词语”的步骤阅读文章。可采用通读、细读和复读的方法找到最佳答案。一般的阅读方法是:1、快速浏览所读文章,注意文章的标题、副标题、引言,抓住整篇文章的主题思想。2、大多数文章或段落的主题思想常常通过主题句给出,所以要十分注意文章和每一个段落的开头和结尾。3、碰到生词难句不要中途停顿,要通过上下文猜词悟义,从整体去理解文章。4、如果文章的主题不是以主题句形式给出,应从上下文连贯意思来理解全文,看作者主要谈的是什么,通过哪些方面进行阐述、最后总结、归纳出主题。5、对短文所提供的线索或暗示进行分析、归纳和推断。提高阅读能力先从阅读理解开始,有了一定的阅读理解的积累之后再进行完型填空和首字母填空的训练。可以说:‘阅读理解’是基础,‘完型填空和首字母填空’是提高与运用。完型填空和首字母填空是升学考整卷中要求最高的,也是学生感到最不易得分的。正确的方法应该是:1、通读全文,了解中心意思。2、细读全文,根据文章的意思及文中语义、语法、逻辑和搭配上的要求来推测要填的词。动词要注意时态、语态、数量,名词要注意单复数,形容词或副词要注意比较级和最高级等。3、复读全文,校对答案。在通读、细读和复读中,复读尤为重要,通过复读来审视、推敲答案,提高答题命中率。只要同学们完善学习方法,学会活学活用知识,就一定能考出满意的成绩。4.写。平时可以尝试着用英语写写日记,即使很简单,只要你尝试了,并且持之以恒,慢慢地你就会发现自己在提高!总之,英语的听、说、读、写是浑然一体的,是互相影响的,密切联系的,相互促进的,切勿将四部分的关系分割开来!初中英语语法重点1.词类:1)名词2)形容词3)副词4)动词5)代词6)冠词7)数词8)介词9)连词10)感叹词2.构词法:1)合成法classroom,something,reading-room2)派生法worker,drawing,quickly,careful, kindness,cloudy,unhappy3)转化法hand(n.)—hand(v.)dry(adj.)—dry(v.)3.名词1)可数名词和不可数名词2)名词的复数3)专有名词4)所有格4.代词1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式3)反身代词myself,himself,ourselves,etc.4)指示代词this,that,these,those5)不定代词some,any,no,etc.6)疑问代词what,who,whose,which,etc.5.数词基数词和序数词...\n.6.介词词汇表中所列介词的基本用法7.连词词汇表中所列连词的基本用法8.形容词1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法2)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法(1)构成-er,-est;more,themost(2)基本句型as+原级形式+as.notas(so)+原级形式+as.比较级形式+than.the+最高级形式+in(of)9.副词1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法2)疑问副词when,where,how3)比较等级(原级、比较级、最高级)构成-er,-est;more,themost(2)基本句型as+原级形式+as.notas(so)+原级形式+as.比较级形式+than.the+最高级形式+in(of)10.冠词一般用法11.动词1)动词种类(1)行为动词或实义动词1及物动词2不及物动词(2)连系动词be,look,turn,get,become,etc.(3)助动词be,dohave,shall,will,etc.(4)情态动词can,may,must,need,etc.2)时态(1)一般现在时Igetupatsixo’clockeverymorning.Hedoesn’tspeakRussian.Theyareverybusy.Themoonmovesroundtheearth.Whenyouseehim,tellhimtocometomyplace.IwillgotoseeyoutonightifI’mfree.(2)一般过去时Igotupatfiveyestday. ( 3)一般将来时 1. shall ( will)+动词原形 I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon. She will be here tomorrow. 2. be going to+动词原形 I’m going to help him. ( 4)现在进行时 Weare reading the text now. They’re waiting for a bus. ( 5)现在完成时 I have already posted the letter. They have lived here for ten years....\n. * ( 6)过去进行时 We were having a meeting this time yesterday. The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her. * ( 7)过去完成时 We had learned four English songs by the end of last year. The film had already begun when I got to the cinema. She said that she had not heard from him since he left Beijing. * ( 8)过去将来时 He said he would go to the cinema that evening. Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday. 3)被动语态 ( 1)一般现在时的被动语态 English is taught in that school. ( 2)一般过去时的被动语态 The song was written by that worker. ( 3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态 She must be sent to hospital at once. 4)动词不定式 * ( 1)作主语 To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language. ( 2)作宾语 They began to read. ( 3)作宾语补足语 Jim asked me to help him with his lessons. We often heard her sing. * ( 4)作定语 I have an important meeting to attend. ( 5)作状语 She went to see her grandma yesterday. ( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后 I don’t know how to use a computer. Do you know when to start? He didn’t know what to do next. 12. 句子种类 1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式) 2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句) 3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式) *4)感叹句*13. 句子成份 1)主语 Betty likes her new bike. He gets up early every day. To learn a foreign language is not easy. 2)谓语 We work hard. The boy caught a bird. He is my brother. They all look fine. 3)表语 Her sister is a nurse. It’s me. I’m ready....\n. He got angry. We were at home last night. His cup is broken. 4)宾语 Tom bought a story-book. I saw him yesterday. He wanted to have a cup of tea. 5)直接宾语和间接宾语 He gave me some ink. Our teacher told us an interesting story. 6)宾语补足语 Call her Xiao Li. You must keep the room clean. John asked me to help him. 7)定语 This is a green jeep. This is an apple tree. Are these students your classmates? Winter is the coldest season of the year. I have something to tell you. 8)状语 You are quite right. She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. He stopped to have a look. 14. 简单句的五种基本句型 第一种 主语+连系动词+表语 ( S+V+P) The bike is new. The map is on the wall. 第二种 主语+不及物动词 ( S+V) He swims. 第三种 主语+及物动词+宾语 ( S+V+O) Children often sing this song. 第四种 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO) She showed her friends all her pictures. 第五种 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+C) We keep our classroom clean and tidy. 15. 并列句He likes maths, but he needs help. I help him and he helps me. 16. 复合句 1)宾语从句 He said ( that) he felt sick. I don’t know whether ( if) she still works in thefactory. I take back what I said. I can’t tell who is there. Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is? 2)状语从句 The train had left when I got to the station. I’ll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I’m free. The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help....\n. The earth is bigger than the moon. He was so tired that he couldn’t walk on. * Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job. Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily. *3)定语从句 Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt. Show me the picture that you like best. Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.初中英语常用词组1.初中英语教材中共出现近500个词组,其中有一部分为常用词组,要求能熟练运用。2.在学习中,要注意词组的积累,特别要注意介词词组和短语动词的积累。3.对固定词组的意义,切不可望文生义。例如,动词look愿意为“看”,但lookafter意为“照料”,lookup(awordinadictionary)意为“(在词典中)查找(单词)”。4.要十分注意固定词组中冠词的使用。有时冠词可引起词义的变化,例如,gotheschool意为“上学”,而gototheschool意为“到学校里去”;takeplace意为“发生”,而taketheplace意为“取代”。有些词组中须用冠词,而另一些则不用。例如,intheevening,atnight。一、动词词组(包括短语动词)、介词词组和其他词组(一)由be构成的词组1)beback/in/out回来/在家/外出2)beathome/work在家/上班3)begoodat善于,擅长于4)besurprised(at)对……感到惊讶5)beinterestedin对……感到举6)beborn出生7)beon在进行,在上演,(灯)亮着8)beabletodosth.能够做……9)beafraidof(todosth.that…)害怕……(不敢做……,恐怕……)10)beangrywithsb.生(某人)的气11)bepleased(with)对……感到高兴(满意)12)befamousfor以……而著名13)bestrictin(with)(对工作、对人)严格要求14)befrom来自……,什么地方人15)behungry/thirsty/tired饿了/渴了/累了16)befree空闲的,有空17)be(ill)inbed卧病在床18)bebusydoing(with)忙于做……(忙于(二)由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、looke、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组19)comeback回来20)comedown下来21)comein进入,进来22)comeon快,走吧,跟我来23)comeout出来...\n.24)dosomeshopping(cookingreading,cleaning)买东西(做饭菜,读点书,大扫除)25)doagooddeed(gooddeeds)做一件好事(做好事)26)domorningexercises做早操27)doeyeexercises做眼保健操28)dowellin在……某方面干得好29)getup起身30)geteverythingready把一切都准备好31)getreadyfor(=bereadyfor)为……作好准备32)giveatalk作报告33)givealecture(apianoconcert)作讲座(举行钢琴音乐会)34)giveback归还,送回35)give……someadviceon给……一些忠告36)givelessonsto给……上课37)givein屈服38)gotoschool(college)上学(上大学)39)goto(the)hospital去医院看病40)goover过一遍,复习/gooverto朝……走去41)gofishing/skating/swimming/shopping去钩鱼/滑冰/游泳/买东西42)gohome(there)回家去(去那儿)43)goonwithone'swork继续某人的工作44)goupstairs/downstairs上/下楼45)(thelights)goout(灯)熄了46)hadbetterdosth.(notdosth.)最好做……(最好不要做……)47)haveawordwith与……谈几句话48)helpsb.withsth.helpsb.dosth.在……方面帮助……帮助……做49)keepsb.doingsth.使……一直做……50)keepone'sdiary记日记51)makeanoise(alotofnoise,muchnoise,noises)吵闹(十分嘈杂,响声)52)makealiving谋生53)makesb.dosth.迫使某人做……54)makefaces(aface)做鬼脸55)makefriends(with)与……交朋友56)lookup往上看,仰望57)lookafter照管,照看,照顾58)lookat看着……59)puton穿上(衣服),戴上(帽子),上演(戏剧)60)putup建造,搭起,挂起,举起,张帖61)putinto使进入,输入62)sendout放出,发出63)endup把……往上送,发射64)takeone'sadvice听从某人劝告65)takeawalk/rest散步/休息66)takeiteasy别紧张67)takesth.withsb.随身带着...\n.68)turndown(把音量)调低69)turn…over把……翻过来70)playwithsnow玩雪一、定义与讲解 一般现在时:表示经常性的事情,经常性的动作或一般性事实。 时间状语:often经常,usually通常,always总是,every每个,sometimes有时,at…在几点钟 只有在第三人称单数用动词的“三单变化”,其他用动词的原形。 三单变化:1.多数在动词后+s play—plays like—likes (1)直接在动词词尾加-s. ask---asks work---works get---gets stay---stays (2)以字母s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在词尾直接加-es. watch---watches wish---wishes fix---fixes do---does go---goes pass---passes (3)以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词,要先变y为i再加-es. try---tries study---studiescry---cries fly---flies 2.不规则变化: be----is are have----has 二、一般现在时用法 1.表示经常性,习惯性,永久性的动作或存在的状态.通常与副词sometimes,often,usually,always,everyday(year,month),once(twice,threetimes)aday,等时间状语连用。 Theyusuallygotoschoolbybike. Itakethemedicinethreetimesaday. Shehelpshermotheronceaweek. Mary’sfatherisapoliceman. Thereare50studentsinmyclass. 2.表示客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,等客观事实或格言,谚语等。 Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewesteveryday. ThemanwhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotarealman. TomorrowisTuesday. 三、一般现在时的句子转换: (1)当句子中有be动词或情态动词时,则把be动词或情态动词(can,could等等)提到主语的前面变成疑问句;在be动词或情态动词后面加not变成否定句. 例:①陈述句:Sheisastudent....\n. 疑问句→Issheastudent? 否定句→Sheisnotastudent. ②陈述句:Icanswim. 疑问句→Canyouswim 否定句→Icannotswim. (2) 当句子中即没有be动词,也没有情态动词时,则在主语前加助动词do(you,以及复数),does(单数she,he,it)变成问句;在主语后谓语动词前加助动词don’t(I,you,以及复数),doesn’t(单数she,he,it)变成否定句,助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。 例:①陈述句:Wegetupat7:00everymorning. 疑问句→Doyougetupat7:00everymorning? 否定句→Wedon’tgetupat7:00everymorning. ②陈述句:Shehasalittlebrother. 疑问句→Doesshehavealittlebrother? 否定句→Shedoesn’thavealittlebrother. (一).用动词的适当形式填空 1.She_________(go)toschoolatseveno’clock. 2.It’s6 o’clock.Theyare_________(eat)supper. 3.Heusually___________upat17:00.(get) 4.She___________(live)inBeijing. 5.Amy_________(be)herejustnow. 6._______(be)thereafly onthetablejustnow? 7.Myfather__________(watch)TVeveryevening. 8.Myfather_______________(make)toysthesedays. 9.?________Amy_________(read)Englisheveryday 10.ChenJiesometimes_________(go)totheparkwithhersister. (二).选择填空 1.Iwant____homeworknow.A.doing B.todo C.todomy D.domy 2.It'stime______. A.gotoschool B.playgames C.togohome D.todomyhomeworks 3.______goandhelpher. A.Let'sme B.Let'sus C.Let's D.Let'sto 4.Dotheyhaveanewcar?Yes,_____. A.theyare B.theyhave C.theydon't D.theydo 5.Heoften_________supperat6:00intheevening. A.have B.has c.ishaving D.iseating 6.We_____________anyChineseclassesonFriday. A.arehaving B.aren’thaving C.don’thave D.arehave...\n. (三)、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。 1.Heoften_________(have)dinnerathome. 2.DanielandTommy_________(be)inClassOne. 3.We_________(notwatch)TVonMonday. 4.Nick_________(notgo)tothezooonSunday. 5.they_________(like)theWorldCup? 6.Whattheyoften_________(do)onSaturdays? 7.yourparents_________(read)newspaperseveryday? 8.Thegirl_________(teach)usEnglishonSundays. 9.SheandI_________(take)awalktogethereveryevening. 10.There_________(be)somewaterinthebottle. 11.Mike_________(like)cooking. 12.They_________(have)thesamehobby. 13.Myaunt_________(look)afterherbabycarefully. 14.Youalways_________(do)yourhomeworkwell. 15.I_________(be)ill.I’mstayinginbed. 16.She_________(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday. 17.LiuTao_________(do)notlikePE. 18.Thechildoften_________(watch)TVintheevening. 19.WangKaiandWangli_________(have)eightlessonsthisterm. 20.-Whatday_________(be)ittoday? -It’sSaturday. 1. Weoften___________(play)intheplaygound. 2. He_________(get)upatsixo’clock. 3.__________you_________(brush)yourteetheverymorning. 4.What__________(do)heusually (do)afterschool? 5.Danny__________(study)English,Chinese,Maths,ScienceandArtanschool. 6.Mikesometimes__________(go)totheparkwithhissister. 7.Ateightatnight,she__________(watch)TVwithhisparents. 8.________Mike________(read)Englisheveryday? 9.Howmanylessons_________yourclassmate________(have)onMonday? 10.Whattime_________hismother_________(do)thehousework? 1.Doyouoftenplayfootballafterschool?(肯定回答) 2.Ihavemanybooks. (改为否定句) 3.GaoShan’ssisterlikesplayingtabletennis(改为否定句) 4.ShelivesinasmalltownnearNewYork. (改为一般疑问句) 5.IwatchTVeveryday.(改为一般疑问句) 6.Davidhasgotagoal.(改为一般疑问句) 7.Wehavefourlessons.(否定句) 8.Nancydoesn’trunfast(肯定句) 9.Mydogrunsfast.否定句:...\n....