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初中英语八种时态\n一、一般现在时(simplepresenttense)1.形式一般现在时通常用动词原形来表示。be动词用am、is、are。主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化规律:一般动词后加-s;以s、x、ch、sh结尾,加-es;以辅音字母加o结尾,一般加-es;辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加-es。\n2.用法a.表示经常发生的动作或现阶段的习惯性行为,常与时间状语often,usually,always,everyday,sometimes,seldom,never等连用。Ineverdomyhomeworkintheevening.Sometimesweplayfootballontheplayground.Heseldomlistenstomusic.b.表示现在的事实或状态。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.IlikeEnglishverymuch.c.表示格言,科学事实和客观真理。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.凡事总是由难而易。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25isChristmasDay.\n3.句式肯定否定疑问回答Helikeseggs.Hedoesn’tlikeeggs.Doeshelikeeggs?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.Iwantanapple.Idon’twantanapple.Doyouwantanapple?Yes,Ido./No,Idon’t.\n4.做题时常见错误如下:一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例:Weareplant(plant)thetreesinspring.二、单三人称形式易出错例:1.Heplays(play)footballverywell.2.Dannygoes(go)toschoolat7:10.三、在句式变换时易出错例:1.DoesJennyhas(has)agoodfriend?2.Briandoesn’tlives(notlive)inChina.四、对do的理解易出错例:Wedon’t(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.五、对主语的数判断有误例:LiMingwithmeare(be)inBeijing.另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。\n5.中考真题及模拟(2009东城区一模)Mary___________thepianowell.Sheisoftenaskedtoplayattheconcert.A.playB.playsC.playingD.played(2009海淀区一模)Mymotherwilltakemetothemovieifshe_________freethisweekend.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.wouldbe(2009崇文区一模)Thegirlswillhaveatripifit_________fine.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen(2008北京)He’llsendusamessageassoonashe________inSichuan.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.arrivedD.arrives(2007武汉)——Whatdoyoudo?——I’manengineer.I_____inacompanyinWuhan.Ilikemyjobverymuch.A.workB.hadworkedC.willworkD.worked(2006武汉)—Isyourfatheradoctor?—Yes,heis.He__________inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked(2006陕西)Everyyearmanyforeigners_________toChinatolearnChinese.A.havecomeB.comesC.cameD.come\n二、现在进行时(presentcontinuoustense)1.构成be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词\n2.用法a.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。Heiseatinganicecream.他正在吃冰激凌。Let’swait.Thechildrenarecrossingthestreet.b.表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作(说话时不一定正在进行)。Weareworkingonafarmthesedays?这些天我们在一个农场干活。c.表示位置移动或趋向的词,如go,come,start,leave,arrive,move等常用进行时表将来。HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.I'mcoming!What'sthescorenow?我就来!现在比分是多少?Wearemovingtoabighousenextmonth.下个月我们将搬到一所大房子里。d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.\n3.现在分词的构成规则1)一般情况,在动词后加ing,例词work-working,study-studying,go-going2)以不发音的e结尾,去e再加-ing,例词have-having,live-living,take-taking3)重读闭音节,只有一个辅音字母结尾,双写该辅音字母,再加-ing,例词cut-cuttingstop-stopping,forget-forgetting,begin-beginning4)以ie结尾,变ie为y再加-ing,例词die-dying,lie-lying,tie-tying\n4.形式肯定句 否定句 疑问句 简要回答Iamstudying.Iamnotstudying.AmIstudying?Yes,Iam/No,Iamnot.\n5.一般现在时和现在进行时的区别(1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,现在进行时表示正在发生的行为。a.Heiscleaninghisroomnow.他在打扫房间。Hecleanshisroomeveryday.他每天都要打扫房间。b.TheyarevisitingChina.他们正在中国观光。TheyoftencometoChinaforavisit.他们经常来中国观光。(2)一般现在时表示现在的状态。Helikesjiaozi.Theyhavealotoffriends\n考例:Mr.Smith________shortstories,buthe________aTVplaythesedays.A.iswriting…iswritingB.iswriting…writesC.writes…iswritingD.writes…writes6.中考真题及模拟(2009崇文区二模)Don’tturnofftheradio.I_______tothenews.A.listenB.havelistenedC.listenedD.amlistening(2009朝阳区一模)——HaveyouseenMr.Smith?——Yes.Look,he________hisbikeoverthere.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleaningD.hascleaned(2009海淀区一模)——Where’sSusan,Mike?——She_________inthekitchen.A.cooksB.cookedC.iscookingD.hascooked(2009西城区一模)——Haveyougotajoboffer?——Notyet.I___________.A.waitedB.amwaitingC.waitD.waswaiting(2009宣武区一模)——DoyouthinkJohnwillhelpmemovethepiano?——You’dbetternotaskhim.He__________acomposition.A.writeB.writesC.iswritingD.wrote(2009崇文区一模)——Where’sthechildren,MrBlack?——Oh,they_________theirPElessonontheplayground.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad(2008北京)Don’tturnontheTV.Grandma____________now.A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps\n(2007北京)——Whatareyoudoing,Cathy?——I’m__________mycat.Ican’tfindit.A.lookingforB.lookingatC.lookingupD.lookingafter(2006北京)——What’syourbrotherdoinginhisroomnow?——He____________akite.A.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.willmake(2005北京)---WhereisFranknow?---He_______hisbikeintheyard.A.fixesupB.fixingupC.isfixingupD.fixed(2008辽宁)——Mary,couldyouhelpme?——Waitamoment.I_________.A.readabookB.didmyhomeworkC.waswatchingTVD.amcookingdinner(2007浙江)——Listen,who_________intheroom?——Let’sgoandsee.A.iscryingB.cryingC.cryD.criesThey________about“SupperVoiceGirl”.let’sjointhem.A.talkB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.talked(2006山东威海)——Areyouababy-sisterhere?——No.I__________afterthebabyinsteadofMsGreen.Sheisawayforshopping.A.lookB.amlookingC.havelookedD.looked\n三.一般过去时(simplepasttense)1.概念一般过去时表示过去某一时刻,某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。\n2.构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。be的过去式有was,were两种;have的过去式是had;规则动词的过去式在动词词尾加-ed,具体构成规则如下:1)一般情况,动词后加ed,例词work-worked,clean-cleaned,play-played,wash-washed2)以不发音的e结尾,-d,例词live-lived,move-moved,hope-hoped,arrive-arrived3)以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加-ed,例词study-studied,carry-carried,cry-cried,identify-identified4)以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed,例词plan-plannedstop-stopped,beg-begged,grab-grabbed\n3.用法(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。如:Hewentshoppingwithhisfriendslastweek.Theyarrivedtenminutesago.Hebecameahotelmanagertenyearsago.Didyougototheconcertlastnight?(2)表示在过去经常发生的动作或习惯动作。如:Hevisitedhisgrandparentsonceamonthlastyear.Sheusuallywenttoworkbycarlastyear.WhenIwasatschool,Ialwayswenttoschoolbybus.\n4.如何识别一般过去时常见的标志词有:1).yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday.2).lastweek/year/month/term…(简称last系列)3).twohoursago,threeyearsago,amomentago…(简称ago系列)4).in/on+过去的年/月/日,如in1999,onApril,20055).justnow,onceuponatime,oneday…\n5.易错点例析:(1)——Yourphonenumberagain?I_________quitecatchit.——It’s4331577A.didn’t B.couldn’t C.don’t D.can’t(2)——Mr.Smithisn’tcomingtonight.——Buthe_________.A.promises B.promised C.willpromise D.hadpromised(3)——Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!——Oh,I’mterriblysorry._________.A.I’mnotnoticing B.Iwasn’tnoticing C.Ihaven’tnoticed D.Idon’tnotice(4)——Ohit’syou!I_________you.——I’vehadmyhaircut.A.didn’trealize B.haven’trealized C.didn’trecognize D.don’trecognized(5)——Sinceyou’veagreedtogo,whyaren’tyougettingready?——ButI_________thatyouwouldhavemestartatonce.A.don’trealize B.didn’trealize C.hadn’trealized D.haven’trealized(6)——It’stwelveo’clock,IthinkImustbeoffnow.——Oh,really?I_________itatall.A.don’trealize B.haven’trealized C.didn’trealize D.hadn’trealizedKey:ABBCBC\n6.中考真题及模拟(2009朝阳区一模)Hewentintohisroom,_______thelightandbegantowork.A.hasturnedonB.willturnonC.turnsonD.turnedon(2009海淀一模)——What’sthebestfoodhaveyouhadinBeijing,Alex?——Roastduck!I_________toafamousrestauranttohaveitlastweek.A.havegoneB.goC.willgoD.went(2009宣武区一模)——Doyouknowhowmanygoldmedalsthe23-year-oldMichaelPhelps_____________atthe2008SummerOlympicGames?——Eight.A.winB.winsC.wonD.haswon(2008北京)WewereinQingdaolastweekand__________greatfunthere.A.willhaveB.havehadC.hadD.have(2007北京)——Whatdidyoudoafterschoolyesterday?——I_________basketballwithmyfriends.A.playB.playedC.willplayD.amplaying(2005北京)---Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.What’sthematter?---I______welllastnight.A.didn’tsleepB.don’tsleepC.haven’tsleptD.won’tsleep(2008四川泸州)Yesterday,Tony’sfamily_________agoodtime.A.hasB.haveC.had(2007湖南湘潭)I’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It_______10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleft\n(2007福州)——MrGreen,__________you________ThreeLanesandAlleys(三坊七巷)lastSunday?——No,butI’llvisitthemnextweek.A.will;gotoB.have;beentoC.did;gotoD.have;goneto(2007浙江)——Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?——He__________usnottoplaycomputergamesallday.A.tellsB.toldC.hastoldD.istold(2007江西)——Inventorshavechangedthewaywelive.——Sotheyarefamousforthegreatthingsthey_________.A.doB.didC.aredoingD.haddone(06江西)——Where’sthecakeImadethismorning?——We_______it,mum.Canyoumakeanotheroneforus?A.ateB.eatC.willitD.wereeating(2006天津)——Haveyoumendedyourshoes,Bob?——Yes,I_________themtwentyminutesagoA.havemendedB.mendC.hadmendedD.mended(2006威海)——Theofficewasbrokenintolastnight.Someonethinksyoudidit.——ButI___________thewholenightwithmybestfriend,John.A.spendB.amspendingC.spentD.hadspent\n四.一般将来时(thefuturetense)用法:表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。Iamgoingto/willwatchafootballmatchthisevening.\n形式:(1)“begoingto/助动词will/beto+动词原形”,主语是I、we时,助动词也可用shall.begoingtodo表示根据计划或安排将要做某事,也可表示根据目前情况判断很有可能但不是注定会发生某事;will/shalldo表示根据计划或安排将要做某事,也可以表示不以人的意志为转移的客观规律,betodo表示根据计划或安排将要做某事,也可以表示征求对方意见,还可以表示必要性或可能性。Eg.Hewillgotohishometownnextweek.Theyaregoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.(2)come,go,start,move,sail,leave等非延续性动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事。Eg.Thewholefamilyisgoingfortwoweeks.全家要去两个星期。Mysisteriscomingtoseeme.She’llbeheresoon.(3)在时间或条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Eg.I’llgotoseeyouifitdoesn’traintomorrow.\n常用的时间状语:tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nexttime,“in+一般时间”,fromnowon,later(on),soon等。\n中考真题及模拟(2009朝阳区一模)I________tothebookshopassoonasschoolisoverthisafternoon.A.willgoB.havegoneC.goD.went(2009西城区一模)——When_______________forHongKong,doyouknow?——I’mnotsure.Whenhe__________,I’llletyouknow.A.heleaves;leavesB.willheleave;willleaveC.heleaves;willleaveD.willheleave;leaves(2009崇文区一模)——WherewilltheygonextSunday?——They___________totheGreatWall.A.willgoB.goC.hasgoneD.went(2007北京)I_______theCDstoyouifIhavetimetomorrow.A.willreturnB.returnedC.havereturnedD.return(2005北京)Frank______afilmifhe’sfreenextSaturday.A.seeB.sawC.hasseenD.willseeIwanttoknow______thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedidD.whatdidhedo\n(2008襄樊)——Hashereturnedthelibrarybookyet?——Notyet.Don’tworry.He_________itsoon.A.returnedB.hasreturnedC.willreturnD.returns(2007河南)——Lookatthenoisykids!——Haven’tyouheardthesaying“Whenthecatisaway,themice______.”?A.playB.playedC.areplayingD.willplay(2006厦门)Hedoesn’ttellmewhenhe__________.I’llcallyouupassoonashe__________.A.willcome,arrivesB.comes,arrivesC.willcome,willarrive(2006常德)Ifit_____________tomorrow,we_______traveloutside.A.willrain;willB.rains;won’tC.willrain;won’t(2006江西)——Jim,canyouhelpmetowashthedishes?——Sorry,Dad.I____________totheshop.A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.havebeen(2008广东)Ihearthathewillbeback______twoweeks’time.A.atB.inC.afterD.for\n五、现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense),现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也最难掌握的一个时态,同时也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点.\n基本构成“have/has+过去分词”其中have/has为助动词,构成疑问句时,可将其提前;构成否定句时,可直接在其后加not.助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。\n2、主要用法现在完成时主要有两种用法,一种是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法;另一种是未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是:1).已完成用法(影响性用法):表示动作发生在过去某个不太确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果,同时说话者强调或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果.还可表示刚刚、已经做完某事,曾经或未曾做某事。常与already,just,yet,ever,never,thepastfewyears,before等连用,如:Hasshefoundhercarkey?她找到她的车钥匙了吗?(对现在的影响或结果:她能开她的车了吗?)----Haveyouhadlunchyet?----Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadit.你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航员已经去过月球了。Ihaven’treadyournovelyet.我还没有读你的小说。Hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.他过去从未开过车。Haveyoueverbeenateacher?你当过教师吗?Ourhometownhaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.我们家乡在过去的几年里变化很大。\n2).未完成用法(持续性用法):该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。常有下列标志:for+时间段(tenyears,alongtime等);since+时间点(twoo’clock,August2003,等);recently,sofar,uptonow等。如:Howhaveyoubeen?你近来怎样?Shehasbeenateacherfor20years.她已当了20年的老师。HowlonghaveyoubeeninShanghai?你在上海已经多久了?Ihaven’tseenhersincelastweek.自上周以来我一直未见过她。Imethimin1975andhaven’tseenhimsincethen.1975年我见过他,但自那以后就一直未见到他。注:1.除以上用法外,现在完成时还可表示过去的重复动作甚至将来动作。如:Hehasalwaysgonetoworkbybike.他总是骑自行车上班。I’llgotobedwhenI’vefinishedmyhomework.我做完作业后就上床睡觉。2.表示时间长度时,通常用一般现在时代替现在完成时。如:It’salongtimesinceImetyoulast.好久不见了。It’saboutsixmonthssincewearrivedhere.我们到这里大约有半年了。\n、注意现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1)现在完成时的已完成用法很容易与一般过去时相混淆,其区别是:前者强调对现在的影响和结果,后者不强调这个影响和结果,而是强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去。如:I’velivedherefortenyears.我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)Ilivedherefortenyears.我在这里住过10年。(现在不住这儿了)Hashegotup?他起来了吗?(着眼现在情况)Didyougetupveryearly?你起得很早吗?(着眼动作本身)I’vegotnonewsfromhim.我没听到他的消息。(不知道他的情况怎样)IgotthenewsfromJim.这消息我是从吉姆那听来的。(单纯谈论动作)2)过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。\n一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek,…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,always,thepastfewyears共同的时间状语:thismorning,tonight,thisApril,once,before,already,recently,lately例:1.TheteacherwasalreadyintheroomwhenIarrived.我到的时候,老师已经在屋里了。2.Ihavealreadywaitedtwoyears.我都等了两年了。3.Ihaven'tseenhimrecently.我最近没有看到他。4.Irecentlymovedtothisarea.我最近搬到这一带来了。5.----Haveyoumethimtoday?-----No,Ihaven't.今天你见过他吗?我没有。6.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethisyear?今年你去过那里多少次?\nEND