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情态动词复习\n定义:表示可能、愿意、愿望、建议、必要、允许等语气的动词是情态动词。语法特征 1)情态动词不能单独做谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。 2)情态动词除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to的不定式。 3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词,等形式。12\ncan(could)1)表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。Canyouplaythepiano?(技能)你会弹钢琴吗?Marycanspeakthreelanguages.(知识)Mary会讲三种语言。Canyouskate?(体力)你会滑冰吗?Shecouldn'tcomeyesterdaybecauseshewasill.她昨天不能来是因为她病了。1\n注:此时可用beableto代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而beableto则有更多的时态。I’llnotbeabletocomethisafternoon.今天下午,我将不能来。当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用beableto,不能用Can。如:Hewasabletogotothepartyyesterdayeveninginspiteoftheheavyrain.昨天晚上尽管下大雨他能去参加聚会。\n2)表示请求,允许。---CanIgonow?---Yes,youcan./No,youcan’t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。---CouldIcometoseeyoutomorrow?---Yes,youcan.(No,I’mafraidnot.)\n3)表推测可能。CoulditbeHenry?可能是亨利吗?can和may二者强调意思不同。can强调客观上的可能性,而may则强调主观上的推测或判断。如:Mancannotlivewithoutairorwater.没有空气和水,人不能活着。Shemaybeinthelibrary,Isuppose.我认为:她也许是在图书馆里。注:表示可能时,could比can可能小。\n1)表示推测可能,但不肯定(用于肯定句)1.Afevermaycauseaheadache.发烧可能会导致头疼。2.Hemightgetthereintime.他可能会及时赶到那里。注:might比may可能性小,更具有不确定性。may(might)2\n2)表示允许和征求同意(肯和疑问句)。否定回答可用can’t或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。1.MayIsmokeinthisroom?No,youmustn’t.2.MayItakethisbookoutoftheroom?Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.)3.MightIuseyourphone?我可以用你的电话吗?注:表请求时,Might比May语气更委婉。\n3)might是may的过去式(用于间接引语中)Shesaidshemightgohomelater.她说她可能晚点回家。注:句型Can\May\Could\MightI...?表示请求对方许可。其中Can语气最不正式;Could语气较客气;Might用于正式场合较恭敬;Might比更客气。MightIhaveyouremailaddress?肯定Ofcourse.\Yea,youcan\may.否定No,youcan't\maynot.\n.must1)表示义务,意为“必须”,(肯,否)表说话人的主观看法。Youmusttakecareofyourparents.你必须照顾你的父母。注:在回答问句时,否定回答,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t或don’thaveto(不必).3\n3.must--Mustwehandinourhomeworktoday?今天我们必须交上作业吗?--Yes,youmust必须.--No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.不,没有必要.\n2)must的否定式,mustnot=mustn't表不许,禁止youmustnotplayontheroad.\n3.must3)表推测、可能.意“一定。准是(肯)这封信一定是她笔友寄来的。放学了,吉姆一定在家里。1.Thelettermustbefromherpenpal.2.Schoolisover.Jimmustbeathome.\n4)表劝告,必要性你必须多锻炼。youmustdomoreexercise.\n5).must和haveto的比较两词都“必须”的含义,但侧重点不同:must强调说话者主观看法,haveto强调客观的需要。Mybrotherwasveryill,soIhadtocallthedoctorinthemiddleofthenight. 我弟弟病得很厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)Hesaidthattheymustworkhard.他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must没有。Hehadtolookafterhissisteryesterday.昨天,他不得不照顾他的妹妹。\n在否定结构中:don‘thaveto表示“不必”mustn’t表示“禁止”,Youdon‘thavetotellhimaboutit.你不必把此事告诉他。Youmustn’ttellhimaboutit.你一定不要把这件事告诉他。haveto有人称、数、时态的变化,而must没有。Ihadtoborrowsomemoneyatthattime.那时,我只好借些钱。\n4、shall和should的基本用法shall表征询意见,用于第一人称疑问句中。1.Whatshallwedothisevening?今晚我们将要做什么?2.ShallItakeyoutothehospital?要不要我带你去医院?(1)shall用法\n(2)should的用法(2)表示“应该”,表劝告、建议;Youshouldgotoseeadocter.你应当去看医生。Youshouldn’talwaysstayathomeandplaycomputergames.你不应该总是呆在家里玩电脑游戏。否定:shouldn't或shouldnot。(1)表义务。Weshouldsavewater.我们应该节约用水。Weshouldprotecttheenvironment我们应该保护环境。\nwill指将来,would指过去将来。(1)在陈述句中表意愿。Iwilldomybesttohelpyou.我定会尽力帮助你。ItoldtheteacherthatIwouldgoalongwithher.我对老师说我要跟她一起去。5.will和would的基本用法(2)表示请求、邀请或个人的看法想法Willyouhelpmesendtheletter?帮我把这封信寄走好吗?Wouldyoupassmethatbook?请把那本书递给我好吗?\n表建议或征求对方意见时,用Wouldyou…?比用Willyou…?更婉转。如:Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?请让门开着好吗?Will/Wouldyougowithme?你愿意和我一起去吗?5.will和would的基本用法\n相关短语wouldlike表示愿意Iwouldliketohaveawordwithyou.我想同你说句话。wouldrather…than…宁愿……也不愿……Iwouldratherfailthancheatintheexamination.我宁愿考不及格,也不愿意考试作弊。\n6.need的基本用法如:NeedIrepeatit?需要我重复吗?肯定回答:Yes,youmust/you have to。否定回答:No,youneedn't/youdon’thaveto.You needn‘t worry.你不必担心need作情态动词,表必要性,无人称或数的变化, 后接动词原形,多用于问句和否定句中。need一般问句的肯定回答用must或have to,否定回答用needn't,\n—Must I do the work now? 我必须现在干这个活吗? —Yes, you must /have to.---No, you needn't /don't have to.由must引出的一般疑问句,肯定回答用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。如:\nNeed做实义动词NeedsthNeedtodosthNeeddoing=needtobedone表被动否定:don’tneed注:need作实义动词时,有人称、数和时态的变化,后接动词不定式(todo)。Youneedtoshowyourschoolcard.你需要出示校卡。Yourjacketneedswashing.I'mafraid.我想你的夹克该洗了。\n7.hadbetter用法提建议。意为“最好”。如:Youhadbettergotoseeadocter.你最好去看医生。否定形式:hadbetternotdoYouhadbetternoteatspicyfood.你最好别吃辛辣的食物。\n8.usedto的用法意为“过去常常,曾经。表示过去的习惯动作或状态,且这种情况现在不复存在。\nusedto的各种句式:否定句:sb.didn’tusetodosth./sb.usedn’ttodosth.Eg:Hedidn’tusetogetupbefore6:30./Heusedn’ttogetupbefore6:30.一般疑问句:Didsb.usetodosth.?/Usedsb.todosth.?答语:Yes,sb.did.No,sb.didn’t./Yes,sb.used.No,sb.usedn’t.\n把下列句子改为否定句和一般疑问句,并作肯定和否定回答。Mybrotherusedtogoswimminginthesea.否定句:Mybrother___________________togoswimminginthesea.一般疑问句:______yourbrother___________swimminginthesea?Yes,_______.No,_________.一般疑问句:_____yourbrother______swimminginthesea?Yes,_________.No,___________.didn’tuse/usedn’tDidusetogohedidhedidn’tUsedtogoheusedheusedn’t\n【例1】—Where'sMrLi?Ihavesomethingunusualtotellhim.—You____findhim.He______Japan.[2003黑龙江]A.maynot,hasgonetoB.maynot,hasbeentoC.can't,hasgonetoD.can't,hasbeentoC【例2】—CouldIlookatyourpictures?—Yes,ofcourse。you_________.[2003武汉]A.couldB.canC.willD.mightB典型例题解析\n【例3】—WhereisJack,please?—He______beintheclassroom.[2003杭州]A.canB.needC.wouldD.mustD【例4】TheboysaidhehadtospeakEnglishinclass,buthespeakitafterclass.[2003,广州]A.couldB.didn'thavetoC.mightD.shouldn'tB典型例题解析\n【例5】Thesebooks_________outofthereadingroom.Youhavetoread,themhere.[2003,辽宁]A.can'ttakeB.mustbetakenC.cantakeD.mustn'tbetakenD典型例题解析\n1._________Iopenthewindow?It'shothere.A.MustB.ShallC.WillD.Would2.GoandaskMrLiu.He_________tellyou.A.mayB.canC.wouldD.could3._________youpleasetellmethetimeplease?A.ShallB.WillC.MayD.Might4.—_________Itryoutalltheideas?—No,you_________.A.Must,mustn'tB.Need,needC.Must,don'thavetoD.Must,don't5._________IspeaktoMrGreen,please?A.WillB.CouldC.MustD.WouldBABCB课时训练\n6.HesaidKate_____cometotheparty.ButIdon'tthinkso.A.couldB.mightC.needD.must7.—NeedIdomylessonsrightnow?—Yes,you_________.A.needB.canC.shouldD.must8.—Wouldyouliketogoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?—I'dloveto.ButI'mafraidI___.Ihavetoomuchworktodo.A.can'tB.mustn'tC.needn'tD.maynot9.Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbish_________intotheriver.A.needn'tbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrowBDAB课时训练\n10.Don'tworry!Wecangettothebusstationintimeand_________theearlybus.A.don'tmissB.canmissC.willmissD.won'tmiss11.—Pleasedon'tmakeanynoiseinthereadingroom.—_________A.Sorry,Iwon't.B.Sorry,Ican't.C.Yes,Iwon't.D.OK,Ididn't.12.—MustIreturnyourdigitalcameratomorrow.Tina?—No,you_________.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.won'tACD课时训练\n13.—Wouldyoulikesomemore?—_________I'mfull.A.Yes,please.B.I'dloveto.C.No,Iwouldn't.D.No,thanks.14.You_________swiminthispartofthelake.It'sdangerous.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.won't15.—Youre-mailaddressagain?I______quitecatchit.—HrZhou@263.com.A.don'tB.can'tC.won'tD.didn'tADD课时训练\nThankyou!