初中英语语法大全 51页

RevisionofJuniorEnglish初三英语复习\n规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词3)重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时双写加–er或–est\n单音节词和少数双音节词4)以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加–er或–est\n不规则变化good/well–better–bestmany/much–more–mostlittle–less–leastfar–farther–farthest(far–further–furthest)bad/badly/ill–worse–worst\n2)表示三者或三者以上（人或事物）的比较用最高级，最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，后面可带of（in,among）短语来说明比较的范围\n3)在表示“和······一样······”和“不及······”这类概念时，可以用“as+原级+as”和“notas（so）+原级+as”的句型\n4)可用much,still,alittle,even,far,threeyears等表示程度的状语来修饰比较级\n2.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越······就越······”*Themore,thebetter.越多越好。THE+比较级。。。THE+比较级。。。\n选择()1Whogetshomeusually____inyourfamily?A.thelatestB.laterC.earlyD.aslate()2Themorewelookedatthepicture,____.A.welikeitlessB.thelesswelikeditC.betterwelikeditD.itlookedbetter()3Whatapity.Lucyran____thanLily.A.afewmoreslowlyB.alittlemoreslowlyC.muchmoreslowlyD.littleslowlierABB\n()4Don’tworry.Yourbabyislookedafter____here,thenursearevery____.A.careful,carefullyB.carefully,carefulC.care,carelessD.careless,care()5Theideabecame____.Hewantedtotry____.A.strangly,itoutB.strangly,outitC.strange,itoutD.strange,outit()6Beijingis____biggestcitiesinChina.A.thefirstB.oneofC.thesecondD.secondBCC\nPronouns代词\n代词的分类人称代词PersonalPronouns物主代词PossessivePronouns反身代词SelfPronouns不定代词IndefinitePronouns指示代词DemonstrativePronouns疑问代词InterrogativePronouns\n人称代词PersonalPronouns数单数复数人称一二三一二三主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyourthem\n1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格*Theyalllikehimverymuch.他们都很喜欢他。*Shegavethebookstoyouandme.这些书是她送给你和我的。\n2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格*Who’sknockingatthedoor?–It’sme.谁敲门？-是我。3.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为“第二人称，第三人称，第一人称”*You,sheandIallenjoythemusic.你我她都喜欢音乐。\n4.she可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等*Weloveourmotherland,wehopeshe’llbestrongerandbigger.我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。*Theshipisleaving.She’sonherfirsttriptoBoston.轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去波士顿。\n5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等*What’theweatherliketoday?–It’swindy.今天的天气怎么样？-有风。*It’saboutfiveminutes’walkfromhometoschool.从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。\n6.it可作为形式主语，将不定式、动名词等构成的主语后移，使句子显得平稳*It’shardtoreachtheapples.很难够到苹果。*It’sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper.对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。\n物主代词PossessivePronouns形容词性名词性mymineyouryourshishisherhersitsitsouroursyouryourstheirtheirs\n1.形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语*Mybrotherisaworker.我弟弟是个工人。*Hisparentsareveryfriendly.他的父母非常友善。\n2.名词性物主代词在句中可作表语、主语和宾语*Whosedictionaryisthis?–It’smine.这字典是谁的？-我的。*Ourroomisbigandtheirsissmall.我们的房间大，他们的房间小。*Youmayusemypen.I’llusehers.你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。\n3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系：形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词注意：名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数。*Thesebooksaren'tours.Oursarenew.(ourbooks=ours)*Thisisnotourroom.Oursisoverthere.(ourroom=ours)\n4.“of+名词性物主代词”表示所属*Asisterofhisisanurse.他的一个妹妹是个护士。*Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友\n反身代词SelfPronouns单数myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves\n1.反身代词在句中可以作宾语、表语和同位语*Hethinksmoreofothersthanofhimself.他想到别人比想到自己更多一些。*Thatpoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。*Hehimselfwasadoctor.他本人就是一个大夫。*Imyselfcanworktheproblemout.我能亲自算出这道题\n2.反身代词有以下常见搭配enjoyoneself=haveagoodtimebyoneself=alonehelponeselfto…learnsth.byoneself =teachoneselfsth.注意：oneself有单复数之分*Ienjoymyself.*Children,helpyourselvestosomefish.\n不定代词IndefinitePronouns不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词★all,each,every,both,either,neithernone,one,little,few,many,muchother,another,some,any,no★由some,any,no,every等构成的合成代词\n几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1.some/any★some（一些,某）一般用于肯定句中*Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse.★any（一些,任何）多用于疑问句和否定句*Doyouhaveanypicture-books?\n注意：some有时也可用于表示请求、征求意见的疑问句中*Wouldyoulikesomemeat?你想要些肉吗？*MayIasksomequestions?我可以问问题吗？*CouldIhavesomeapples?我可以吃苹果吗？*Willyougivemesomewater?你能给我些水吗？\n2.many/much★many修饰或指代复数名词*Therearemanyeggsinthebasket.*Manyofuslikeplayinggames.★much修饰或指代不可数名词*Hedoesn’tknowmuchEnglish.\n3.another/other★another泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个*Idon’twantthiscoat.Pleaseshowmeanother.★other后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的*Doyouhaveanyotherquestions?\n4.theother/others/theothers★theother1.特指两个中的另一个*Hehastwosons.Oneisaworker,theotherisadoctor.2.修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些*Tomlikesswimming,andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming,too.\n★others泛指其他的人或物*Heoftenhelpsothers.*Someareplayingbasketball,othersareplayingfootball.★theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物*Therearefiftystudentsinourclass.Twentyofthemaregirls,theothersareboys.\n5.few/afew/little/alittle★few/afew修饰可数名词little/alittle修饰不可数名词★few,little表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”，“没有多少”afew,alittle表示肯定意义,译为“有几个”，“有一点”\n*Therearefewpeoplelivinghere.这里几乎没人住。*Thereareafewstudentsintheclassroom.教室里有一些学生。*IknowlittleEnglish.我不懂英语。*Thereisalittlemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。\n★few和little与quite或only连用时，常加不定冠词a*Therearequiteafewnewbooksinthelibrary.图书馆里颇有些新书。\n6.every/each★every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of连用*Everychildlikesplayinggames.★each表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、宾语和同位语,常与of连用*Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain.*Eachofthemhasaniceskirt.\n7.all/none★all“(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词之前*WeareallfromCanada.TheyalllikeEnglish.★none“没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可）*Noneofusis/areafraidofdogs.\n8.both/either/neither★both“（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数；作定语时后跟名词复数*Myparentsarebothteachers.=Bothofmyparentsareteachers.★neither“(两者)都不”,含有否定意义，作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Neitheranswerisright.\n★either“两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数;作定语时后跟名词单数*Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.=Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet.\n★有关词组及应用A.bothof/eitherof/neitherof*Bothofthemswimwell.他们俩都游得很好。*EitherofyougoestoBeijing.你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。*Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest.他们俩谁都不停下来休息。\nB.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式）either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则)*BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo.Tom和Lucy都在二年级。*Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome.或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。*NeitherhenorIamfreetoday.我和他今天都没空。\n9.Something/anything/nothingSomebody/anybody/nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时，常后置*Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.*Isthereanythingelseinthebox?*Nobodycananswerthequestion.\n指示代词DemonstrativePronouns表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括:this/that(单数)these/those(复数)1.this,these指在方位上较近的人或物that,those指在方位上较远的人或物*Thisismyshirt,that’syours.*TheseTVsaremadeinChina,thosearemadeinJapan.\n2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复*Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk.3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that*Hewasillyesterday.I’msorrytohearthat.\n疑问代词InterrogativePronouns用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有：whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语\宾语\定语\表语*Whatmakesyouthinklikethat?\做主语\*Who(Whom)wereyoutalkingwith?\做宾语\\n*WhichbusdoIneed?\做定语\*What’syourfather?\做表语\注意：在口语中，Who和Whom通用，但在介词后只能用Whom*Withwhomdidheplaygames?Withwhodidheplaygames?(错)\n2.Thisfilmislessinterestingthanthatone=Thisfilmisn'tasinterestingasthatone=Thatfilmismoreinterestingthanthisone.\n改错1Don’tworry.Thereislittletimeleft.2Hisbookisquitedifferentfromme.3Shehastwocats.Oneiswhite,anotherisblack.Don’tworry.Thereisalittletimeleft.HisbookisquitedifferentfrommineShehastwocats.Oneiswhite,theotherisblack.\n4Ihaveinterestingsomethingtotellyou.5Pleasegivemeit.6Everyofuswantstohavealookatyourphoto.Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.PleasegiveittomeEachofuswantstohavealookatyourphoto.\n7HesitsinfrontofJimandI.8IliketoreceivelettersbutIdonotlikewriteit.9Hedoesn’tknowwhatonetobuy.HesitsinfrontofJimandme.IliketoreceivelettersbutIdonotlikewritethem.Hedoesn’tknowwhichonetobuy.